Lignocellulosic biomass, found in wooden plant husks is a potent renewable material source which can be utilised to form various chemicals and biomaterials including polyols such as xylitol. Xylitol has been used commercially as an alternative to sucrose in many products as bulk sweetener in non-cariogenic confectionery as well as in diabetic diets and solutions for parenteral nutrition. Therefore, this study aims to optimise separation parameters of the Shimadzu high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Model No: LC-20A) and quantify the potential of coconut husk as substrate for Candida albicans in producing xylitol using HPLC. Pretreatment to depolymerise components of biomass i.e. cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin were done using dilute acid hydrolysis method which yielded fermentable reducing sugars, xylose. Xylose is a monosaccharide with an aldehyde functional group, a reducing sugar which is then utilised and fermented by the yeast Candida albicans to form xylitol. In this study, the media used for fermenting pretreated coconut husk and Candida albicans is a synthetic defined (SD) minimal broth. Growth curves against concentration of reducing sugar were plotted to determine utilisation and production trends with specific mixes of carbon sources. The presence of reducing sugars were tested using 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) assay in pretreated coconut husk yielded 13.22 g/L. In order to analyse the product with HPLC, an existing protocol is modified for Hypersil GOLD™ C18 column with acetonitrile as the mobile phase. Results obtained from HPLC analyses using developed protocol suggested the formation of xylitol from the fermentation of pretreated husk by Candida albicans. These can be followed by purification of fermented media in obtaining a better separation of contaminating peaks.
The process of software development life cycle (SDLC) is an important element of development phases to develop the application. In fact, there are needs to upgrade the sequence of methodology in software development. Thus, the SDLC is very crucial in order for them to ensure the quality of skills is placed accordingly in the workflow. This research contributes to the development of a new approach in system development workflow with the aim to properly manage system development projects. It started by providing some background data related to the previous mode of operation in the teamwork samples as shared by the stakeholders of the transformation projects and the new proposed Analysis System Development Framework (ASDF) method team members. Then, the key findings related to steps of software development such as (1) input for User Requirement Specification (URS) and (2) System Requirement Specification (SRS), (3) process for module, (4) process for database, (5) process for User Acceptance Testing (UAT) (6) output for Final Acceptance Testing (FAT) and empowerment for the whole level based on ASDF method. This paper contribution significantly to support the perception of high quality of skills in a teamwork, results in better performance of software development.
Undergraduate studies are a challenging time for students to adapt to the multi-functional roles and responsibilities of a university life. Research worldwide indicates undergraduate students to experience high levels of stress, depression and anxiety thus affecting their academic performance. Studies in Malaysia with respect to understanding the relationship between anxiety levels and academic achievement are sparse. The current study sought responses from a preliminary sample of 100 undergraduate students consisted of 50 males and 50 females on their cumulative grade point average (CGPA) and Beck’s Anxiety Inventory. The results suggested girls to have slightly higher levels of anxiety when compared to boys. Both boys and girls were found to have moderate levels of anxiety as indicated by BAI. A mild negative relationship was found between anxiety levels and academic achievement. The findings highlight the need for preventive mental health measures in universities catering to the growing academic and personal demands on students thereby facilitating students with coping and life skills.
Nowadays, the scientific knowledge is developing frequently in numerous characteristics to be able to offer versatile and also safe and sound tendency for the users. At this time many of prevalent together with employed indicate by the visually impaired people are using the ivory stick, nonetheless it possesses constraints. With the recent technological innovation, it is easy to prolong the assistance acquire for people who have visual disability throughout their movability; this design endorses a cost-effective ultrasonic stick for visually encountered people today, to be able to achieve an exclusive self-reliance and even exempt from the additional assist. A portable convenient to use technology is designed which could recognize the obstructions in the way working with ultrasonic sensors in addition to vibrator. Ultrasonic sensors will be able to inspect three types of distinct heights. Vibrator is frequently used as a substitute gadget in the areas that surrounds with the minimal signal coverage also nosy environment. The buzzer and vibration motor are initialized while any kind of hindrance is identified. Global positioning system device presents the details about to the proceeding approach both work or even home, that has been supplied considering that control keys together with a contingency switch. Text message unit is utilized by the blind to send out SMS info to the saved phone numbers in the Arduino in the event of unexpected emergency.
Probiotics has been discovered long time ago for its beneficial effect on health when consumed especially to the people who had allergy and gastrointestinal disease. This preliminary study was conducted to find out which vehicles can allow better growth of probiotic. Lactobacillus plantarum was used in this study as choice of probiotic to be cultured in the four types of milk. The pH value was recorded for determination of growths and metabolic activity of the probiotic. Results showed that L. plantarum in soy milk can grow and had a better metabolic activity in the cultured soy milk with pH 3.46 compared to others. The highest growth was recorded at optical density of 1.137 in soy milk at 560nm. This result showed that L. plantarum in soy milk multiply rapidly compared to other milks. As conclusion, soy milk has better development of probiotic as delivery vehicles compare to cow milk, goat milk and coconut milk.
This paper aims to presents the implementation of Organizational Memory Information System (OMIS) framework in managing knowledge in organization. OMIS providing a way for organization to leveraging tacit knowledge in capturing, codifying, storing and transferring knowledge. Every year data, information and knowledge had increased then becomes wasted memories due to the retirement, replacement and resignation of staff. This can have a great impact if the knowledge is not used wisely for future purpose. This could give great impact when it is not used wisely. Organization become more efficient and competitive if they used the collections of memory in the form of collected data, information, and knowledge. Organizations which are not efficient will do the process, and study the same repeatedly. Implementation of this framework is a good way to increase effectiveness of knowledge sharing in university. But some knowledge is hard to capture especially tacit knowledge. Many organizations attempt to capture tacit knowledge and codify it so that it can be shared around the organization for greater value. So this paper is mainly focused on implementation of Organizational Memory Information System (OMIS) framework in order to manage knowledge more centralized and organized in organization.
Blindness is an area of inadequate the visual conception because of physiological or even neurological aspects. The partial blindness corresponds to the insufficient integration in the expansion of the optic confidence or perhaps visual center of the eye, and also over-all total blindness is the complete inadequacy of the visual light perception. Within this research, a basic, inexpensive, friendly user, sensible blind assist technique is developed to be integrated with the portability of both blind and even visually impaired people in a particular region. The presented work consists of a wearable apparatus is made up of the head hat to facilitate the blind particular person to get around single-handedly safely and securely in order to keep away from any kind of obstructions that could be experienced, even if mounted and also mobile phone, to avoid virtually any probable accident. The primary function of this product is the Ultrasonic sensing unit which is able to inform the blind people if there exist any specific obstacles or otherwise not around them along with the vibrating motor probably would informs the blind people who which negative are the obstacles located. In addition, by pressing the home or work button this system will straight away link to MIT app inventor and the app will send a signal to Google maps to guide the blind people to its desired location. The implemented system is fast, and easy to use and an innovative affordable solution to blind and visually impaired people in third world countries.
Students nowadays in Malaysia and globally, prefer to consume caffeinated energy drink to stay up late to finish their daily task especially during exams or finishing their coursework. Despite the rising trends and aggressive marketing strategies aimed toward college students, there has been little research done on college students’ intake of caffeinated energy drinks and their impact on sleep quality such as the daytime sleepiness. Bad sleep quality is also significantly found more commonly in those with psychological distress which will then consequently affect students’ academic performances. This research studies about universities student pattern of consumption of caffeinated energy drink and how it affects their level of daytime sleepiness and level of psychological distress. In this research, The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) was used to evaluate general level of daytime sleepiness and the capability to stay alert and awake during crucial moments of the day. While the level of psychological distress were measured using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), a self-administered screening instrument designed to detect current diagnosable mental disturbances and disorders. Research findings showed that there are generally higher usage of caffeinated energy drink in male, between 20 to 22 years old and active in any physical activity, among participants whom does not consume caffeinated energy drink, majority score CGPA between 3.00 to 3.50. Also, there are significance between the psychological distress and consumption of caffeinated energy drink, 86.3% whom does not consume caffeinated energy drink does not have psychological distress and between daytime sleepiness and psychological distress, about 71.8% daytime sleepers have psychological distress (p
The Internet has changed people's life and made the learning methods of college students diversified. Because of the obvious disadvantages brought by the traditional passive classroom learning in China, online self-regulated learning, as a new learning method, has been paid more and more attention from Chinese universities. Online self-regulated learning adapts to the development of society. However, in China, the traditional academic year system limits the freedom of learning of university students. Most students lack learning motivation and affect learning efficiency, so the academic credit system has become an important factor that affects the development of online self-regulated learning. This paper will discuss online self-regulated learning and the academic credit system that affects online self-regulated learning in detail.
The upshot of blood pressure relies on the quantity and frequency of caffeine intake and on the rate of caffeine metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the effect of coffee consumption on blood pressure among frequent and non-frequent drinkers in rural and urban area of Kota Kinabalu. A total of 168 participants (Mean age = 26.52 ± 6.33 years; female = 50%; weight = 61.35 ± 12.52 kg; height = 163.37±7.70 cm; diploma holder = 45.2%) were recruited. Questionnaires consisting of socio-demography (5 items), caffeine intake frequency (2 items) and knowledge on coffee, blood pressure and effect to human health (10 items) were distributed. Blood pressure (BP) was taken before coffee consumption and after 30th, 60th, 90th and 120th minutes. SPSS version 24 were employed for statistical analysis. Frequent drinkers displayed significantly higher BP on the 90th (p=0.015) and 120th (p
“Hacking the Science of Cell Division” was developed to unravel an alternative framework for the misconceptions in meiosis and mitosis among secondary school students. The application of Needham’s Five Phase Constructivism Model which contains an orientation phase, generation of ideas, restructuring ideas, application of ideas, and reflection phase was used to carry out this project. Questionnaires on courseware evaluation were distributed to 123 Form Four students from science stream classes in two different schools in Selangor. The research instrument consisted various attributes, including content, interactivity, navigation, and screen design. The result of each analysed item indicated a mean range between 3.95 and 5.00. It can be concluded from the data analysis that students were generally pleased with the outcomes of the courseware and did not feel that it was a waste of their time. Hence, “Hacking the Science of Cell Division” can be utilised to overcome the misconceptions in meiosis and mitosis among secondary students.
Coronaviruses are known to cause fatal diseases like Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and recently recognised coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). It is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a single-stranded RNA virus. This review is done to study the clinical presentation, comorbid conditions in COVID-19 patients. The relevant articles were searched in PubMed, Science direct and special issues in JAMA, and the New England Journal of Medicine. Only selected papers were used for data extraction and synthesis. The exact source of current pandemic of Covid-19 is not known. The main clinical symptoms include fever, dry cough, myalgia, dyspnoea. Other symptoms presented are headache, malaise, chills/rigor and diarrhoea. The mortality rate was high in above 60 years of age with the comorbid conditions. The data analysis revealed varied mortality rates in different regions. The mortality rate of COVID-19 has been highest among elderly individuals with the comorbid conditions.
The purpose of this study is to determine and identify the relationship between transformational leadership and student engagement with the academic performance. Nowadays, the use of transformational leadership theory in higher education teaching attract researcher to develop more study on the topic. In this study we mostly investigate the relationship between the variables and the most influential dimension of the variables that affects the academic performance of students. Summary of the methodology is presented in this study which includes the sampling procedure, data collection processes and instrumentation jointly with data analysis procedures. A survey data were collected by using sample of 370 students of Management and Science University and the findings did not support that the transformational leadership and student engagement have significant relationship with academic performance. It indicates that transformational leadership and student engagement did not affect students in achieving higher grades to determine their academic performance. However, due to the presence of several limitations and the suggestions and recommendations were discussed.
Since 20th century, the Korean wave has been a phenomenon globally and it has also spread through Malaysia in terms of culture, music, fashion and also food. Study shows that Malaysian is attracted towards Korean cuisine which increases the demand of Korean cuisine. As result, numerous of new business opportunities have raised. Sopoong, IOI City Mall, Putrajaya is one of the top and thriving Korean cuisine restaurant with more than five branches all over Kuala Lumpur and Klang Valley area. The aims of this study are to help the food establishment to improve their service quality and subsequently increase the customer satisfaction, and also could help any other organizations that are interrelated to this research. This research is also purposely to determine the relationship of service quality with customer satisfaction focused at Sopoong, IOI City Mall, Putrajaya. The researchers used the service quality dimension (SERVQUAL) such as tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy to find the relationship with customer satisfaction as the main idea. This study is a quantitative study conducted to tracks the seasonal trends or phenomena related to the issue. For this research, survey questionnaire was used as data collection method and three hundred and one (301) questionnaires were distributed to respondent at Sopoong, IOI City Mall, Putrajaya. The data collected are analysed by using descriptive and correlation analysis by using IBM-SPSS software. The findings of this study show that the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction is available.
The main purpose of this empirical study is to examine how perceived security and privacy, perceived usefulness, social norms and cost of communication impact acceptance of e-vendor among students. To examine these effects, the study employed university students. The sample size consisted to 200 students from Management and Science University, Shah Alam campus. Standardized instruments were used to measure the study variables and regression analysis was used to test these relationships. Results of the study revealed that all the variables has an impact on acceptance of e-vendor, with a variation on the strength of such impact. Security was the strongest predictor of the acceptance of e-vendor.
Myopia is a global issue and significantly contributed to vision loss and ocular complications affected more than 1 billion people worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate visual field defects in association with the level of myopia degree. A retrospective study was conducted at MSU Eye Centre where the data of OCULUS Twinfield® 2 test from May 2015 to April 2018 were analysed. The global indices (mean deviation, MD, pattern standard deviation, PSD and probability plots) and spherical equivalent were used as parameters of this study. A total of 90 records comprising of 44.4% (40) of males and 55.6% (50) females with the mean age of 29.16 (SD: 10.27) years old and the spherical equivalent was -2.92 (SD:2.94) of the emmetrope, moderate and high myopia. The mean MD index was -1.71 dB (SD 3.95 dB) and PSD was 1.81 dB (SD:1.82 dB) respectively. There is a significant difference between emmetrope, moderate and high myope of MD (X2(2)=8.892, p=0.012) and PSD (X2(2) =42.057, p
Background and Aims: Smoking are extremely increasing among students where e-cigarette was initially to call out to in order to stop smoking traditional cigarette due to the tobacco content which absent in e-cigarette. Traditional cigarette contains an anumeration of chemicals that are demonstrated destructive to life.
Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study is done among 18 to 26 years old male students who are studying in universities or colleges around area Shah Alam. The aim of the study is to understand health and social impact, physical dependence on nicotine and preference on type of cigarette in using traditional, electronic or dual cigarette among universities or colleges’ students studying around area Shah Alam. A quantitative study on 180 students who answered self administered questionnaire.
Results: A great quantity of students admitted that they prefer in using dual cigarette (48.9%), rather than traditional cigarette (29.4%) and e-cigarette (21.7) separately. Whereas, the assessment of physical dependence on nicotine among students have very crucial evidence that mostly are moderate dependence (52.8%) on nicotine compared to low dependence (3.9%), low to moderate (38.9%) and high dependence (4.4%) which significantly more likely participants are dependent on nicotine [ė²:15.364;df:4;p:0.018;N:180]. The health effects on smokers are very less found in this study which are cough (31.7%), wheeze when breathing (13.3%), short of breath (13.9%), frequent mouth or throat irritation (30.6%) and difficulty in breathing like a sensation of pressure (13.9%) respectively which they answered yes.
Conclusion: Cigarette smoking can be reduced among male students in area Shah Alam due to students are highly motivated and educated on the side effects from smoking even if health or social.
Mobile Advertisement has become a focus point at the same time that wireless networking pursues into spreading an as well as the quantity of mobile users is expanding globally. Therefore, mobile phones come up with a new aspect for the marketer to develop stable customer connection through giving the customer with the desired information over mobile phones at all places anytime. But, the effects of mobile advertising have not been studied adequately. The aim of this research, thus, is to get a greater understanding on factors affecting the effectiveness of mobile advertising in food & beverage industry. To achieve this reason, research questions have developed about the effectiveness of mobile advertising along with the success factors. The findings as well as the conclusion of the research demonstrate that technology behave as the primary facilitator of mobile advertising. Factors affecting the mobile advertising are informativeness, entertainment, irritation and credibility has kept in mind by the organisation with high importance. Mobile phone is a very personal device that organization should always remember, so any services supply via mobile phone ought to have managed very cautiously.
There are many prior studies that focused on the adoption of mobile shopping by apply models like TAM, DOI and UTAUT, but there is still a lack of effort to determine the influential factors from user or consumer perception. The purpose of this paper is to determine the influential factors on intention of purchasing via mobile shopping application in Malaysia. The study identified five independent variables including perceived benefit, performance expectancy, security and privacy, perceived ease of use and customer services with proposed an integrated framework to understand intention mobile users. A total of 195 mobile device users were participating in this questionnaire survey in Malaysia. Collected data was utilized to analyze the hypothesized relationships. The results indicated that only two influential factors, namely perceived benefits and perceived ease of use were significant in predicting the purchase intention via mobile shopping application. The small sizes of respondents from whole population in Malaysia is the limitation of this study. The findings of this study benefit mobile shopping app developers to develop a suitable services and strategies to encourage mobile shopping app as a medium of exchange. Worth noting this study represents the purchase intention in using mobile application by using UTAUT model as a guiding theory.
Martial arts which promotes meditation, discipline and physical activity have positive effect on overall health and well-being of the practitioner. This study aimed to investigate the improvement of quality of life of martial arts practitioners such as silat. This randomized interventional study was conducted in six states in Malaysia including Pahang, Terengganu, Selangor, Kelantan, Kedah and Sabah. Participants were randomly divided into control (not practicing martial arts) and intervention (practicing martial arts) groups. Self-administered questionnaires consisting of socio-demography (5 items), smoking cessation (4 items), physical activity (6 items) and overall wellbeing (7 items) were distributed to both groups at pre- and post-intervention. A total of 200 participants (age group of 18-28 years = 95%; male = 98%; Muslim = 98%; collage/university education level = 99%) were recruited. Intervention group showed better improvement on lethargy (78.0% vs 66.0%), agitations (80.0% vs 54.0%), restlessness (82.0% vs 53.0%), depressions (92.0% vs 56.0%) and smoking cessation (100.0% vs 75.0%), compared to the control group. Martial arts promote a positive effect on a person's overall quality of life. This finding encourages an alternative for better health promotion specifically among youths.