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Leptin enhances N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced tumour growth in gastric mucosa of male Sprague-Dawley rats

Isyraqiah F, Kutty MK, Durairajanayagam D, Singh HJ

Mol Biol Rep, 2019 Dec;46(6):5967-5975.
PMID: 31444698 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05030-z

Individuals who are obese are at a greater risk of developing gastric cancer. They are however also hyperleptinaemic. Chronic leptin treatment has been shown to upregulate numerous cancer-causing genes in the stomach of male Sprague-Dawley rats. It is however unclear if leptin enhances the effect of gastric carcinogens in vivo. This study was therefore done to investigate the effect of leptin on gastric carcinogenesis in rats treated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). Twenty-four, 6-week old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided equally into three groups: G1 served as age-matched controls; G2 was treated with MNNG in drinking water ad libitum (200 mg L-1); G3 was given leptin and MNNG. Rats were euthanized after 40 weeks of treatment and their stomachs were removed for histopathology, microarray, and RT-qPCR analysis. Fisher's exact test and one-way ANOVA were used to analyse the data. Fifty percent of the MNNG-treated rats developed gastric hyperplasia (p stomachs of Sprague-Dawley rats and its role in gastric cancer requires further scrutiny.

Matched MeSH terms: Stomach/pathology
Fulltext Culturable bacterial microbiota of the stomach of Helicobacter pylori positive and negative gastric disease patients

Khosravi Y, Dieye Y, Poh BH, Ng CG, Loke MF, Goh KL, et al.

ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:610421.
PMID: 25105162 DOI: 10.1155/2014/610421

Human stomach is the only known natural habitat of Helicobacter pylori (Hp), a major bacterial pathogen that causes different gastroduodenal diseases. Despite this, the impact of Hp on the diversity and the composition of the gastric microbiota has been poorly studied. In this study, we have analyzed the culturable gastric microbiota of 215 Malaysian patients, including 131 Hp positive and 84 Hp negative individuals that were affected by different gastric diseases. Non-Hp bacteria isolated from biopsy samples were identified by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry based biotyping and 16SrRNA sequencing. The presence of Hp did not significantly modify the diversity of the gastric microbiota. However, correlation was observed between the isolation of Streptococci and peptic ulcer disease. In addition, as a first report, Burkholderia pseudomallei was also isolated from the gastric samples of the local population. This study suggested that there may be geographical variations in the diversity of the human gastric microbiome. Geographically linked diversity in the gastric microbiome and possible interactions between Hp and other bacterial species from stomach microbiota in pathogenesis are proposed for further investigations.

Matched MeSH terms: Stomach/pathology
Fulltext Cystogastrocolic fold and associated atrophy of the gallbladder

Pamidi N, Nayak S, Vollala VR

Singapore Med J, 2008 Sep;49(9):e250-1.
PMID: 18830532

Peritoneal anomalies are common in humans. We report the presence of a cystogastrocolic fold associated with an abnormally small gallbladder in a 50-year-old male cadaver. Presence of this fold is one of the clinically important anomalies, which can result in atrophy of the gallbladder or congenital obstruction of the duodenum.

Matched MeSH terms: Stomach/pathology
Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori cagA, babA2, and dupA genotypes and correlation with clinical outcome in Malaysian patients with dyspepsia

Osman HA, Hasan H, Suppian R, Hassan S, Andee DZ, Abdul Majid N, et al.

Turk J Med Sci, 2015;45(4):940-6.
PMID: 26422871

BACKGROUND/AIM: The severity of disease outcome in dyspepsia has been attributed to Helicobacter pylori virulence genes. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of H. pylori virulence genes (cagA, babA2, and dupA) and to determine whether or not there arises a significant correlation with clinical dyspepsia outcomes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: H. pylori genotypes cagA, babA2, and dupA were identified by polymerase chain reactions from gastric biopsy samples in 105 H. pylori-positive patients.
RESULTS: The positive rates for cagA, babA2, and dupA genes in H. pylori dyspeptic patients were 69.5%, 41.0%, and 22.9%, respectivel cagA was more prevalent in Indians (39.7%), babA2 was more prevalent in Malays (39.5%), and dupA detection occurred more frequently in both Indians and Malays and at the same rate (37.5%). The Chinese inhabitants had the lowest prevalence of the three genes. Nonulcer disease patients had a significantly higher distribution of cagA (76.7%), babA2 (74.4%), and dupA (75.0%). There was no apparent association between these virulence genes and the clinical outcomes.
CONCLUSION: The lower prevalence of these genes and variations among different ethnicities implies that the strains are geographically and ethnically dependent. None of the virulence genes were knowingly beneficial in predicting the clinical outcome of H. pylori infection in our subjects.

Matched MeSH terms: Stomach/pathology