MyMedR

Displaying publications 21 - 24 of 24 in total

Abstract:

Sort:

Fulltext Spectrum of Viral Infections Among Primary Immunodeficient Children: Report From a National Registry

Al-Herz W, Essa S

Front Immunol, 2019;10:1231.
PMID: 31191561 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01231

Objective: To present the frequency and spectrum of viral infections in primary immunodeficient children. Methods: The data was obtained from the Kuwait National Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders (PIDs) Registry during the period of 2004-2018. Results: A total of 274 PID children were registered in KNPIDR during the study period with predominance of immunodeficiencies affecting cellular and humoral immunity, followed by combined immunodeficiencies with associated syndromic features and diseases of immune dysregulation. Overall infectious complications affected 82.4% of the patients, and viral infections affected 31.7% of the registered patients. Forty-five patients (16.4%) developed viral infections caused by at least 2 organisms, among those 20 patients were affected by three or more viral infections. There was a statistically significant association between viral infections and PID category. However, there was no statistically significant association between viral infections and gender or the patients' onset age. There was a total of 170 viral infections during the study period and the causes of these infections were predominated by CMV (22.2%), adenovirus (11.7%), EBV (11.1%), and enteroviruses (7.4%). CMV and parainfluenza infections were more common in the group of immunodeficiencies affecting cellular and humoral immunity while EBV and human papilloma virus (HPV) were more common in the immune dysregulation group and combined immunodeficiencies with associated syndromic features, respectively. The most common presentation was viremia (28.8%) followed by pneumonia (28.2%) and skin infections (17.6%). The most common causes of viremia were CMV followed by adenovirus and EBV, while the most common organisms causing pneumonia were CMV followed by rhinovirus and parainfluenza. There were 80 deaths among the registered patients, 10% were caused by viral infections. Conclusions: Viral infections are common in PIDs and result into a wide-range of clinical manifestations causing significant morbidity and mortality.

Matched MeSH terms: Virus Diseases/epidemiology*
Fulltext Viral Pandemics of the Last Four Decades: Pathophysiology, Health Impacts and Perspectives

Roychoudhury S, Das A, Sengupta P, Dutta S, Roychoudhury S, Choudhury AP, et al.

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2020 12 15;17(24).
PMID: 33333995 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249411

The twenty-first century has witnessed some of the deadliest viral pandemics with far-reaching consequences. These include the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (1981), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) (2002), Influenza A virus subtype H1N1 (A/H1N1) (2009), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) (2012) and Ebola virus (2013) and the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) (2019-present). Age- and gender-based characterizations suggest that SARS-CoV-2 resembles SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV with regard tohigher fatality rates in males, and in the older population with comorbidities. The invasion-mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, involves binding of its spike protein with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors; MERS-CoV utilizes dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), whereas H1N1 influenza is equipped with hemagglutinin protein. The viral infections-mediated immunomodulation, and progressive inflammatory state may affect the functions of several other organs. Although no effective commercial vaccine is available for any of the viruses, those against SARS-CoV-2 are being developed at an unprecedented speed. Until now, only Pfizer/BioNTech's vaccine has received temporary authorization from the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. Given the frequent emergence of viral pandemics in the 21st century, proper understanding of their characteristics and modes of action are essential to address the immediate and long-term health consequences.

Matched MeSH terms: Virus Diseases/epidemiology*
Fulltext Bacterial pneumonia and its associated factors in children from a developing country: A prospective cohort study

Nathan AM, Teh CSJ, Jabar KA, Teoh BT, Tangaperumal A, Westerhout C, et al.

PLoS One, 2020;15(2):e0228056.
PMID: 32059033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228056

INTRODUCTION: Pneumonia in children is a common disease yet determining its aetiology remains elusive.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the a) aetiology, b) factors associated with bacterial pneumonia and c) association between co-infections (bacteria + virus) and severity of disease, in children admitted with severe pneumonia.
METHODS: A prospective cohort study involving children aged 1-month to 5-years admitted with very severe pneumonia, as per the WHO definition, over 2 years. Induced sputum and blood obtained within 24 hrs of admission were examined via PCR, immunofluorescence and culture to detect 17 bacteria/viruses. A designated radiologist read the chest radiographs.
RESULTS: Three hundred patients with a mean (SD) age of 14 (±15) months old were recruited. Significant pathogens were detected in 62% of patients (n = 186). Viruses alone were detected in 23.7% (n = 71) with rhinovirus (31%), human metapneumovirus (HMP) [22.5%] and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) [16.9%] being the commonest. Bacteria alone was detected in 25% (n = 75) with Haemophilus influenzae (29.3%), Staphylococcus aureus (24%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (22.7%) being the commonest. Co-infections were seen in 13.3% (n = 40) of patients. Male gender (AdjOR 1.84 [95% CI 1.10, 3.05]) and presence of crepitations (AdjOR 2.27 [95% CI 1.12, 4.60]) were associated with bacterial infection. C-reactive protein (CRP) [p = 0.007]) was significantly higher in patients with co-infections but duration of hospitalization (p = 0.77) and requirement for supplemental respiratory support (p = 0.26) were not associated with co-infection.
CONCLUSIONS: Bacteria remain an important cause of very severe pneumonia in developing countries with one in four children admitted isolating bacteria alone. Male gender and presence of crepitations were significantly associated with bacterial aetiology. Co-infection was associated with a higher CRP but no other parameters of severe clinical illness.

Matched MeSH terms: Virus Diseases/epidemiology
Fulltext Optimization: Molecular Communication Networks for Viral Disease Analysis Using Deep Leaning Autoencoder

Junejo AR, Kaabar MKA, Li X

Comput Math Methods Med, 2021;2021:9949328.
PMID: 34938362 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9949328

Developing new treatments for emerging infectious diseases in infectious and noninfectious diseases has attracted a particular attention. The emergence of viral diseases is expected to accelerate; these data indicate the need for a proactive approach to develop widely active family specific and cross family therapies for future disease outbreaks. Viral disease such as pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome type 2, HIV infection, and Hepatitis-C virus can cause directly and indirectly cardiovascular disease (CVD). Emphasis should be placed not only on the development of broad-spectrum molecules and antibodies but also on host factor therapy, including the reutilization of previously approved or developing drugs. Another new class of therapeutics with great antiviral therapeutic potential is molecular communication networks using deep learning autoencoder (DL-AEs). The use of DL-AEs for diagnosis and prognosis prediction of infectious and noninfectious diseases has attracted a particular attention. MCN is map to molecular signaling and communication that are found inside and outside the human body where the goal is to develop a new black box mechanism that can serve the future robust healthcare industry (HCI). MCN has the ability to characterize the signaling process between cells and infectious disease locations at various levels of the human body called point-to-point MCN through DL-AE and provide targeted drug delivery (TDD) environment. Through MCN, and DL-AE healthcare provider can remotely measure biological signals and control certain processes in the required organism for the maintenance of the patient's health state. We use biomicrodevices to promote the real-time monitoring of human health and storage of the gathered data in the cloud. In this paper, we use the DL-based AE approach to design and implement a new drug source and target for the MCN under white Gaussian noise. Simulation results show that transceiver executions for a given medium model that reduces the bit error rate which can be learned. Then, next development of molecular diagnosis such as heart sounds is classified. Furthermore, biohealth interface for the inside and outside human body mechanism is presented, comparative perspective with up-to-date current situation about MCN.

Matched MeSH terms: Virus Diseases/epidemiology