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  1. Fulltext Uvulo-palatoglossal junctional ulcers--an early clinical sign of exanthem subitum due to human herpesvirus 6
    Chua KB, Lam SK, Sazaly AB, Lim ST, Paranjothy M
    Med J Malaysia, 1999 Mar;54(1):32-6.
    PMID: 10972002
    A provisional clinical diagnosis of exanthem subitum was made in six febrile infants seen in the Paediatric Unit of Assunta Hospital, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia with uvulo-palatoglossal junctional ulcers prior to the eruption of maculopapular rash. On follow-up, all six infants developed maculopapular rash with the subsidence of fever at the end of the fourth febrile day. Human herpesvirus 6 was isolated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells during the acute phase of the illness and HHV 6 specific genome was also detected in these cells by nested polymerase chain reaction. All the six infants showed seroconversion for both specific IgG and IgM to the isolated virus. This study suggests that the presence of uvulo-palatoglossal junctional ulcers could be a useful early clinical sign of exanthem subitum due to human herpesvirus 6.
    Matched MeSH terms: Exanthema Subitum/blood
  2. Cardiovascular effects of aspidofractinine-type alkaloids from Kopsia
    Mok SL, Yoganathan K, Lim TM, Kam TS
    J Nat Prod, 1998 Mar;61(3):328-32.
    PMID: 9544563
    Intravenous injection of the aspidofractinine alkaloid, kopsingine (1, 0.2-10.0 mg/kg) from Kopsia teoi, produced dose-related decreases in the mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate in anesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats, which were similar to those seen in normotensive controls. Minor modifications in the molecular structure of kopsingine, as in kopsaporine (2, the 12-demethoxy derivative of kopsingine) and 14,15-dihydrokopsingine (4), did not significantly alter the hypotensive responses, whereas a more drastic change in the structure, as in the heptacyclic kopsidine A (3) and the 3-to-17 oxo-bridged compound 5, resulted in an increase in blood pressure. The antihypertensive effects of kopsingine (1) and its congeners (2 and 4) along with the pressor effects produced by the heptacyclic oxo-bridged compounds (5 and 3) could be ascribed to central as well as peripheral actions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure/drug effects
  3. HIV type 1 gag subtype A is predominant in Malaysian intravenous drug users
    Kasper P, Chalwatzis N, Duraisamy G, Ofenloch-Hähnle B, Faatz E
    AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 1997 Sep 20;13(14):1251-3.
    PMID: 9310293
    Matched MeSH terms: Substance Abuse, Intravenous/blood
  4. Suppression of hypotensive responses of captopril and enalapril by the kallikrein inhibitor aprotinin in spontaneously hypertensive rats
    Sharma JN, Amrah SS, Noor AR
    Pharmacology, 1995 Jun;50(6):363-9.
    PMID: 7568335
    The present investigation evaluated the effects of aprotinin, an inhibitor of kallikrein, on blood pressure responses, heart rate, and duration of hypotension induced by acute administration of captopril and enalapril (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) in anaesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats. Captopril (20 mg/kg) and enalapril (20 mg/kg) administered intravenously caused a significant (p < 0.001) fall in systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the absence of aprotinin. In contrast, captopril (20 mg/kg) and enalapril (20 mg/kg) failed (p > 0.05) to cause a fall in systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the presence of aprotinin (2 mg/kg). Captopril and enalapril were able to significantly reduce the heart rate (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001) in the presence as well as in the absence of aprotinin. The duration of hypotension produced by captopril and enalapril was abolished significantly (p < 0.001) in the presence of aprotinin. These findings may suggest that captopril and enalapril caused hypotension via the kallikrein pathway, since the kallikrein inhibitor aprotinin can antagonize the hypotensive responses of these agents. Thus, kallikrein may be an independent mediator in the regulation of blood pressure.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure/drug effects*
  5. Specific IgE in the identification of allergens in allergic rhinitis Malaysian patients
    Choon-Kook S, Teck-Soong SL
    Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol, 1995 Jun;13(1):23-7.
    PMID: 7488340
    The specific serum IgE levels to 20 allergens were determined by enzyme immunoassay in 90 Malaysian patients with allergic rhinitis. Ninety-two percent of patients had elevated IgE to at least 1 of the allergens. The housedust mites D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae were the major allergens, elevated IgE to either allergen being present in 86% of the patients. Prick skin tests were carried out in some of the patients, housedust mites, cat fur, dog hair and shrimp were the allergens used. Close correspondence was found between IgE and prick skin tests to the mites.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunoglobulin E/blood*
  6. Fulltext All elevated creatine kinase is not neuroleptic malignant syndrome
    Maniam T, Rahman MA
    Med J Malaysia, 1994 Sep;49(3):252-4.
    PMID: 7845275
    Creatine kinase (CK) is an enzyme that is found widely in muscle tissues. Raised levels would occur when there is muscle damage. Raised levels are used as one of the diagnostic criteria for Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS). This study looks at CK levels in 30 psychotic inpatients without NMS and compares them with 10 patients with NMS. It was found that 67% of the patients without NMS had raised CK levels, 20% of whom had levels in excess of 1000 IU/L. The rest had a two to five-fold increase over normal limits. Raised levels were associated with the use of intramuscular injections and physical restraints, situations which are well known to result in muscle injury. All the NMS patients had raised CK levels but 40% had levels below 1000 IU/L. Our findings support the idea that CK levels, though helpful, should be interpreted with care as raised levels are nonspecific.
    Matched MeSH terms: Creatine Kinase/blood*
  7. Relationship between active protection in vaccinated buffaloes against haemorrhagic septicaemia and passive mouse protection test or serum antibody titres
    Chandrasekaran S, Kennett L, Yeap PC, Muniandy N, Rani B, Mukkur TK
    Vet Microbiol, 1994 Aug 15;41(4):303-9.
    PMID: 7801530
    The relationship between the standard passive mouse protection test or serum antibody titres measured by indirect haemagglutination or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and active protection in buffaloes immunized with different types of haemorrhagic septicaemia bacterins was investigated. Groups of 2-3 buffaloes were immunized with the bacterins currently in use in Asia, viz., broth bacterin (BB), alum precipitated vaccine (APV) and oil adjuvant vaccine (OAV) either subcutaneously (BB, APV) or intramuscularly (OAV) and challenged subcutaneously with virulent organisms at different periods post-immunization. Although the passive mouse protection and indirect haemagglutination tests carried out with the pre-challenge sera from vaccinated buffaloes revealed no relationship with active protection in buffaloes, a relationship was observed between the ELISA antibody titres and protection. In contrast, a dose-response relationship was observed between the homologous active and passive mouse protection test.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
  8. Pharmacokinetics of phenytoin in routine clinic patients in Malaysia
    Ismail R, Rahman AF, Chand P
    J Clin Pharm Ther, 1994 Aug;19(4):245-8.
    PMID: 7989403
    We estimated individual and population Michaelis-Menten pharmacokinetic parameters for phenytoin (DPH) in epileptic patients attending our neurology clinic using the computer programme. OPT. Our results agreed well with literature values but were lower than those we obtained earlier in a smaller number of patients. The Km was independent of age, weight and sex but there was a weak, correlation between Vm and body weight. We conclude that the use of population Vm and Km in normograms could lead to errors in DPH dose estimations as they correlated very poorly with patient characteristics. OPT was easy to use and sufficiently accurate for deriving dose estimates in routine patients. Its use would enable practitioners to generate their patients' own parameters for use in individual dosage adjustments. The estimates can subsequently be updated as more data become available.
    Matched MeSH terms: Phenytoin/blood
  9. Effects of estradiol on worm burden and peripheral leukocytes in Parastrongylus malaysiensis-infected rats
    Kamis AB, Ahmad RA, Badrul-Munir MZ
    Parasitol Res, 1994;80(1):74-7.
    PMID: 8153130
    Gonadectomized male laboratory rats were given 0.06 mg/kg estradiol benzoate daily for 14 days before being inoculated with 50 third-stage larvae of Parastrongylus malaysiensis. Hormone treatment was continued until the rats were killed. The numbers of larvae in the brain and of adult worms in the pulmonary area of the rats were determined every 7 days after the inoculation. It was found that the rats treated daily with estradiol benzoate had significantly and consistently higher numbers of larvae and adult worms as compared with the controls. The number of total leukocytes increased significantly after the rats were infected. The results show that estradiol-treated rats become susceptible to P. malaysiensis infection, which may indicate that the immunosuppressive effects of testosterone observed in earlier studies may partly be caused by estradiol that was peripherally aromatized from testosterone.
    Matched MeSH terms: Strongylida Infections/blood*
  10. Efficacy of supplementation of a phytase-producing bacterial culture on the performance and nutrient use of broiler chickens fed corn-soybean meal diets
    Lan GQ, Abdullah N, Jalaludin S, Ho YW
    Poult Sci, 2002 Oct;81(10):1522-32.
    PMID: 12412919
    We evaluated the efficacy of supplementation of active Mitsuokella jalaludinii culture (AMJC) on the growth performance, nutrient use, and mineral concentrations in tibia bone and plasma of broiler chickens fed corn-soybean meal diets. Dietary treatments included low-nonphytate P (NPP) feed (containing 0.24% and 0.232% NPP for chicks from 1 to 21 and 22 to 42 d of age, respectively), low-NPP feed added with different levels of AMJC (equivalent to 250, 500, 750, and 1,000 U phytase/kg of feed), and normal-NPP feed (containing 0.46 and 0.354% NPP for chicks from 1 to 21 and 22 to 42 d of age, respectively). Supplementation of AMJC to low-NPP feed increased (P < 0.05) weight gain and feed intake and decreased (P < 0.05) feed:gain ratio of chickens during the whole experiment (Days 1 to 42). Supplementation of AMJC increased (P < 0.05) the AME value, digestibility of DM and CP, and retention of P, Ca, and Cu. Mn retention in broilers was only increased (P < 0.05) by AMJC supplementation from 18 to 20 d of age, and Zn retention was improved (P < 0.05) only at a high level of AMJC (equivalent to 1,000 U phytase/kg of feed) supplementation. Chicks fed low-NPP feed added with AMJC had similar tibia ash percentages as those fed the normal-NPP diet. Generally, supplementing AMJC to low-NPP feed increased (P < 0.05) Ca, decreased significantly (P < 0.05) Mn and Cu, but did not affect Zn and P concentrations in tibia ash. Supplementing AMJC also increased (P < 0.05) plasma P but had no effect on plasma Ca or Mn. Plasma Zn concentration was increased only when a high level of AMJC (equivalent to 1,000 U phytase/kg of feed) was used. In conclusion, AMJC supplementation to low-NPP feed improved growth performance; AME value; digestibility of CP and DM; use of Ca, P, and Cu; and bone mineralization.
    Matched MeSH terms: Minerals/blood
  11. Short communication: use of a recombinant antigen-based ELISA to determine prevalence of brugian filariasis among Malaysian schoolchildren near Pasir Mas, Kelantan-Thailand border
    Rahmah N, Lim BH, Azian H, Ramelah TS, Rohana AR
    Trop Med Int Health, 2003 Feb;8(2):158-63.
    PMID: 12581442
    Brugian filariasis infects 13 million people in Asia. The routine prevalence survey method using night thick blood smear is not sensitive enough to reflect the actual infection prevalence. In 1997-2001, only three microfilaraemic cases (of 5601 individuals screened; 0.05%) were reported in Pasir Mas, a district in Kelantan (Malaysia), which shares a border with Thailand. We therefore investigated the infection prevalence in this district by employing a sensitive and specific serological assay (Brugia-Elisa). This test is based on detection of specific IgG4 antibody against a Brugia malayi recombinant antigen. A total of 5138 children, aged 7-12 years, from 16 primary schools, were tested. Eighteen pupils in eight schools, located in five subdistricts, tested positive, giving an overall prevalence rate of 0.35%. Infection in these children is significant as they represent more recent cases. These subdistricts should be included in the national filariasis elimination programme.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Helminth/blood*
  12. Correlation of tramadol pharmacokinetics and CYP2D6*10 genotype in Malaysian subjects
    Gan SH, Ismail R, Wan Adnan WA, Wan Z
    J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2002 Sep 05;30(2):189-195.
    PMID: 12191703
    The aim of the present study is to investigate the influence of the CYP2D6*10 allele on the disposition of tramadol hydrochloride in Malaysian subjects. A single dose of 100 mg tramadol was given intravenously to 30 healthy orthopaedic patients undergoing various elective surgeries. After having obtained written informed consents, patients were genotyped for CYP2D6*10: the most common CYP2D6 allele among Asians by means of allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. The presence of other mutations (CYP2D6*1, *3, *4, *5, *9 and *17) was also investigated. Tramadol was extracted from 1 ml serum with an n-hexane: ethylacetate combination (4:1) after alkalinisation with ammonia (pH 10.6). Serum concentrations were measured by means of high-performance liquid chromatography. The pharmacokinetics of tramadol was studied during the 24 h after the dose. As among other Asians, the allele frequency for CYP2D6*10 among Malaysians was high (0.43). Subjects who were homozygous for CYP2D6*10 had significantly (P=0.046) longer mean serum half-life of tramadol than subjects of the normal or the heterozygous group (Kruskal-Wallis test). When patients were screened for the presence of other alleles, the pharmacokinetic parameter values were better explained. CYP2D6 activity may play a main role in determining tramadol pharmacokinetics. The CYP2D6*10 allele particularly was associated with higher serum levels of tramadol compared with the CYP2D6*1 allele. However, genotyping for CYP2D6*10 alone is not sufficient to explain tramadol disposition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tramadol/blood
  13. Immunogenic epitopes of Salmonella typhi GroEL heat shock protein reactive with both monoclonal antibody and patients sera
    Panchanathan V, Naidu BR, Devi S, Di Pasquale A, Mason T, Pang T
    Immunol Lett, 1998 Jun;62(2):105-9.
    PMID: 9698106
    A series of 122, 9-mer overlapping peptides based on the sequence of the Salmonella typhi GroEL gene was synthesized on the surfaces of polyethylene pins and screened with monoclonal antibody to GroEL and with human sera from patients with typhoid fever and normal healthy blood donors. Three immunogenic epitopes corresponding to peptides EGQDRGYSY, YSYNKETGE and GKGTEEKEK were identified upon screening with the human sera. In addition, screening of the peptides with a monoclonal antibody to GroEL detected binding to a third peptide, KGGKGTEEK, which contains a common overlapping sequence to peptide GKGTEEKEK. Identification and definition of these epitopes will be important in delineating the biological and immunological functions of this protein and in designing better diagnostic tests and vaccines.
    Matched MeSH terms: Typhoid Fever/blood
  14. Hypercalcaemia in patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis in Malaysia
    Liam CK, Lim KH, Srinivas P, Poi PJ
    Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 1998 Oct;2(10):818-23.
    PMID: 9783529
    University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calcium/blood
  15. A comparative study of the biological properties of venoms from juvenile and adult inland taipan (Oxyuranus microlepidotus) snake venoms
    Tan NH, Ponnudurai G, Mirtschin PJ
    Toxicon, 1993 Mar;31(3):363-7.
    PMID: 8470140
    The biological properties of adult and juvenile inland taipan (Oxyuranus microlepidotus) snake venoms were examined. The enzymatic activities, intravenous median lethal dose and procoagulant activity of the juvenile venom samples were not significantly different from those of the adult venom samples. Also, the juvenile and adult venoms exhibited similar electrophoretic patterns, indicating that they possessed similar protein composition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Coagulation/drug effects
  16. Therapeutic prospects of bradykinin receptor antagonists
    Sharma JN
    Gen. Pharmacol., 1993 Mar;24(2):267-74.
    PMID: 8387049
    1. Bradykinin and related kinins may act on four types of receptors designated as B1, B2, B3 and B4. It seems that the B2 receptors are most commonly found in various vascular and non-vascular smooth muscles, whereas B1 receptors are formed in vitro during trauma, and injury, and are found in bone tissues. 2. These BK receptors are involved in the regulations of various physiological and pathological processes. 3. The mode of kinin actions are based upon the interactions between the kinin and their specific receptors, which can lead to activation of several second-messenger systems. 4. Recently, numerous BK receptors antagonists have been synthesized with prime aim to treat diseases caused by excessive kinin production. 5. These diseases are RA, inflammatory diseases of the bowel, asthma, rhinitis and sore throat, allergic reactions, pain, inflammatory skin disorders, endotoxin and anaphylactic shock and coronary heart diseases. 6. On the other hand, BK receptor antagonists could be contraindicated in hypertension, since these drugs may antagonize the antihypertensive therapy and/or may trigger the hypertensive crisis. 7. It is worth suggesting that the BK receptor agonists might be useful antihypertensive drugs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure/drug effects
  17. Fulltext Elevated CD8 T-cell counts and virological failure in HIV-infected patients after combination antiretroviral therapy
    Ku NS, Jiamsakul A, Ng OT, Yunihastuti E, Cuong DD, Lee MP, et al.
    Medicine (Baltimore), 2016 Aug;95(32):e4570.
    PMID: 27512885 DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000004570
    Elevated CD8 counts with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) initiation may be an early warning indicator for future treatment failure. Thus, we investigated whether elevated CD8 counts were associated with virological failure (VF) in the first 4 years of cART in Asian HIV-infected patients in a multicenter regional cohort.We included patients from the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database (TAHOD). Patients were included in the analysis if they started cART between 1996 and 2013 with at least one CD8 measurement within 6 months prior to cART initiation and at least one CD8 and viral load (VL) measurement beyond 6 months after starting cART. We defined VF as VL ≥400 copies/mL after 6 months on cART. Elevated CD8 was defined as CD8 ≥1200 cells/μL. Time to VF was modeled using Cox regression analysis, stratified by site.In total, 2475 patients from 19 sites were included in this analysis, of whom 665 (27%) experienced VF in the first 4 years of cART. The overall rate of VF was 12.95 per 100 person-years. In the multivariate model, the most recent elevated CD8 was significantly associated with a greater hazard of VF (HR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.14-1.61; P = 0.001). However, the sensitivity analysis showed that time-lagged CD8 measured at least 6 months prior to our virological endpoint was not statistically significant (P = 0.420).This study indicates that the relationship between the most recent CD8 count and VF was possibly due to the CD8 cells reacting to the increase in VL rather than causing the VL increase itself. However, CD8 levels may be a useful indicator for VF in HIV-infected patients after starting cART.
    Matched MeSH terms: HIV Infections/blood
  18. Fulltext Pioneering Annual Colorectal Cancer Screening and Treatment Targeting Low Income Communities in Malaysia (20102015)
    Tze CN, Fitzgerald H, Qureshi A, Tan HJ, Low ML
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2016;17(7):3179-83.
    PMID: 27509948
    The aim of this study was to assess the rate of uptake of a customised annual Colorectal Cancer Awareness, Screening and Treatment Project (CCASTP) using faecal immunohistochemical test (FIT) kits in low income communities in Malaysia. The immediate objectives were (1) to evaluate the level of adherence of CRC screening among lowincome groups, (2) to assess the knowledge and awareness of the screened population and (3) to assess the accuracy of FIT kits. A total of 1,581 FIT kits were distributed between years 2010 to 2015 to healthy asymptomatic participants of the annual CCASTP organized by Empowered the Cancer Advocacy Society of Malaysia. Data for sociodemographic characteristics, critical health and lifestyle information of the registered subjects were collected. Findings for use of the FIT kits were collected when they were returned for stool analyses. Those testingd positive were invited to undergo a colonoscopy examination. A total of 1,436 (90.8%) of the subjects retuned the FITkits, showing high compliance. Among the 129 subjects with positive FIT results, 92 (71.3%) underwent colonoscopy. Six cases (6.5%) of CRC were found. Based on the data collected, the level of awareness of stool examination and knowledge about CRC was poor amongst the participants. Gender, age group, ethnicity and risk factors (i.e. smoking, lack of exercise and low consumption of fresh fruits) were associated with positive FITkit results. In conclusion, CRC screening can be performed in the community with a single FITkit. Although CRC knowledge and awareness is poor in lowincome communities, the average return rate of the FIT kits and rate of colonoscopy examination were 91.2% and 70.3%, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Occult Blood*
  19. Fulltext External quality assessment of dengue and chikungunya diagnostics in the Asia Pacific region, 2015
    Soh LT, Squires RC, Tan LK, Pok KY, Yang H, Liew C, et al.
    Western Pac Surveill Response J, 2016 04 22;7(2):26-34.
    PMID: 27508088 DOI: 10.5365/WPSAR.2016.7.1.002
    OBJECTIVE: To conduct an external quality assessment (EQA) of dengue and chikungunya diagnostics among national-level public health laboratories in the Asia Pacific region following the first round of EQA for dengue diagnostics in 2013.

    METHODS: Twenty-four national-level public health laboratories performed routine diagnostic assays on a proficiency testing panel consisting of two modules. Module A contained serum samples spiked with cultured dengue virus (DENV) or chikungunya virus (CHIKV) for the detection of nucleic acid and DENV non-structural protein 1 (NS1) antigen. Module B contained human serum samples for the detection of anti-DENV antibodies.

    RESULTS: Among 20 laboratories testing Module A, 17 (85%) correctly detected DENV RNA by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), 18 (90%) correctly determined serotype and 19 (95%) correctly identified CHIKV by RT-PCR. Ten of 15 (66.7%) laboratories performing NS1 antigen assays obtained the correct results. In Module B, 18/23 (78.3%) and 20/20 (100%) of laboratories correctly detected anti-DENV IgM and IgG, respectively. Detection of acute/recent DENV infection by both molecular (RT-PCR) and serological methods (IgM) was available in 19/24 (79.2%) participating laboratories.

    DISCUSSION: Accurate laboratory testing is a critical component of dengue and chikungunya surveillance and control. This second round of EQA reveals good proficiency in molecular and serological diagnostics of these diseases in the Asia Pacific region. Further comprehensive diagnostic testing, including testing for Zika virus, should comprise future iterations of the EQA.

    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/blood
  20. Fulltext Modeling of hemoglobin in dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever using bioelectrical impedance
    Ibrahim F, Ismail NA, Taib MN, Wan Abas WA
    Physiol Meas, 2004 Jun;25(3):607-15.
    PMID: 15253113 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/25/3/002
    This paper describes a model for predicting hemoglobin (Hb) by using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in dengue patients in the Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (HUKM). Bioelectrical impedance measurements were conducted on 83 (47 males and 36 females) serologically confirmed dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) patients during their hospitalization. The predictive equation for Hb was derived using multivariate analysis. We investigated all the parameters in BIA, patients' symptom and demographic data. In this developed model, four predictors (reactance (XC), sex, weight and vomiting) were found to be the best predictive factors for modeling Hb in dengue patients. However, the model can only explain approximately 42% of the variation in Hb status, thus single frequency bio-impedance stand-alone technique is insufficient to monitor Hb for the DF and DHF patients. Further investigation using multi-frequency BIA is recommended in modeling Hb to achieve the most parsimonious model.
    Matched MeSH terms: Severe Dengue/blood*
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