MATERIALS AND METHODS: This randomised, prospective study was conducted among COPD subjects admitted with exacerbation between June 2021 and August 2022. Subjects were randomly assigned to either the VIS (interventional group) or the control group. Baseline assessments, including spirometry, MIP, CAT score, and the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), were performed. Both groups commenced active cycle of breathing techniques (ACBT) and groundbased walking (GBW) training within 72 hours of admission, with daily sessions involving three repetitions of each phase to complete one cycle, repeated three times daily. The intervention group received VIS. Upon discharge, subjects were provided with a diary and instructed to continue a home-based pulmonary exercise regimen, performed for at least 15 minutes per day, 3 days a week, with compliance monitored through weekly phone calls. At the 4-week followup, repeat assessments of spirometry, MIP, maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), CAT score and 6MWT were conducted to evaluate the outcomes.
RESULTS: A total of 34 subjects with a median age of 68 years (interquartile range [IQR] 65-74.3 years). The cohort predominantly males (32 subjects, 94%). The distribution of disease severity was as follows: GOLD 2 in 15 subjects (44%) and GOLD 3 in 14 subjects (41%). Additionally, 17 subjects (50%) had experienced three or more exacerbations in the preceding year. The majority of patients (29 out of 34, 85%) had a length of stay of less than 7 days. In the interventional group, the median MIP improved from 50 cm H2O (IQR 40.5-70.5) to 59 cm H2O (IQR 39-76.5), though this was not statistically significant (p = 0.407). The control group saw an improvement from 58 cm H2O (IQR 36.5-85) to 60 cm H2O (IQR 33-88), also not statistically significant (p = 0.112). The 6MWT distance improved in the interventional group from 220 meters (IQR 118-275) to 260 meters (IQR 195-327) (p = 0.002) and in the control group from 250 meters (IQR 144-294) to 280 meters (IQR 213-359.5) (p = 0.001). The median CAT score decreased significantly in the interventional group from 22 (IQR 16-28) to 11 (IQR 7.5-13) (p < 0.001) and in the control group from 21 (IQR 14-24.5) to 10 (IQR 8-12.5) (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Early initiation of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with acute exacerbations, characterised by poor muscle strength and a history of exacerbations, resulted in significant improvements in patient-reported symptoms and 6MWT outcomes. Although there was only a numerical improvement in MIP and MEP, the intervention did not extend the length of hospital stay, highlighting its safety and efficacy in the acute care setting.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adjust to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020; this study met all the requirements and was up-todate. The search approach was online publications between 2013 and 2023 in Pubmed and SagePub. It was decided not to consider review pieces that had already been published and half done. The STATA 18th version was used for metaanalysis.
RESULTS: Our search results included 370 PubMed and 149 SagePub articles. Since 2013, 134 PubMed and nine SagePub articles have been obtained, and seven studies have met the criteria.
CONCLUSION: Disorders of intestinal motility in the aganglionic segment and accumulation of faeces disrupt the balanced microbiota population, which are factors of preoperative HAEC. Major congenital anomalies and low birth weight worsen pre-operative HAEC. Pre-operative HAEC can continue and affect the post-operative. Constipation and fecal incontinence are still the main challenges after HSCR surgery.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomised controlled trial (RCT) study involving 111 undergraduate medical students was conducted where the competency of skills was assessed by objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) in the first, fourth and seventh/eighth weeks. A cohort of 12-14 students was enrolled for each session. The randomisation of the participants into control (VAL-based teaching) and intervention (HFS-based teaching) groups was achieved by implementing the computer-based random sequence generation method. VAL-based teaching module was a fully interactive face-to-face teaching session where a prerecorded video clip was used. The video clip detailed the diagnosis of tension pneumothorax in an acute medical emergency and its management by performing needle decompression on a high-fidelity patient simulator (METIman). HFS-based teaching module was delivered as a fully interactive hands-on training session conducted on the same METIman to demonstrate the diagnosis of tension pneumothorax in an acute medical emergency and its management by performing needle decompression. OSCE scores were compared as the denominator of learning (enhancement and retention of skills) between two groups who underwent training with either VAL-based or HFS-based teachings. The OSCE assessments were used to evaluate the participants' performance as a group. These scores were used to compare the enhancement and medium-term retention of skills between the groups. The outcome was measured with the mean and standard deviation (SD) for the total OSCE scores for skills assessments. We used General Linear Model two-way mixed ANOVA to ascertain the difference of OSCE marks over assessment time points between the control and the intervention groups. ANCOVA and two-way mixed ANOVA were used to calculate the effect size and the partial Eta squared. p value less than 0.05 was taken to be statistically significant.
RESULTS: The two-way mixed ANOVA showed no statistically significant difference in mean OSCE scores between intervention and control groups (p=0.890), although the mean score of the intervention group was better than the control group.
CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that HFS was not significantly effective over VAL-based education in enhancing skills and consolidating retention among undergraduate medical students. Further research is needed to determine its suitability for inclusion in the course curriculum considering the cost-effectiveness of implementing HFS that may supplement traditional teaching methods.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Articles from Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed databases were collected following PRISMA guidelines. Key term searches included "video recording," "ethical issues," and "patients." Inclusion criteria encompassed video and audio recording interactions between healthcare providers and patients in any clinical setting, final publications, and the English language. Exclusions were imaging or photography recording and non-clinical settings. The qualitative synthesis involved iterative reading, thematic coding analysis in Excel, and specific analysis to address the research question.
RESULTS: Initial database search, identified 363 records. After screening, a total of 22 articles were included for analysis. Five themes were identified from the selected articles: i) privacy and confidentiality, ii) informed consent, iii) beneficence and non-maleficence, iv) integrity and professionalism and v) governance, policy and legal framework. Majority of the reviewed articles concentrate on backgrounds within the fields of psychiatry, neurology and surgical-based medical specialities. The identified themes have demonstrated consistency across the majority of the articles analysed. Among the most frequently discussed themes, it's evident that ethical concerns extend beyond just the patient's realm to encompass the responsibilities of the healthcare provider (HCP) as well. Both patients and HCPs have their respective rights and responsibilities in ensuring the ethical use of video recording in clinical settings.
CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this review has highlighted the multifaceted ethical challenges surrounding the integration of video recording in healthcare settings. While video recording offers benefits for patient care, education, and quality improvement, its adoption presents complexities. Ethical dilemmas concerning patient privacy, consent, and data management must be addressed alongside practical barriers like technological limitations and resource constraints. Collaboration among healthcare providers, policymakers, and stakeholders is crucial to navigating these challenges ethically. Future research should delve into patient perspectives, develop ethical guidelines, and assess the impact of video recording on patient outcomes. By understanding these implications, healthcare can effectively leverage video recording to improve patient care while maintaining ethical standards.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational studies were conducted to explore the capacity of nanoparticles to quorum quench wound pathogens.
RESULTS: A review of observational studies indicated that nanoparticles exhibit significant quorum-quenching capabilities against wound pathogens. Numerous nanoparticles, including silver, gold, and zinc oxide, have been demonstrated to inhibit QS-regulated activities, thereby reducing bacterial virulence and biofilm formation. These results suggest that nanoparticles could serve as potent agents for mitigating bacterial infections and enhancing wound healing.
CONCLUSION: Nanoparticles show considerable potential as quorum-quenching agents, effectively decreasing bacterial virulence and biofilm formation in wound pathogens. These results indicate promising applications of nanoparticles in managing bacterial infections and improving wound healing.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This scoping review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). A total of 10 studies were identified as eligible from the title and abstract review. The mixed method quality appraisal tool (MMAT) version 2018 was used to assess the quality of the included quantitative studies.
RESULTS: The results showed that poverty, unemployment, low education levels, migrant status, community support, male gender, substance abuse, and regional disparities significantly impact the occurrence of TB LTFU in Southeast Asia.
CONCLUSION: The findings have significant implications for public health in Southeast Asia. Addressing these socioeconomic barriers through community-based strategies, educational initiatives, and policy reforms is vital for improving treatment outcomes and overall public health.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This review utilises three databases (SCOPUS, Science Direct, and PubMed). The search phrases used are (Metabolomic* OR Metabolite*) for metabolomic study, (3T3-L1 OR Adipocyte OR "Adipose Tissue") for experimental design, and (Obesity) for obesity condition. Each of the search keywords was separated by an "AND" term in the databases. Other terms related to obesity, such as insulin resistance, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, muscular disorders, respiratory problems, and psychological problems were omitted because they did not contribute to the total number of studies discovered.
RESULTS: A total of 27 research publications were included in this scoping review. Most of the study focuses on metabolomics in obesity. Metabolites detected were found in various metabolic pathways including amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids as well as other metabolisms. Most of these metabolites discovered in obese conditions showed an alteration when compared to the level of the metabolite in normal conditions.
CONCLUSION: Unfortunately, these studies had some limitations in which the metabolites detected varied between the articles and the information concerning the relationship between the technique or instrument utilised and the metabolites detected in the samples were not well described. Therefore, using the findings obtained in this study, it can help to determine the direction of the study in the future.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The databases Google Scholar, Science Direct, ResearchGate, PubMed, and Scopus were searched to identify potentially relevant documents. The keywords used for the search included "motor control" OR "motor learning" OR" core stability" AND "lower crossed syndrome" AND "gait". The search includes articles published between 1970 and 2022 and written in English. It is excluded when the paper is not a full-text article. After finding the articles, the information was extracted, including author, year of publication, country, objective, type of study, and motor control analysis summary.
RESULTS: There were 107 articles retrieved from the search. but only seventeen articles were included for analysis. The finding demonstrates that LCS may associate with LBP and reduces the motor control of the core muscle stability which indirectly influences gait performance.
CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that individuals with LCS will have an alteration in their gait. However, there is still insufficient information on motor control in gait performance among lower crossed syndrome. Further research is needed to find what factors that may contribute to the adaptation of motor control in gait among LCS population.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature search was conducted independently on scientific databases: Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Web of Science (WOS). The process was carried out according to the PRISMA guidelines.
RESULT: Of the 195 studies identified, 8 articles involving 185 participants, aged 17 months to 12 years old, across six countries met the inclusion criteria. The majority of studies indicate significant improvement in social communication abilities, while one study demonstrates insignificant results and another study presents mixed outcomes, utilising two different assessment tools.
CONCLUSION: Occupational therapy has showed promise in improving social communication in children with ASD. Nonetheless, this review emphasises the need for greater indepth study and long-term evaluation to better explain and sustain these benefits. More research is needed to develop OT interventions that are both effective and evidence-based.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Systematic searches of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were conducted. Independent reviewers screened the title, abstract and full texts according to predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Articles published in English from January 2012 to March 2022 reporting the QoL of non-syndromic young patients aged 7-18 years with CL/P were included. Review articles and articles reporting the psychological adjustment of parents or other family members with CL/P were excluded.
RESULTS: 975 publications were identified, of which 20 studies met our inclusion criteria. The majority of studies reported that the CL/P condition has a negative impact on the QoL. Psychological health, functional well-being, socialemotional well-being and school environment are domains that are affected. Compared with typically developing young patients, those with CL/P had lower QoL scores even though QoL was assessed using different instruments across studies. The impact of CL/P on overall QoL scores varied by age but not gender or cleft type.
CONCLUSION: Our reviews had shown the presence of CL/P negatively affects the QoL of young patients. Psychological health is the most affected QoL domain. Understanding the impacted domain will help in planning and delivering better health care for individuals with CL/P and reducing the stigma commonly associated with CL/P. Future studies should target intervention on psychological health and consider resilience factors towards positive adjustment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This review has two parts. The first part is a scoping review of the factors associated with suicidal ideation and attempt among young people. The search was conducted in Pubmed, Scopus, and PsycInfo. The second part is the development of preventive strategies according to the identified factors. Both parts will be guided by the SEM model.
RESULTS: A total of ten studies with 45,278 participants that matched the criteria are included in this review. The review found that the risk factors for suicidal ideation among young people in LMIC are being female, psychiatric illness, psychology problem, smoking, alcohol intake, victim of abuse, bullied, and food insecurity. The preventive strategies include policy, mental healthcare services, awareness programme, and coping strategies.
CONCLUSION: More epidemiological studies are needed to evaluate the risk factors of suicide that are unique in LMIC, such as help-seeking behaviour and available mental healthcare services. Suicide prevention requires concerted effort of policymakers, healthcare services, community and individual; thus, SEM framework is suitable as a guidance for suicide prevention.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional observational retrospective study was conducted using medical records of paediatric patients with EA at our institution from January 2014 to December 2020.
RESULTS: A total of 53 children with EA were included in the study. Log-rank analysis showed that definitive surgery and thrombocytopenia were significantly associated with the survival of children with EA, with a p-value of 0.007 and 0.002, respectively, whereas, sex, EA type, pneumonia and sepsis were not (p = 0.898, 0.919, 0.255, and 0.499, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that thrombocytopenia and definitive surgery were strongly associated with the survival of children with EA with a pvalue of 0.014 (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.67 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.22-5.85]) and 0.022 (HR =0.39 [95% CI = 0.17- 0.87]), respectively.
CONCLUSION: Our study shows that thrombocytopenia might increase mortality, while definitive surgery might be beneficial for the survival of paediatric patients with EA. It implies that definitive surgery should be performed as early as necessary to prevent further morbidity and mortality. Our study comprehensively provides the survival of children with EA and links it to prognostic variables in a particular developing country. It serves as a potential research project that can be applied to the clinical setting to help clinicians manage EA better.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a scoping review of articles published from January 2012 to November 2022. This review follows the PRISMA guideline. The articles were searched through Scopus and Web of Sciences using the keywords "motor control" and "nonspecific low back pain". After finding the articles, the information was extracted, including authors, year of publication, country, objective, type of study, and motor control analysis summary.
RESULTS: The search retrieved 1318 articles; however, after a thorough selection process, only eight articles were included for further review. The factors that affect motor control were related to trunk neuromuscular adaption, the precision of trunk control, motor control changes, motor abundance, and motor control impairment in the LBP population with or without comparison to healthy subjects.
CONCLUSION: Motor control in NSLBP is affected by various factors. The pain can lead to changes in motor behavior, alignment, postural control, proprioception, and stability strategy. If the changes happen for a long time, it will cause further structural and core control changes as an adaptation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This scoping review was performed through electronic databases (PubMed and ScienceDirect) using keywords: 'spatial accessibility', 'floating catchment area' and 'factors'. Google Scholar and Mendeley Network were also used as additional sources to obtain relevant studies.
RESULTS: A total of 32 articles were included in this review. Factors identified can be distinguished into two broad categories, which are spatial and non-spatial factors. Spatial factors were remoteness or distance from the urban centre, areas in close proximity to main roads, and some specific geographical characteristics such as mountainous and deltaic regions, whereas non-spatial factors were the degree of urbanisation, population density and various demographic profiles of the population such as socioeconomic status, health need, and minority ethnic composition.
CONCLUSION: This study adds to the body of literature pertinent to the factors associated with spatial accessibility to healthcare services. These findings could give insight for researchers to consider and incorporate those additional variables to further improve the FCA-based method calculations.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Relevant, peer-reviewed, Englishlanguage articles on healthcare service quality in Malaysia were independently searched by the authors using the SCOPUS and EMERALD databases. Articles that do not directly address healthcare service quality within the Malaysian setting were excluded. Additional articles were identified from the reference lists of the selected articles and from Google search engine. A total of 43 out of 2,749 articles were selected.
RESULTS: Most of these studies (28 out of the 43 articles, 65.1%) in this scoping review used either the original or a modified version of SERVQUAL instrument to measure healthcare service quality. Significant positive relationships between tangibles, assurance and empathy with patient satisfaction were identified. As SERVQUAL primarily measures the functional dimension of service quality, this suggests that past studies on Malaysian healthcare services emphasised heavily on the functional dimension of healthcare service quality. Functional dimension refers to the expressive performance on how the healthcare service is rendered whereas technical dimension refers to the types of services rendered as well as its safety and efficacy.
CONCLUSION: A pertinent research gap identified in this review is the lack of studies that measure both technical and functional dimensions comprehensively. Future research should adopt a more holistic (incorporating both technical dimension and functional dimension) measurement of healthcare service quality.
METHODS: This scoping review uses the methodological framework of Arksey and O'Malley. A comprehensive search of academic journals (English) on this topic published from 2007 to 2017 was conducted. A total of 22 studies were selected from 585 studies screened from the electronic databases.
RESULTS: First-year stroke recurrence rates are in the range of 2.2% to 25.4%. Besides that, modifiable risk factors are significantly associated with pathophysiological factors (hypertension, ankle-brachial pressure index, atherogenic dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and atrial fibrillation) and lifestyle factors (obesity, smoking, physical inactivity, and high salt intake). Furthermore, age, previous history of cerebrovascular events, and stroke subtype are also significant influence risk factors for recurrence. A strategic secondary prevention method for recurrent stroke is health education along with managing risk factors through a combination of appropriate lifestyle intervention and pharmacological therapy.
CONCLUSION: To prevent recurrent stroke, health intervention should be geared towards changing lifestyle to embody a healthier approach to life. This is of great importance to public health and stroke survivors' quality of life.
OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aims to provide an overview of interventions to improve the adherence level to medication of MDR-TB patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A review of observational studies was conducted to discuss the accuracy, tolerability and ease of use of tonometers in measuring IOP in children with glaucoma. Three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus) were used in a scoping review. The data were synthesised using Rayyan AI. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to guide this review.
RESULTS: A total of 11 articles were included in this review to describe the various interventions in MDR-TB treatment adherence. Psychological counselling or education intervention was the most popular intervention, and it significantly increased adherence levels among MDR-TB patients. Increased adherence level patients also reported by interventions with Medication Event Reminder Monitor (MERM), Video Directly Observed Therapy (VDOT), 30-day recall and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Financial Support, mHealth Application and directly observed therapy, short course (DOTS) and DOTS-Plus programs. However, we found that Electronic Dose Monitoring (EDM) device intervention has less effect on MDR-TB patients' adherence.
CONCLUSION: The recovery of patients can be facilitated through MDR-TB treatment adherence interventions. It is acknowledged that the studies included in this review exhibit heterogeneity, with a majority showing significant improvement. Therefore, further study was required to investigate the specific on developing highly personalised interventions tailored to specific population or context, as well as to assess the cost-effectiveness of such interventions.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This scoping review selected studies published from January 2002 to November 2022. The articles were searched through PubMed Central, BMJ Journal, Science Direct, and Scopus using "motor control", "ankle sprain" and "strengthening exercise" as the keywords. After finding the articles, the information extracted included author, year of publication, country, objective, type of study, and motor control analysis summary. The literature search strategy used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and a meta-analysis (PRISMA) where studies that are related to strengthening exercise and motor control were selected.
RESULTS: From the initial search, 50 articles were found. After processing, only ten articles were further reviewed. The findings demonstrated strengthening exercises provide changes in neurophysiological parameters with motor performance, improved motor control, strength, balance, pain, and functional movement in footballers with sprained ankles.
CONCLUSION: This review suggests the application of strengthening exercise interventions not only improves motor control, but strength, balance, pain, and functional performance among footballers with sprained ankles.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This scoping review was reported in alignment with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Studies were identified through searches of five databases: Cochrane, Scopus, ProQuest, MEDLINE, and Web of Science (WoS).
RESULTS: Of the 294 articles initially identified, 20 studies were included and analysed thematically after removing duplicates. The majority of these assessments measure body function and structure such as grip and pinch strength while the rest are measuring the activity and participation domain. Most of the hand assessments were performancebased measurements. It is suggestible to employ both types of assessments to obtain a comprehensive understanding of hand conditions in individuals with DM. While some validated hand assessments were identified, only the Duruöz Hand Index (DHI) has been validated as a reliable tool specifically for evaluating hand function in individuals with DM.
CONCLUSION: There is a need to evaluate the measurement properties of existing instruments for assessing the hand function in individuals with DM, or to develop hand assessments specifically for the DM population. This scoping review was forging a new path, by discovering diabetes care through the utilisation of hand assessments.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight search engines, specifically Proquest, EbscoHost, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Garuda, were utilized to identify primary articles. Three independent reviewers assessed abstracts and full articles based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data collected encompassed information regarding the population under study, research methods employed, and primary findings pertinent to the review's objectives. Fifteen studies, published between 2014 and 2023, that met the eligibility criteria outlined in the PRISMA-ScR.
RESULTS: Among the 15 studies on normocytic anemia in pregnant women, malaria and HIV were the highest causes of normocytic anemia, followed by worm/intestinal parasite infections, chronic diseases, and bleeding.. In pregnant women, anemia of chronic disease and infection often coexists with iron deficiency anemia, both show decrease serum iron levels. Hence, other investigations need to be carried out to diagnose with certainty the cause of anemia in pregnant women.
CONCLUSION: Anemia is not a standalone disease but rather a symptom of various underlying diseases. Therefore, diagnosing anemia requires identifying the basic disease that causes anemia, rather than simply labeling it as anemia.