METHODOLOGY: A triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA)-based experimental resin infiltrate was prepared. Initial mixing was done manually for 1 h at room temperature, followed by another mix for 30 min on a magnetic stirrer. This prepared resin, called "PURE RESIN" was then further incorporated with three different types of bioactive glasses, i.e., Bioglass (45S5), boron-substituted (B-BG), and fluoride-substituted (F-BG). Initial manual mixing for 1 h, followed by ultrasonic mixing for 3 min and then proceeded for the final mixing on a magnetic stirrer for 24 h in a dark room at ambient temperature. Human-extracted teeth were demineralized, and the experimental resins were infiltrated on the demineralized surface. The surface area, pore size, and volume of the demineralized surface were measured. The microleakage and penetration depth were analyzed with the stereomicroscope and micro-CT, respectively. The samples were challenged with the pH cycle for 14 days, followed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Thermocycling (5,000 cycles) and chemical aging (4 weeks) were conducted, followed by microhardness, surface roughness, and SEM analyses. Statistical analyses were conducted after each test.
RESULTS: The F-BG group achieved the highest initial and day 14 penetration coefficients. There was a superior dye penetration with the microleakage analysis in the F-BG group. The 45S5 group had the highest average penetration depth via micro-CT analysis. After thermocycling and chemical aging, the micro-hardness was reduced (non-significantly) among all samples except the F-BG group in post-chemical aging analysis, whereas the surface roughness was significantly increased. SEM images showed the presence of micro-pits on the surfaces after the thermal and chemical aging.
CONCLUSION: The F-BG group achieved the highest initial and day 14 penetration coefficients. There was a superior dye penetration with the microleakage analysis in the F-BG group. The 45S5 group had the highest average penetration depth via micro-CT analysis. After thermocycling and chemical aging, the micro-hardness was reduced (non-significantly) among all samples except the F-BG group in post-chemical aging analysis, whereas the surface roughness was significantly increased. SEM images showed the presence of micro-pits on the surfaces after the thermal and chemical aging.
Objective: This study is aimed at predicting an effective epitope-based vaccine against glycoprotein G of Nipah henipavirus, using immunoinformatics approaches.
Methods and Materials: Glycoprotein G of the Nipah virus sequence was retrieved from NCBI. Different prediction tools were used to analyze the epitopes, namely, BepiPred-2.0: Sequential B Cell Epitope Predictor for B cell and T cell MHC classes II and I. Then, the proposed peptides were docked using Autodock 4.0 software program. Results and Conclusions. The two peptides TVYHCSAVY and FLIDRINWI have showed a very strong binding affinity to MHC class I and MHC class II alleles. Furthermore, considering the conservancy, the affinity, and the population coverage, the peptide FLIDRINWIT is highly suitable to be utilized to formulate a new vaccine against glycoprotein G of Nipah henipavirus. An in vivo study for the proposed peptides is also highly recommended.
METHODS: We analyzed data (2012-18) from the prospective cohort Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study for 1544 GCC patients ≥18 years old and on dialysis >180 days.
RESULTS: Thirty-four percent of GCC HD patients had low Kt/V (<1.2) versus 5%-17% in Canada, Europe, Japan and the USA. Across the GCC countries, low Kt/V prevalence ranged from 10% to 54%. In multivariable logistic regression, low Kt/V was more common (P