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STUDIES ON THE DISTRIBUTION AND TRANSMISSION OF MALARIA AND FILARIASIS AMONG ABORIGINES IN MALAYA

WHARTON RH, LAING AB, CHEONG WH

Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 1963 Jun;57:235-54.

House fly populations and their dispersion in Malaya with particular reference to the fly problem in the Cameron Highlands

WHARTON RH, SEOW CL, GANAPATHIPILLAI A, JABARATNAM G

Med J Malaya, 1962 Dec;17:115-31.

PMID: 14000208

Anopheles leucosphyrus identified as a vector of monkey malaria in Malaya

Wharton RH, Eyles DE, Warren M, Moorhouse DE

Science, 1962 Sep 7;137(3532):758.

PMID: 14006429 DOI: 10.1126/science.137.3532.758

Anopheles leucosphyrus, an important vector of human malaria in Sarawak, Borneo, was shown to be infected with Plasmodium inui in Malaya by the inoculation of sporozoites into an uninfected rhesus monkey. The mosquito was caught while biting a man, thus demonstrating that it would be possible for a monkey infection to be transmitted to man in nature.

Fulltext Toe-tourniquet syndrome: A rare potentially devastating entity

Baloch N, Atif M, Rashid RH, Hashmi PM

Malays Orthop J, 2015 Nov;9(3):55-57.

PMID: 28611912 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1511.008

Toe-tourniquet syndrome is a rare and commonly misdiagnosed condition caused by a hair or a fiber wrapped around digits (fingers and toes). A four months baby girl who was crying and presented with redness and swelling at her 2nd and 3rd toes of right foot. Child had red and swollen 2nd and 3rd toes of right foot with hair end protruding through wounds. Constricting hairs were cut and removed. Toetourniquet syndrome is a rare entity which is caused by hair wrapped around a toe or a digit. Diagnosis is mostly clinical. In order to prevent this condition to happen, education of parents and clinicians is a cornerstone.

Fulltext Preliminary Results of Instantaneous Centre of Rotation Change after Thoracic Instrumentation in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients

Asma A, Onal C, Eroglu ON, Berk RH

Malays Orthop J, 2022 Nov;16(3):120-127.

PMID: 36589374 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.2211.018

INTRODUCTION: The instantaneous centre of rotation (ICR) is the centre of motion with zero velocity where a rigid body moves in a particular plane. ICR, as a dynamic measurement, gives more accurate results in terms of quality and quantity of the vertebral motions compared to range of motion (ROM). We aimed to determine the effect of thoracic instrumentation on cervical movement of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients who had undergone thoracic level instrumentation by measuring pre-operative and post-operative ICR change in a pilot study.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 25 AIS patients were included in this study. C4-C5 and C6-C7 segmental ICR were determined by pre-operative and post-operative cervical flexion-extension radiographs. In addition, cervical sagittal parameters and global sagittal parameters were investigated.

RESULTS: There was no statistically significant change in ICR location post-operatively in both x and y coordinates at C4-C5 segment (p: 0.326 and p: 0.946, respectively) and C6-C7 segment (p: 0.209, p: 0.086, respectively). There was a positive correlation between LCL and C4-C5 ICR y coordinate (r: 0.481), but not with C6-C7 ICR y coordinate (r: -0.2, p: 0.398). T5-T12 kyphosis decreased (p: 0.002) and T1 pelvic angle (0.003), SVA (0.02) and sacral slope (0.049) increased significantly post-operatively. T1S was correlated with LCL (r: 0.595, p: 0.002), T5-T12 kyphosis (r: 0.423, p: 0.035), SVA (r: 0.658, p<0.001) and C2-C7 SVA (r: 0.416, p: 0.039).

CONCLUSION: The ICR for cervical region was not changed post-operatively in AIS patients with thoracic instrumentation. There was no relationship found between the development of post-operative cervical kyphosis or lordosis and ICR, which represents the quality and quantity of intervertebral motion. The T1 vertebra plays a key role for cervical, thoracic, and global parameters interaction.

Utilizing machine learning techniques to predict the blood-brain barrier permeability of compounds detected using LCQTOF-MS in Malaysian Kelulut honey

Edros R, Feng TW, Dong RH

SAR QSAR Environ Res, 2023;34(6):475-500.

PMID: 37409842 DOI: 10.1080/1062936X.2023.2230868

Current in silico modelling techniques, such as molecular dynamics, typically focus on compounds with the highest concentration from chromatographic analyses for bioactivity screening. Consequently, they reduce the need for labour-intensive in vitro studies but limit the utilization of extensive chromatographic data and molecular diversity for compound classification. Compound permeability across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a key concern in central nervous system (CNS) drug development, and this limitation can be addressed by applying cheminformatics with codeless machine learning (ML). Among the four models developed in this study, the Random Forest (RF) algorithm with the most robust performance in both internal and external validation was selected for model construction, with an accuracy (ACC) of 87.5% and 86.9% and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.907 and 0.726, respectively. The RF model was deployed to classify 285 compounds detected using liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LCQTOF-MS) in Kelulut honey; of which, 140 compounds were screened with 94 descriptors. Seventeen compounds were predicted to permeate the BBB, revealing their potential as drugs for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Our results highlight the importance of employing ML pattern recognition to identify compounds with neuroprotective potential from the entire pool of chromatographic data.

A serological survey to determine the prevalence of fungal infection in cancer patients at the Hospital Kuala Lumpur

Cheong I, Tan SC, Wong WH, Zainuddin RH, Yassin MS

Family Physician, 1994;6:9-11.

A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of fungal infection in cancer patients warded at the Hospital Kuala Lumpur. There were 138 patients included in the study: 74 with haematological malignancies and 64 with solid tumours. Serological results showed that for candidiasis 16/138 (11.5%) and 10/134 (7.5%) were greater than 1:8 reactive for antigen and antibodies respectively. For aspergillosis, 29/122 (23.8%) sera were antigen reactive. Only 1/133 each (O.SO/o) was reactive for cryptococcal antigen and antibody. The types of malignancies, the age of the patient, a history of neutropenia, the duration of the cancer, the number of courses of chemotherapy or radiotherapy were not predictive of fungal infections. In view of the high serological evidence of fungal infection and the lack of a reliable diagnostic test, empirical antifungal treatment must be considered in all febrile neutropenic cancer patients.

Fulltext Posterior intraorbital metallic foreign body: a case discussion

Vinodh VP, Sellamuthu P, Harun RH, Zenian MS

Med J Malaysia, 2014 Apr;69(2):89-91.

PMID: 25241819 MyJurnal

Intraorbital foreign body (IOFB) has been a rare phenomenon in the cases of gunshot wounds and always represents a dilemma in medical management. In Sabah, this scenario is becoming common as there is still certain population in the interiors who owns self made guns for hunting. They either present with self inflicted gunshot injuries or after being mistakenly shot while hunting. There are very few articles on this topic especially when it is located posteriorly in the orbit and occurs without visual impairment. This case reports the challenges faced in the management of the patient with a posteriorly located metallic IOFB. The appropriate management of the patient is discussed based on several international literatures. Author describes a 37 years old male farmer, who was referred from a nearby district hospital after he sustained gunshot injuries to his face and scalp. Urgent computed tomography (CT) scan showed that bullet pellets were at the left orbital floor, the left mandible and the left frontal bone. All bullet pellets were located extracranially only without intracranial involvement. Patient clinically does not have any neurologic deficit and without any visual impairment, thus he refused any surgical intervention. As there is no proper guideline in managing such cases, decision was made based on evidences from international literatures. It was concluded that metallic IOFB located in the posterior orbit may be conservatively managed with observation and regular follow-ups as they are well-tolerated and does not cause much impact on visual deterioration unless inflammation, infection, optic neuropathy or functional deficit occurs. This avoids unnecessary surgery and prevents risk of iatrogenic injury to the eye.

Spontaneous haemoperitoneum secondary to a Meckel's diverticulum

Jabar MF, Shaker AR, Gul YA

Acta Chir. Belg., 2004 Oct;104(5):596-8.

PMID: 15571033

Meckel's diverticulum is a relatively common gastrointestinal entity which occasionally causes complications. Meckel's diverticulum is classically described to mimic acute appendicitis when inflamed as well as being a cause of unexplained luminal gastrointestinal bleeding. An unusual cause of spontaneous non traumatic haemoperitoneum found during surgery performed for a suspected acute appendicitis in a 22-year old female is described. The patient was found to have a significant haemoperitoneum due to a bleeding serosal vessel of a Meckel's diverticulum. The diverticulum was routinely excised. It was macroscopically and histologically devoid of inflammation. The bleeding vessel was not found to be abnormal or part of an arteriovenous malformation.

Fulltext Serum antibodies to defined carbohydrate antigens during the course of treated leprosy

Gelber RH, Li F, Cho SN, Byrd S, Rajagopalan K, Brennan PJ

Int. J. Lepr. Other Mycobact. Dis., 1989 Dec;57(4):744-51.

PMID: 2681457

Sequential monitoring of 724 sera for antibodies to a neoantigen based on phenolic glycolipid-I (PGL-I) and native lipoarabinomannan (LAM) in 90 leprosy patients undergoing therapy in San Francisco was conducted. Untreated lepromatous patients frequently (91%) had significant antibodies to both moieties. Antibodies were less frequently found in tuberculoid patients (74% to neoantigen and 37% to LAM). In the first 3 years of treatment, average serum antibodies to both moieties fell significantly. Antibodies to LAM fell during each of the first 4 years of therapy, but decreasing antibody levels to the PGL-I neoantigen did not appear to fall consistently after the third year of treatment. A wide variation in the rate of fall of serum antibodies was noted. Sequential changes in the amounts of serum antibodies to the neoantigen and LAM in general paralleled one another but were at times discrepant. Both in San Francisco and Malaysia, skin-smear negative, long-term treated, lepromatous leprosy patients frequently harbored significant antibodies to both PGL-I and LAM.

High prevalence of poor sleep quality among secondary school students in Malaysia

Vignesh R, Ganesh SS, Vengata Subramani M, Ravindran M, Abdul Karim RH

Med J Malaysia, 2018 12;73(6):444.

PMID: 30647230

No abstract provided.

Direct and correlated responses to artificial selection on male mating frequency in the stalk-eyed fly Cyrtodiopsis dalmanni

Rogers DW, Baker RH, Chapman T, Denniff M, Pomiankowski A, Fowler K

J Evol Biol, 2005 May;18(3):642-50.

PMID: 15842493

Traditionally it was thought that fitness-related traits such as male mating frequency, with a history of strong directional selection, should have little additive genetic variance and thus respond asymmetrically to bidirectional artificial selection. However, recent findings and theory suggest that a balance between selection for increased male mating frequency and opposing selection pressures on physiologically linked traits will cause male mating frequency to have high additive genetic variation and hence respond symmetrically to selection. We tested these hypotheses in the stalk-eyed fly, Cyrtodiopsis dalmanni, in which males hold harems comprising many females and so have the opportunity to mate at extremely high frequencies. We subjected male stalk-eyed flies to artificial selection for increased ('high') and decreased ('low') mating frequency in the presence of ecologically realistic, high numbers of females. High line males mated significantly more often than control or low line males. The direct response to selection was approximately symmetric in the high and low lines, revealing high additive genetic variation for, and no significant genetic constraints on, increased male mating frequency in C. dalmanni. In order to investigate trade-offs that might constrain male mating frequency under natural conditions we examined correlated responses to artificial selection. We measured accessory gland length, testis length and eyespan after 7 and 14 generations of selection. High line males had significantly larger accessory glands than low line males. No consistent correlated responses to selection were found in testis length or eyespan. Our results suggest that costs associated with the production and maintenance of large accessory glands, although yet to be identified, are likely to be a major constraint on mating frequency in natural populations of C. dalmanni.

Fulltext Multiple species of scuttle flies (Diptera: Phoridae) as contaminants in forensic entomology laboratory insect colony

Zuha RM, Jenarthanan LX, Disney RH, Omar B

Trop Biomed, 2015 Sep;32(3):568-72.

PMID: 26695221 MyJurnal

In forensic entomology, larval rearing usually includes the presence of biological contaminants including scuttle flies (Diptera: Phoridae). Scuttle flies are recognized as forensically important insects and have been reported causing nuisance and contamination in laboratory environments. This paper reports for the first time the finding of multiple scuttle fly species affecting colonies of third instar larvae of the Oriental latrine blowfly, Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), reared indoors at the Forensic Science Simulation Site, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Adult scuttle flies were discovered inside a rearing container after the emergence of adult C. megacephala., The scuttle fly species are Megaselia scalaris (Loew), M. spiracularis Schmitz and Puliciphora borinquenensis (Wheeler). Notes on the life history and biology of these species are discussed herein.

MALARIA IN PERLIS

SANDOSHAM AA, WHARTON RH, EYLES DE, WARREN M, CHEONG WH

Med J Malaysia, 1963 Sep;18:46-51.

PMID: 14064298

Characterisation of a drug resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum from Sabah

Clyde DF, McCarthy VC, Gilman RH, Miller RM

J Trop Med Hyg, 1973 Sep;76(9):226-30.

PMID: 4582746

Haemoglobin E-hereditary elliptocytosis in Malayan aborigines

Lie-Injo LE, Fix A, Bolton JM, Gilman RH

Acta Haematol., 1972;47(4):210-6.

PMID: 4625303

STUDIES TO DETERMINE THE VECTORS OF MONKEY MALARIA IN MALAYA

WHARTON RH, EYLES DE, WARREN M, CHEONG WH

Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 1964 Mar;58:56-77.

PMID: 14147666

THE SUCEPTIBILITY OF MALAYAN ANOPHELINES TO PLASMODIUM CYNOMOLGI BASTIANELLII

WARREN M, EYLES DE, WHARTON RH, KONG OY

Indian J Malariol, 1963 Mar;17:85-105.

PMID: 14274297

Studies on filariasis in Malaya: pilot experiments in the control of filariasis due to Wuchereria malayi in East Pahang

WHARTON RH, EDESON JF, WILSON T, REID JA

Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 1958 Jul;52(2):191-205.

PMID: 13559957

Fulltext INVESTIGATIONS LEADING TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF MEMBERS OF THE ANOPHELES UMBROSUS GROUP AS THE PROBABLE VECTORS OF MOUSE DEER MALARIA

Wharton RH, Eyles DE, Warren M, Moorhouse DE, Sandosham AA

Bull World Health Organ, 1963;29:357-74.

PMID: 14058228

Although mosquitos of the Anopheles umbrosus group have long been recognized as important vectors of human malaria in Malaya, there have been doubts about the origin of some of the malaria infections found, especially in A. umbrosus and A. letifer. Investigations have accordingly been carried out in the Malayan swamp-forest, in conjunction with laboratory studies, into the nature of malaria infections in wild-caught mosquitos, the biting behaviour of anophelines and the presence of malaria infection in man and animals. The authors conclude from the results reported in this paper that A. umbrosus is a vector of mouse deer malaria and rarely, if ever, transmits primate malaria; that A. letifer transmits both human and mouse deer malaria; and that A. baezai and A. roperi are probably vectors of mouse deer malaria.

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