The paucity of published literature on periodontal treatment needs and services in developing countries has undermined the significance of periodontal disease burden on healthcare systems. This study analyses periodontal status and population treatment needs of Malaysians, and patterns of periodontal services provided at public sector dental clinics. A retrospective approach to secondary data analysis was employed. Data for population treatment needs were extracted from three decennial national oral health surveys for adults (1990, 2000 and 2010). Annual reports from the dental subsystem of the government Health Information Management System (HIMS) provided information on oral health care delivery for years 2006-2010. They were based on summaries of aggregated data; analyses were limited to reporting absolute numbers and frequency distributions. Periodontal disease prevalence declined between 1990 (92.8%) to 2000 (87.2%) but a sharp rise was observed in the 2010 survey (94.0%). The proportion of participants demonstrating periodontal pockets of 6 mm and more increased in 2010 survey after showing improvements in 2000. Individuals not requiring periodontal treatment (TN0) increased in proportion from 1990 to 2000, only to drop in 2010. An increase in utilisation was observed alongside a growing uptake of periodontal procedures (62.2% in 2006 to 73.6% in 2010). Only about 10% of treatment was surgeries. While the clinical burden of periodontal disease is observed to be substantial, the types of treatment provided did not reflect the increasing needs for complex periodontal treatment. Emphasis on downstream and multi-collaborative efforts of oral health care is deemed fit to contain the burden of periodontal disease.
Health care has emerged as one of the fastest growing industry worldwide. This induced health care costto rise tramendously. However, it is important to preserve high quality health care services that are equitable and affordable. In many countries, people are expected to contribute to the cost of the health care. Are populations ready to accept the concept and willing to pay for health financing scheme? What possible factors that may associate with their decision? This is the objective of the study, to examine the relevance evidence for this through a systematic review of literatures.We systematically searched Ovid MEDLINE and Google Schoolar databases until April 2016. We assessed the study population willingness to pay for health financing scheme and determine the significant variables that associate with WTP. 19 full-text articles were included in the review. Factors that were found significantly associated with WTP for health financing scheme by many studies were age, education, income and residential locality. Other factors that also found associated with WTP were health care services utilization and expenditure. The review findings showed that WTP for health financing scheme is beyond the households’ financial capacity and has multifactorial influences.
The Malaysia Diagnosis Related Group (MY-DRG®), established since 2002, is a patient classification system that stratifies disease severity and categories patients into iso-resource groups. Casemix can be used to estimate costs per episode of care and as a provider payment tool in health services. Casemix has also been used to enhance quality and improve the efficiency of health services. Hence, estimation cost per DRG is important especially in developing countries where costing data are still scarce. We embarked on a study to determine the costs of the diagnostics laboratory services for each MY-DRG® based on the severity of illnesses. Most costing studies for diagnostic laboratory services usually focus on the cost of consumables and equipment alone and employed the step-down costing method. Very few studies applied Activity-Based Costing (ABC) method to estimate the costs for diagnostic laboratory services. This study was done with the purpose of developing the diagnostics laboratory cost using the ABC method. All medical cases discharged from UKM Medical Centre (UKMMC) in 2011 grouped into MY-DRG® were included in this study. In 2011, a total of 2.7 million diagnostic laboratory investigations were carried out in the Department of Diagnostic Laboratory Services in UKMMC. ABC was conducted from January to December 2013 in all units of the department. Cost of 242 types of diagnostic laboratory services were collected using a costing format. Out of 25,754 cases, 16,173 (62.8%) cases were from the medical discipline. After trimming using L3H3 method, 15,387 cases were included in the study. Most of the cases were on severity level one (44.6%), followed by severity level two (32.3%) and severity level three (23.1%). The highest diagnostic laboratory service weight was for Lymphoma & Chronic Leukemia, severity level III (C-4-11-III) with the value of 5.9609. Information on seven cost components was collected form each procedure: human resources, consumables, equipment, reagents, administration, maintenance and utilities. The results revealed that, the biggest cost component for human resources was in Molecular Genetic Unit (89.6%), consumables (34.8%) from Tissue Culture Unit, equipment (11.2%) and reagents (68.1%) from Specialized Haemostasis Unit. In conclusion, the accurate and reliable cost of the diagnostic laboratory services can be determined using ABC. Top management of the department should be able to use the output of the study to take appropriate steps to reduce unnecessary wastages of resources in the various units of the services.
Health care has emerged as one of the fastest growing industry worldwide. This induced health care costto rise tramendously. However, it is important to preserve high quality health care services that are equitable and affordable. In many countries, people are expected to contribute to the cost of the health care. Are populations ready to accept the concept and willing to pay for health financing scheme? What possible factors that may associate with their decision? This is the objective of the study, to examine the relevance evidence for this through a systematic review of literatures.We systematically searched Ovid MEDLINE and Google Schoolar databases until April 2016. We assessed the study population willingness to pay for health financing scheme and determine the significant variables that associate with WTP. 19 full-text articles were included in the review. Factors that were found significantly associated with WTP for health financing scheme by many studies were age, education, income and residential locality. Other factors that also found associated with WTP were health care services utilization and expenditure. The review findings showed that WTP for health financing scheme is beyond the households’ financial capacity and has multifactorial influences.
Falls are the most common injury causing death or long term disability particularly among children. This study aimed to identify the risk factors of the unintentional injuries due to falls in children aged less than five years in Yemen. This cross sectional study enrolled a total of 439 children under five years old from the emergency department of 6 hospitals in Sana'a city. Multistage sampling was used to select six hospitals from public and private sectors in Sana'a city. Face to face interviews were conducted by using a structured questionnaire. Simple logistic regression and multiple logistic regression were used in the analysis. The prevalence of falls among children under five years old was 21.2%. In the multivariate analysis, factors associated with falls among children were young mother (aOR= 0.9, 95% CI 0.81-0.91), working of mother (aOR= 4.5 95% CI 2.40-7.65), frequent family social gatherings (aOR= 2.7, 95% CI 1.54-4.61), number of children at home (aOR= 2.6, 95% CI 1.43-4.64), chewing khat by father (aOR= 2.4, 95% CI 1.38-4.10), presence of staircase in the house (aOR= 2.1, 95% CI 1.24-3.70), number of rooms at home (aOR= 2.2, 95% CI 1.17-3.99) and disabled children (aOR= 3.3, 95% CI 1.20-9.27). In the study, socio-economic and cultural factors such as family gathering and chewing khat were associated with home fall injury among children under 5 years old in Yemen. Health promotion program should take place to reduce the occurrence of fall injury.
Aedes mosquito-borne Dengue morbidity is predominantly high in the tropics and subtropics regions. Dengue is also a
public health problem in Malaysia since the first epidemic in 1973. Reducing the vector population and personal
protection still plays an important role in dengue prevention and control. With the information of community’s dengue
knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP), the authorities could construct evidence-based, community- empowered vector
control program. Upon the understanding of the value of baseline data, a cross-sectional study was carried out in dengue
hotspot areas in Seberang Takir using universal sampling. The study results showed that 54.6% of the population had high
level of knowledge, 18.6% had good attitude and 91.7% were performing good practices against Dengue infection. After
adjusting confounding variables, age and educational levels of respondents, knowledge as well as attitude were found to
be significant associated factors for having good practice against Dengue. The study findings provide the need for further
information to undertake a holistic approach which is in need of community participation and cooperatio
Purpose of the present study was to assess effect of work-family conflict (along with its four dimensions) on physical health status. In particular, we examined the mediating role of health related behaviors on the linkage between all dimensions of work-family conflict and physical health status. The current cross-sectional research was conducted among 567 women who were working in the public departments of Malaysia. Self-administrated questionnaire was used for data collection. Our findings showed that work-family conflict (along with its four dimensions) significantly and negatively correlated with physical health status. The findings from mediational analysis showed that all dimensions of work-family conflict indirectly deteriorate physical health status via increasing the chance of not using food strategies. However, our results did not support the mediating function of physical activity on the proposed relationship. Results of the current study indicated that women with greater level of work-family conflict are more likely to suffer from poor physical health status. Having multiple strategies for managing food and eating reduce the adverse effect of work-family conflict on physical health. Organizations may benefit from Family Friendly Policies (FFP) that can alleviate level of conflict and eventually avoid or decrease rate of engagement in unhealthy behavior that have detrimental effect on health status.
The computer is well known as one of the important tools in the office that gives a lot of benefits but silently leads to musculoskeletal pain. There are many different kinds of musculoskeletal complaints pain but the most common seen among computer users in developed countries is the complaint of arm, neck and shoulder (CANS). Despite this, definite factors that can be associated with the prevalence of CANS have not been established. This study was conducted to identify the prevalence and factors associated with work-related complaints of arm, neck and shoulder (CANS) among office workers in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur. A survey study design was conducted where 110 (n=110) office workers were recruited from around the Selangor and Kuala Lumpur area for 5 months periods. Participants were required to answer the Maastricht Upper Extremity Questionnaire (MUEQ) and the Level of Ergonomic Knowledge Questionnaire. The study showed the highest percentage of CANS reported was at neck region (53.6% of participants), followed by shoulders with 53.0%. The majority of participants have low level of computer ergonomic awareness where only 19.09% (n=21) from government sector and 10% (n=11) office workers from private sector reported knowledge of ergonomics. Majority of the participants did not have the know-how in implementing correct computer ergonomics. However there was a weak association (r=
The aim of this study was to describe the sociodemographic aspect, clinical presentation and laboratory support, behaviour factor and vector situation of dengue outbreak. Data was obtained from standard investigation format of 84 cases of suspected dengue fever in two main outbreaks localities in Temerloh District from December 2001 to January 2002. The result showed that most of the cases occurred among 11 years old and above, especially in the age group of 11 to 20 years old. Students and female were the most high risk groups. Rashes and petechiae were more prevalent in Taman Sri Semantan which reflect the case incidence there. Serological result showed that seroprevalence for IgM was 66.1 %. Based on dengue rapid test, secondary infection was more prevalent in Taman Sri Kemuning whereas those in Taman Sri Semantan had more primary infection. About 25% of the cases came late to hospital for treatment. Both localities had different mosquito breeding areas. Further studies are needed to identify behaviour aspect of the population with regard to dengue fever in previous main outbreak localities. A more valid and rapid serological test is required for better case identification.
Keywords: Dengue outbreak, risk factors, patient factor, clinical finding, serological test
This study was conducted to determine the proportion and factors associated with periodontal disease among younger adult attended Al Fatah Dental Faculty in Libya. A cross sectional study with universal sampling methods was carried out from July 2010 until September 2010 among 70 Libyan subjects aged between 20-35 years. The data in this study was collected using self administrated questionnaire, followed by oral examination done by trained dentists. The results of this study showed that, the prevalence of periodontal disease in Libyan subjects was 75.7%. Gender, oral care habits, smoking were found significantly associated with presence of periodontal disease. Gingivitis has been found the most common types of periodontal disease (94%). High percentage of periodontal disease in this study was among men (87.9%) compared to women (69.9%). In conclusion, modifiable factors like changing lifestyle such as avoiding smoking and practicing oral care can be promoted to prevent periodontitis.
Maternal Home-based Record (MHR) is a concise medical record that can be kept by the pregnant women for regular documentation throughout pregnancy stages. This study was done to assess the usage of the MHR among the pregnant women and its associated factors. A good MHR usage was assigned using mean value as cut-off point that has been agreed by an expert group from scoring system which incorporates usage elements in term of follow-up, information documentation, knowledge seeking, continuity of care and self-monitoring of pregnancy. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) and a total of 79 pregnant women who attended the antenatal clinic were recruited. A validated self-administered questionnaire was used. The questionnaire was newly developed in Bahasa Malaysia. Content validity and reliability test for internal consistency for the knowledge, satisfaction and usage scale was performed. The Cronbach’s Alpha value for each domain was 0.764, 0.716 and 0.877 respectively. The results showed that the prevalence of good MHR usage was 51.3%. There were significant association found between level of education (Adj OR=0.32, 95% CI 0.12, 0.85, p=0.023) and doctor as birth attendant in previous pregnancies (Adj OR= 2.54, 95% CI 1.97, 6.59, p=0.045) with good usage of MHR. There was a positive significant relationship between satisfaction level among the respondent and the level of the usage (p=0.01, r=0.377), whereby with every increase in 1 score in satisfaction level will increase the usage score by 0.4 (95% CI 0.2 to 0.7) units, p<0.01. Therefore, MHR is still relevant as antenatal care monitoring instruments and it is important to make an effort to improve patient satisfaction in using MHR. Health care providers can use this validated self-administered questionnaire to assess function of MHR to remain relevant to the pregnant women population in their locality.
Key words: Antenatal care, home-based maternal record, usage, satisfaction
Study site: Antenatal clinic, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Noncommunicable diseases are the number one killer globally and it could develop due to various risk factors. This cross-sectional study was aimed to identify these risk factors by assessing body mass index, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio and blood pressure and to find out the correlation between these risk factors, and cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity level. The study samples were 103 students from two universities in Negeri Sembilan state selected by the convenience sampling method. After ethical clearance, International Physical Activity Questionnaire-short form in English was used to assess the physical activity level. The cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by the Rockport one mile walk test and the other parameters were assessed following the standard protocols. The percentage of overweight (32.04%) and pre-hypertension (25.24%) were higher among students. 35.92% of students reported a low physical activity level and 46.6% having a lower fitness level (fair and poor). The physical activity level correlated with the cardiorespiratory fitness level (P<0.01). The body mass index (P<0.01) and systolic blood pressure (male P 0.05, female P<0.01) negatively correlated with the cardiorespiratory fitness level. Therefore, measures have to be taken to improve the physical activity level and cardiorespiratory fitness to lower the risk of overweight and high blood pressure among university students.
The communities settled in this traditional flood-prone area are potentially at risk of frequent inundation. This
compelled the affected population to cope or adapt some strategy to reduce the negative impacts on their lives. The
objective of this study was to explore the coping approach among the residents in a flood affected traditional village in
Kuala Nerus, Terengganu and determine its associated factors. A cross sectional study which involved 210 adults who
lived in traditional village houses was conducted from April to May 2015. Universal sampling was applied. This
community-based study was part of the curriculum requirement for undergraduate medical students of UniSZA. The
participants’ background, experience during the recent flood and their coping response were assessed using selfadministered
validated Malay version Brief COPE inventory that consists of three domains (emotion-focused, problemfocused
and less-useful), 14 subscales and 30 items. The mean (SD) age of participants were 46.7(15.54) years with
almost equal sex ratio. Most of the participants were married (78.1%) and unemployed (54.8%). The most common coping
approach applied by the villagers was emotion-focused followed by problem-focused and less-useful coping. There were
four adjusted variables significantly associated with higher total coping score namely awareness on evacuation site
(b=5.38, 95%CI:1.68,9.08, p=0.005), knowledge on health risk of flood (b=3.79, 95%CI:0.92,6.66, p=0.010), discussed on
flood preparedness with family (b=2.50, 95%CI:0.84,4.16, p=0.003) and stored food before flood (b=4.506, 95%CI
1.67,7.34, p=0.002). The emotion-focused coping was the most preferred coping approach among the villagers. A
significant better coping was associated with the villagers who were aware of the gazetted evacuation site and have
knowledge on the flood health hazard. The villagers who planned with their family and practiced storage of adequate
food as part of household preparedness also demonstrated significant higher coping level.
A cross sectional survey was conducted in Kampung Datuk Kerarnat, an urbanized residential area in Kuala Lumpur from August to November ZOO5 to assess knowledge, attitude and preventive practices on dengue among its residents. A two stage sampling strategy was used to select survey household. An adult aged at least 21 years old was identified from each selected household and interviewed using a standardized questionnaire. Data was collected on demographics, dengue related KAP and house-types. Knowledge, attitude and practice were assessed using a scoring system. Each appropriate answer was given a point and the points for each section of the questionnaire were totalled. Knowledge was assessed as ‘good' or ‘moderate to poor’ based on arbitrary cut-off point. Out of 133 respondents interviewed, 78.2% were able to identify at least one clinical sign of dengue, 73% knew that dengue fever was caused by the bite of dengue infected Aedes mosquitoes, 71 % correctly identified breeding sites, 69.2% correctly identified the Aedes mosquito and 42% correctly reported biting times ofthe mosquito vector. Overall, knowledge
was categorized as poor, attitude was good and dengue control and prevention practices was moderately poor. There was a weak but significant positive correlation between knowledge and practice (r=0.271, p=0.002) but there was no significant correlation between attitude with practice and between attitude with knowledge (p>0.05) . The results suggested that inspite of good attitude l
on dengue fever, it did not correlate with good practices and good knowledge in dengue prevention. We conclude that there is a need to increase health promotion activities to increase knowledge which forms the basis for preventive practices as part of the strategy to control dengue. Preventive strategies are the only means of controlling the disease.
Merokok merupakan amalan yang dimulakan sewaktu usia remaja. Beberapa kajian yang dijalankan terdahulu di negara maju mendapati keluarga mernpakan faktor penyumbang kepada amalan ini. Meskipun pelbagai kajian di negara·negara rnaju, namun tidak banyak kajian berkaitan aspek ini yang dilaporkan di negara ini. Data kajian lverkait dengan pembolehubah kekeluargaan iaitu hubungan kekeluargaan, pandangan remaja tentang reaksi ibu bapa terhadap amalan rnerokok, struktur keluarga, jumlah ahli keluarga, status merokok di kalangan ibu bapa dan jantina dengan amalan merokok diperolehi dari 251 pelajarpelajar sekolah menengah (Tingkatan 5) (48.2% lelaki dan 51.8%
perempuan} di Daerah Kota Ting?. Johon Kajian ini mendapati sikap ibu bapa yang negatif dan bapa yang tidak merokok merupakan faktor pelindung dari amalan merokok. Hasil kajian mencadangkan faktor kekeluargaan memainkan peranan dalam mempengaruhi amalan merokok di kalangan jantina. Institusi kekeluargaan hendaklah dilibatkan dalam program pencegahan amalan merokok di kalangan remaja.
Peningkatan mutu penjagaan kesihatan menyaksikan peningkatan populasi wargatua di Malaysia. Antara gejab yang menjejaskan taraf kesihatan wargatua adalah rnorbiditi akibat amalan merokok. Meskipun pelbagai kajian tentang merokok telah dijalankan di negara ini, namun ttclak banyak yang berkaitan dengan amalan merokok di kalangan wargatua di Malaysia. Perbezaan faktor sosio ekonomi dan pengetahuan tentang amalan merolook di kalangan 850 responden lelaki berusia 60 tahun dan ke atas yang mengambil bahagian di dalam kajian peringkat kebangsaan sempena Kempen Cara Hidup Sihat 2002 dikaji. Maklumat tentang status merokok, pengetahuan dan sikap diperolehi melalui temubual bersemuka menggunakan borang soal selidik berstruktur. Prevalen merokok di kalangan responden adalah 39.2%. Prevalen diclapati paling tinggi di kalangan golongan bertaraf sosio ekonomirendah. Pengetahuan tentang bahaya amalan merokok berbeza mengikut status perokok. Perokok mempunyai pengetahuan yang lebih rendah, sikap yang lebih negatif tentang amalan merokok serta tanggapan risiko penyakit akibat amalan merokok yang lebih rentlah berbanding dengan bekas perokok dan yang tidak pemah rnerokok. Amalan merokok merupakan masalah yang masih membelenggu wargatua lelaki di negara ini. Prevalen merokok di kalangan wargatua Malaysia pada kadar 39 .2% adalah birth tinggi jikidibandingkanhdengan Amerika Syarikat (12%) dan China (26%). Program anti merokok yang mementingkan peningkatan pengetahuan dan sokongan kepada mereka yang ingin berhenti merokok dasar wargatua. Ini untuk meningkatkan kualiti kehidupan wargatua dengan mencegah penyakit kronik berkaitan dengan merokok.
The physiotherapy services have played major roles as a part of rehabilitation components and emerging in most hospitals throughout Malaysia as well as internationally. As such, there is still a lack of scientific research and reporting about the finding of service quality studies in physiotherapy services at teaching hospitals settings in Malaysia. This study was to assess the level of patients' satisfaction and its contributing factors as well as to assess the quality of physiotherapy services at teaching hospitals in Klang Valley. The cross sectional study was conducted from March until July 2011 among outpatients (311 patients) who has been referred to the Physiotherapy Clinics at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) and Universiti Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) in Klang Valley. Patients were recruited using simple random sampling technique and data were collected by using the validated self-administered Service Quality (SERVQUAL) Questionnaire. About 62.4% respondents in teaching hospitals have met their expectation. ‘Assurance’ showed the highest satisfaction score and ‘Caring Services’ showed the lowest satisfaction score among the entire dimension studied. The factors which significantly influence patient satisfaction include age, education status, working status and number of visit. There are relationships between patient satisfaction with SERVQUAL, Outcome and Corporate Culture components. However, the predictors contributed for overall patient satisfaction at Physiotherapy Clinics at teaching hospitals was not influenced by factors studied (p>0.05). The levels of satisfaction that met patients’ expectation is ‘Moderate’ for teaching hospitals and the ‘Caring Services’ should be focus in order to improve the level of patient satisfaction.
Study site: Physiotherapy department, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM) and University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC)
Worldwide maternal mortality rate had reduced tremendously including Malaysia. At the 2000 Millenium Summit, eight Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) were established with target for the year 2015. Three years remained until the deadline to achieve MDG5, which comprised of two targets and one being reducing the maternal mortality ratio by 75%.This review compared the trend of maternal mortality and its causes in our centre to the national data. The national data had shown a reduction from 44 to 27.6 in 100,000 live births in1991 and 2008 respectively. The subsequent rate had stabilized for the past seven years. In contrast the UKM Medical Centre (UKMMC) data in the past 15 years had not been stable. The target of MDG5 seemed to be achievable by our country but may require longer time as we have yet to find ways to overcome medical care inadequacy in remote areas.
A balanced dietary intake plays an important role in the prognosis of breast cancer and is one of the modifiable factors in preventing cancer recurrence. This study aims to determine the dietary intake among breast cancer survivors in East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 125 breast cancer survivors, aged 37 to 72 years, with mean duration of survivorship of 6.1 ± 3.9 years were recruited from two main referral hospitals in Terengganu and Kelantan. Majority of the respondents were Malay (94.4%) with a mean BMI of 27.7 ± 5.07 kg/m², and were diagnosed with stage II cancer (66.0%). Dietary intake was estimated using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The results show that the mean daily intake of energy was 1764 ± 378 kcal/day, protein was 72.38 ± 33.6 g/day (16.5% of energy), carbohydrate was 243.0 ± 62.2 g/day (55% of energy) and fat was 55.8 ± 15.6 g/day (28% of energy). Overall, breast cancer survivors in this study had an adequate daily intake of vitamins and minerals according to Malaysian Recommended Nutrient Intakes (RNI) except for dietary fibre (10.6 ± 4.2 g/day), monounsaturated fatty acids (20.7 ± 5.7 g/day), polyunsaturated fatty acids (8.0 ± 2.2 g/day), calcium (561.0 ± 257.1 mg/day), iron (18.3 ± 7.2 mg/day) and potassium (1813.4 ± 531.1 mg/day) which was lower than the recommendation. Meanwhile, intake of sodium (2592 ± 1697 mg/day), protein (80.4 ± 33.6 g/day), saturated fatty acids (26.9 ± 14.2 g/day), vitamin B2 (1.9 ± 1.1 mg/day) and vitamin C (151.1 ± 149.3 mg/day) exceeded the recommendation by 135.0%, 139.0%, 166.9%, 154.6% and 152.0%, respectively. There was no significant difference in dietary intake between cancer survivors who were diagnosed in the past five years and those who were diagnosed more than five years ago (p>0.05) except for fat (p<0.001), saturated fatty acid (p=0.006), monounsaturated fatty acid (p=0.005) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (p=0.003). As a conclusion, breast cancer survivors in East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia had an adequate intake of most nutrients except for dietary fibre, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, calcium, iron and potassium which was below the recommendation and sodium, protein, saturated fatty acids, vitamin B2, vitamin C which was above the recommendation. The intakes between long-term and short-term survivors were also comparable showing sustained dietary intake throughout survivorship.
This paper explains Needlestick and Sharp Injuries among Healthcare Workers in Saudi Hospitals. Presently there are number of factors that are responsible for health care workers injuries. Lack of secure environment and ignorance to safety measures can lead to injuries due to Needlestick and Sharp objects. There is a significant need of providing better working environment for health care workers in Saudi Arabia. Following daily practices and World Health Organization’s measures for taking the preventive steps for these injuries is necessary. Trying to avoid utilizing needles whenever secure and efficient substitutes are present, providing needle containers, avoiding re-capping and wearing gloves on both hands are some of the measures that could be taken to make sure these problems do not recur.