Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 2470 in total

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  1. Survival and prognostic factors of motor neuron disease in a multi-ethnic Asian population
    Goh KJ, Tian S, Shahrizaila N, Ng CW, Tan CT
    Amyotroph Lateral Scler, 2011 Mar;12(2):124-9.
    PMID: 21039118 DOI: 10.3109/17482968.2010.527986
    Our objective was to determine the survival and prognostic factors of motor neuron disease (MND) in a multi-ethnic cohort of Malaysian patients. All patients seen at a university medical centre between January 2000 and December 2009 had their case records reviewed for demographic, clinical and follow-up data. Mortality data, if unavailable from records, were obtained by telephone interview of relatives or from the national mortality registry. Of the 73 patients, 64.4% were Chinese, 19.2% Malays and 16.4% Indians. Male: female ratio was 1.43: 1. Mean age at onset was 51.5 + 11.3 years. Onset was spinal in 75.3% and bulbar in 24.7% of the patients; 94.5% were ALS and 5.5% were progressive muscular atrophy (PMA). Overall median survival was 44.9 + 5.8 months. Ethnic Indians had shorter interval from symptom onset to diagnosis and shorter median survival compared to non-Indians. On Cox proportional hazards analysis, poor prognostic factors were bulbar onset, shorter interval from symptom onset to diagnosis and worse functional score at presentation. In conclusion, age of onset and median survival duration are similar to previous reports in Asians. Clinical features and prognostic factors are similar to other populations. In our cohort, ethnic Indians had more rapid disease course accounting for their shorter survival.
    Matched MeSH terms: Motor Neuron Disease/ethnology*
  2. Comparison of propofol consumption and recovery time in Caucasians from Italy, with Chinese, Malays and Indians from Malaysia
    Ortolani O, Conti A, Chan YK, Sie MY, Ong GS
    Anaesth Intensive Care, 2004 Apr;32(2):250-5.
    PMID: 15957725
    Differences in sensitivity to anaesthetic drugs may exist among different ethnic groups. Allelic variants for drug metabolizing isoenzymes and pharmacokinetic differences may account for a variable response to some anaesthetic drugs. This study was designed to compare propofol consumption and recovery characteristics in four ethnic groups: Chinese, Malays, and Indians in Malaysia and Caucasians in Italy. Patients undergoing total intravenous anaesthesia with propofol and fentanyl were evaluated for propofol consumption and recovery time. The Bispectral Index (BIS) was used to maintain the same anaesthesia depth in all patients. The BIS value, the response to verbal stimuli and eye-opening time were used to assess recovery. After propofol discontinuation the BIS values returned to baseline in 11+/-4.2 min for Caucasians, in 12.5+/-5.1 min for Chinese, 15.9+/-6.3 min for Malays and 22.1+/-8.1 for Indians. Time to eye-opening was 11.63+/-4.2 min in Caucasians, 13.23+/-4.9 min in Chinese, 16.97+/-5.2 min in Malays and 22.3+/-6.6 min in Indians. The propofol consumption was significantly lower in Indians compared to the other three groups (P<0.01). The recovery of Indians was much slower compared to Chinese, Malays and Caucasians. The recovery time of Malays is significantly slower compared to Chinese and Caucasians. Differences in propofol consumption and recovery time were not significant between Chinese and Caucasians, but the ratio recovery time/propofol consumption was significantly lower in Caucasians compared to all the other groups.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology; Italy/ethnology; Malaysia/ethnology
  3. Association of azoospermia factor region deletions in infertile male subjects among Malaysians
    Hussein AA, Vasudevan R, Patimah I, Prashant N, Nora FA
    Andrologia, 2015 Mar;47(2):168-77.
    PMID: 24528375 DOI: 10.1111/and.12240
    Azoospermia factor region (AZF) deletions (AZFa, AZFb, AZFc and AZFd) in the Y chromosome were analysed in male infertility subjects in various populations with conflicting results. This study comprised of 54 infertile males and 63 fertile controls, and the frequency of AZFa, AZFb, AZFc and AZFd deletions were determined using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as well as real-time PCR-high resolution melting analysis-based methods. The results of this study showed that, three of 54 cases (5.55%) had AZF (a, b and c) deletions (two had AZFc and one had AZFa deletions). Four cases were found to have AZFd deletions (7.4%) with two of them being associated with AZFc deletions (P = 0.028). The frequency of AZF (a, b and c) deletions in Malaysian infertile male subjects was found to be comparable with other populations. AZFd deletions were found to be significant (P < 0.05) in male infertility and it may be associated with other types of AZF deletions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infertility, Male/ethnology*
  4. Position of the mental foramen in Singaporean Malays and Indians
    Neo J
    Anesth Prog, 1989 Nov-Dec;36(6):276-8.
    PMID: 2490061
    The position of the mental foramen of the local Malays and Indians in Singapore was determined from a series of orthopantomograms. The most frequent location does not conform to the position cited in many anatomy, surgery, and dental anesthesia texts as being below and between the apices of the lower premolars. This data has implications in the teaching and practice of dental anesthesia. In both these races, the median location is just below the second premolar.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology; Malaysia/ethnology
  5. Total occlusion of left main coronary artery in Orientals: profile of 4 cases
    Soo CS, Ling LH, Yeoh JK, Choo M, Kannan P
    Angiology, 1993 Dec;44(12):929-32.
    PMID: 8285368
    The authors report 4 Oriental cases of total occlusion of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) with differing presentations. The first patient had a twelve-year history of stable angina pectoris. The second patient had angina for a year, which became unstable two months prior to diagnosis. The third patient had myocardial infarction seven years ago and presented with a one-month history of rest angina. The fourth patient had stable effort angina for six years but presented with accelerated angina three months prior to diagnosis. The incidence of total occlusion of the LMCA is rare and survival depends on the existence of collateral circulation. In LMCA disease, there is usually disease in other parts of the coronary arterial tree, and hence, the need for urgent coronary bypass surgery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Arterial Occlusive Diseases/ethnology*; Coronary Disease/ethnology*
  6. Fulltext Childhood Cryptosporidium infection among aboriginal communities in Peninsular Malaysia
    Al-Mekhlafi HM, Mahdy MA, 'Azlin MY, Fatmah MS, Norhayati M
    Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 2011 Mar;105(2):135-43.
    PMID: 21396250 DOI: 10.1179/136485911X12899838683368
    Cryptosporidium is a coccidian parasite that is prevalent worldwide, some species of which cause morbidity in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. The prevalence and predictors of Cryptosporidium infection, and its effect on nutritional status, have recently been explored among 276 children (141 boys and 135 girls, aged 2-15 years) in aboriginal (Orang Asli) villages in the Malaysian state of Selangor. Faecal smears were examined by the modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique while socio-economic data were collected using a standardized questionnaire. Nutritional status was assessed by anthropometric measurements. Cryptosporidium infection, which was detected in 7.2% of the aboriginal children, was found to be significantly associated with low birthweight (≤2.5 kg), being part of a large household (with more than seven members) and prolonged breast feeding (>2 years). The output of a binary logistic regression confirmed that large household size was a significant predictor of Cryptosporidium infection (giving an odds ratio of 2.15, with a 95% confidence interval of 1.25-5.02). Cryptosporidium infection is clearly a public-health problem among the aboriginal children of Selangor, with person-to-person the most likely mode of transmission.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cryptosporidiosis/ethnology*
  7. Intestinal microsporidial infections among Orang Asli (aborigine) children from Malaysia
    Norhayati M, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Azlin M, Nor Aini U, Shaik A, Sa'iah A, et al.
    Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 2007 Sep;101(6):547-50.
    PMID: 17716439
    Matched MeSH terms: Intestinal Diseases/ethnology*; Malaysia/ethnology; Microsporidiosis/ethnology*
  8. Pharmacokinetic rationale for a malarial suppressant administered once monthly
    Peck CC, Lewis AN, Joyce BE
    Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 1975 Jun;69(2):141-5.
    PMID: 1155986
    Serum was collected from six adults participating in a field trial of sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine in combination which was being administered once monthly for malaria suppression. Samples were drawn during each of two consecutive months three hours, and 7, 14 and 28 days following a dose of 1 500 mg sulfadoxine. Serum sulfadoxine concentration was measured using the method of Bratton and Marshall (1939). Initial serum concentrations averaged 19-9 plus or minus 2-4 (SD) mg/100 ml and decayed to 6-2 plus or minus 2-8 mg/100 ml at 14 days. Serum sulfadoxine concentrations were still detectable at 28 days following a dose (2-1 plus or minus 1-5 mg/100 ml). Elimination half-time averaged 195 plus or minus 44 hours. The presistent serum concentrations of sulfadoxine following monthly doses documented here during field-use of this drug are in agreement with the successful clinical results reported for such a regimen (Lewis and Ponnampalam, 1974; O'Holohan and Hugoe-Mathews, 1971; Wolfensberger, 1971).
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology
  9. Odontogenic keratocyst: a study of 53 cases in Malaysia
    Siar CH, Ng KH, Murugasu P
    Ann Dent, 1986;45(2):15-8.
    PMID: 3468871
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology; India/ethnology; Jaw Diseases/ethnology*; Odontogenic Cysts/ethnology*
  10. The effects of three factor VII polymorphisms on factor VII coagulant levels in healthy Singaporean Chinese, Malay and Indian newborns
    Quek SC, Low PS, Saha N, Heng CK
    Ann. Hum. Genet., 2006 Nov;70(Pt 6):951-7.
    PMID: 17044869
    Factor VII (FVII) is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease. Three polymorphisms of the factor VII gene (F7) were studied in a group of healthy newborns comprising 561 Chinese, 398 Malays and 226 Asian Indians from Singapore. The allele frequencies of 3 polymorphisms (R353Q, Promoter 0/10bp Del/Ins and Intron 7) in the FVII gene were ascertained through genotyping by polymerase chain reaction and restriction digestion of amplified fragments. In Chinese the minor allele frequencies are Q: 0.04, Ins: 0.03, R7: 0.44; Malays, Q: 0.06, Ins: 0.10, R7: 0.41; and Indians, Q: 0.25, Ins: 0.23, R7: 0.43. Strong linkage disequilibrium (Delta > 0.7) is observed between the 0/10 bp and the R353Q sites in all ethnic groups. We conclude that: (i) the prevalence of the minor Q and Ins alleles of the R353Q and 0/10 bp polymorphisms are significantly higher in the Indian newborns than the Chinese and Malays; (ii) the Q allele is significantly associated (p = 0.01) with a lower plasma FVII coagulant level in the Indian and Malay neonates; and this polymorphism explains up to 3.8% of the variance in FVII coagulant levels; (iii) there is no significant difference in allele frequencies of the three polymorphisms between neonates with and without family histories of CAD.
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology; India/ethnology; Malaysia/ethnology; Singapore/ethnology
  11. The association of mitochondrial DNA 5178 C > a polymorphism with plasma lipid levels among three ethnic groups
    Lal S, Madhavan M, Heng CK
    Ann. Hum. Genet., 2005 Nov;69(Pt 6):639-44.
    PMID: 16266403
    Mitochondria are eukaryotic cytoplasmic organelles responsible for oxidative phosphorylation. The C to A nucleotide transversion in the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (MT-ND2) coding region of mitochondrial DNA has been reported to be associated with plasma lipid levels, adult onset diseases and longevity. We have examined the role of this polymorphism in relation to plasma lipid levels and age in a total of 713 healthy individuals belonging to 3 ethnic groups in Singapore. The frequency of the A allele was significantly higher (p < 0.05) among the Chinese (0.15) in comparison to the Malays (0.05) and Indians (0.02). No significant difference in the frequency of the allele was observed between healthy and coronary artery disease subjects, and between age-stratified subjects. We found that the polymorphism is significantly associated in an ethnic- and gender-specific manner with plasma apoB levels in the Chinese males (p < 0.05). This is the first epidemiological report of the mt5178 C > A polymorphism and its association with plasma lipid levels in Asian populations outside Japan.
    Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Disease/ethnology; India/ethnology; Malaysia/ethnology; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/ethnology
  12. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Brunei, Sabah and Sarawak
    Lie-Injo LE, Chin J, Ti TS
    Ann. Hum. Genet., 1964 Nov;28:173-6.
    PMID: 14228004 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1964.tb00472.x
    A total of 1008 healthy unrelated young adult male police and military recruits, 317 from Brunei, 398 from Sabah and 293 from Sarawak, were examined for G-6-PD deficiency. The frequency in the 317 Brunei recruits, who were all of Malay origin, was 6.3 %. In Sabah the frequencies for the four main ethnic groups were 12.1 % in 165 Kadazans, 4.1% in 73 Malays, 3.4 % in 68 Bajaus and 24.2 % in 33 Muruts. In Sarawak the frequency was 11.6 % in 95 recruits of Malay origin. Three among 56 Ibans and one among 80 Sea Dayaks were found to be enzyme-deficient, but the numbers examined of these groups were too small for estimation of the frequency. The overall frequency for the Malay group in Brunei, Sabah and Sarawak was 7.0% in 485 persons examined.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology
  13. Thyrotoxicosis presenting as hypokalaemic paralysis and hyperlactataemia in an oriental man
    Al-Jubouri MA, Inkster GD, Nee PA, Andrews FJ
    Ann. Clin. Biochem., 2006 Jul;43(Pt 4):323-5.
    PMID: 16824287 DOI: 10.1258/000456306777695681
    A 35-year-old Malaysian man presented with rapid onset of flaccid quadriparesis associated with nausea and vomiting. General blood tests revealed severe hypokalaemia (serum potassium 1.5 mmol/L) and hypophosphataemia (serum phosphate 0.29 mmol/L) as a potential cause of the flaccid paralysis. Arterial blood gases showed mixed acid base disturbance of respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis with hyperlactataemia. Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) was suspected as the underlying cause of this presentation and thyroid function tests showed severe hyperthyroid results (free T4 > 77.2 pmol/L, free T3 19.3 pmol/L, thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH] < 0.05 mIU/L). Treatment with intravenous potassium and phosphate infusion and oral propranolol resulted in rapid resolution of his symptoms. A discussion of the clinical and pathophysiological features and treatment of TPP (a very rare encounter in UK clinical practice) is presented, and to our knowledge associated hyperlactataemia has not been previously described.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thyrotoxicosis/ethnology; Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis/ethnology
  14. Fulltext Diabetes Care in Malaysia: Problems, New Models, and Solutions
    Hussein Z, Taher SW, Gilcharan Singh HK, Chee Siew Swee W
    Ann Glob Health, 2016 4 25;81(6):851-62.
    PMID: 27108152 DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2015.12.016
    BACKGROUND: Diabetes is a major public health concern in Malaysia, and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has escalated to 20.8% in adults above the age of 30, affecting 2.8 million individuals. The burden of managing diabetes falls on primary and tertiary health care providers operating in various settings.

    OBJECTIVES: This review focuses on the current status of diabetes in Malaysia, including epidemiology, complications, lifestyle, and pharmacologic treatments, as well as the use of technologies in its management and the adoption of the World Health Organization chronic care model in primary care clinics.

    METHODS: A narrative review based on local available health care data, publications, and observations from clinic experience.

    FINDINGS: The prevalence of diabetes varies among the major ethnic groups in Malaysia, with Asian Indians having the highest prevalence of T2D, followed by Malays and Chinese. The increase prevalence of overweight and obesity has accompanied the rise in T2D. Multidisciplinary care is available in tertiary and primary care settings with integration of pharmacotherapy, diet, and lifestyle changes. Poor dietary adherence, high consumption of carbohydrates, and sedentary lifestyle are prevalent in patients with T2D. The latest medication options are available with increasing use of intensive insulin regimens, insulin pumps, and continuous glucose monitoring systems for managing glycemic control. A stepwise approach is proposed to expand the chronic care model into an Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions framework to facilitate implementation and realize better outcomes in primary care settings.

    CONCLUSIONS: A comprehensive strategy and approach has been established by the Malaysian government to improve prevention, treatment, and control of diabetes as an urgent response to this growing chronic disease.

    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/ethnology
  15. Contribution of VKORC1 and CYP2C9 polymorphisms in the interethnic variability of warfarin dose in Malaysian populations
    Gan GG, Phipps ME, Lee MM, Lu LS, Subramaniam RY, Bee PC, et al.
    Ann Hematol, 2011 Jun;90(6):635-41.
    PMID: 21110192 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-010-1119-6
    Within the Asian populations, Indian patients had been reported to require higher warfarin dose compared with the Chinese and Malay patients, and this could not entirely be explained by cytochrome P450 (CYP)2C9 gene variants. Genetic variants of vitamin K epoxide oxidase reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1) has been well established as one of key determinants in the different responses of warfarin amongst patients. Adult patients who attended an anticoagulation clinic with stable INR were recruited. VKORC1 and CYP2C9 genotype were sequenced, and clinical characteristics were assessed. A total of 91 Malays, 96 Chinese, and 46 Indian patients were recruited. The mean age was 55 years and 51.5% were males. The mean dose of warfarin for all patients was 3.7 mg, and the mean daily dose of warfarin was significantly higher in Indians compared with the Chinese and Malay patients, 4.9 versus 3.5 and 3.3 mg, respectively (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Heart Diseases/ethnology; India/ethnology; Malaysia/ethnology; Pulmonary Embolism/ethnology; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/ethnology
  16. Population genetics of coagulation factor XIIIB in three ethnic groups of Singapore
    Saha N, Tay JS, Low PS, Basair JB
    Ann Hum Biol, 1992 5 1;19(3):277-83.
    PMID: 1616285
    The distribution of plasma coagulation factor XXIIB polymorphism was determined by PAG isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting in a group of 670 subjects comprising 375 Chinese, 110 Malays and 185 Indians. The frequencies of FXIIIB*1, FXIIIB*2, and FXIIIB*3 were found to be 0.27, 0.03 and 0.70 in the Chinese; 0.33, 0.05 and 0.64 in the Malays and 0.58, 0.08 and 0.33 in the Indians. The phenotypic distribution of FXIIIB alleles was at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in all three populations. A two-dimensional principal-components analysis on the basis of three common alleles at the FXIIIB locus among 19 populations, so far studied, clearly differentiates the Negroid, Mongoloid and Caucasoid populations into three major groups with the exception of Amerindians (Minnesota) and US Blacks showing some Caucasoid influence.
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology; India/ethnology; Malaysia/ethnology
  17. Genetic markers in a Malaysian population: variants of uridine monophosphate kinase (UMPK), phosphoglycolate phosphatase (PGP) and pancreatic amylase (AMY2)
    Zarinah KH, Abdullah F, Tan SG
    Ann Hum Biol, 1984 11 1;11(6):533-6.
    PMID: 6084457
    Three genetic markers, red-cell UMPK, PGP and serum AMY2 were investigated in Malaysians of Malay, Chinese and Indian ancestries using starch-gel and agarose-gel electrophoresis. UMPK was found to be polymorphic in all three races. Variants were observed for PGP in Malays; in Indians it is a polymorphic marker whereas it is monomorphic in Chinese. AMY2 was polymorphic only in Indians. The UMPK1 frequencies in Malays, Chinese and Indians, respectively, are 0.851, 0.880 and 0.942. The PGP1 frequencies are 0.991, 1.000, 0.962, and the AMY1(2) frequencies are 1.000, 1.000 and 0.983.
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology; India/ethnology
  18. A dermatoglyphic study of the Malays and Chinese of Malaysia
    Ganeson D, Chattopadhyay PK, Sunderland E, Woolley V
    Ann Hum Biol, 1982 May-Jun;9(3):283-5.
    PMID: 7103408
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  19. An anthropological study of the Malay and the Chinese of Malaysia
    Chattopadhyay PK, Ganeson D
    Ann Hum Biol, 1977 Jul;4(4):379-81.
    PMID: 931362
    Data for the ABO blood groups and for handclasping, arm folding, handedness, ear lobe types and camptodactyly are presented for 104 Malay and 57 Chinese males in the city of Alor Star, Kedah, Malaysia. The two groups exhibit marked differences in the frequencies of most of these attributes.
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology; Malaysia/ethnology
  20. Fulltext Total 25-OH vitamin D concentrations in Chinese, Malays and Indians
    Hawkins R
    Ann Lab Med, 2013 Mar;33(2):156-8.
    PMID: 23479565 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2013.33.2.156
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/ethnology
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