Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 638 in total

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  1. Goh CC, Koh KH, Goh S, Koh Y, Tan NC
    Malays Fam Physician, 2018;13(2):10-18.
    PMID: 30302178
    Introduction: Achieving optimal glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP), and LDL-Cholesterol (LDL-C) in patients mitigates macro- and micro-vascular complications, which is the key treatment goal in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to determine the proportion of patients in an urban community with T2DM and the above modifiable conditions attaining triple vascular treatment goals based on current practice guidelines.

    Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to adult Asian patients with dyslipidemia at two primary care clinics (polyclinics) in northeastern Singapore. The demographic and clinical data for this sub-population with both T2DM and dyslipidemia were collated with laboratory and treatment information retrieved from their electronic health records. The combined data was then analyzed to determine the proportion of patients who attained triple treatment goals, and logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with this outcome.

    Results: 665 eligible patients [60.5% female, 30.5% Chinese, 35% Malays, and 34.4% Indians] with a mean age of 60.6 years were recruited. Of these patients, 71% achieved LDL-C ≤2.6 mmol/L, 70.4% had BP

  2. Pang WS, Tan JH, Tan HCL, Tan JKG
    Malays Fam Physician, 2021 Jul 22;16(2):78-82.
    PMID: 34386169 DOI: 10.51866/cr1087
    Retained rectal foreign body, with its associated social stigma, is a medical condition that is infrequently reported in Malaysia. We report the surgical management of five cases of retained foreign objects in the rectum seen over a one-year period. There were three young and two elderly male patients. One of the elderly patients presented with altered bowel habits and an abdominal mass that mimicked a symptomatic colonic tumor. All patients had an abdominal radiograph which clinched the diagnosis of a retained foreign rectal body. Successfully retrieved objects included two bottles, one bidet device, and two sex toys. Open surgery for retrieval of the impacted rectal foreign body was required in one patient. All underwent successful retrievals without any adverse postoperative complications. In our case series, retained rectal foreign bodies were observed only in the male gender. The age presentation was bimodal, with age groups in the twenties and sixties. The treatment options used for the retrieval of these impacted foreign bodies included transanal extraction or explorative laparotomy. Proximal migration and delayed presentation are possible indications for the latter approach.
  3. Ng ZQ, Tan JH, Tan H
    Malays Fam Physician, 2019;14(2):32-35.
    PMID: 31827734
    Caecal volvulus has been reported to be associated with various abdominal and pelvic pathologies. Its signs and symptoms are usually non-specific and maybe overlooked in favour of benign causes, such as constipation. A high degree of suspicion is required for prompt diagnosis. Herein, we report on an unusual case of caecal volvulus after a dental procedure that was managed initially as constipation.
  4. Tong SF, Tan CE
    Malays Fam Physician, 2022 Nov 30;17(3):2-8.
    PMID: 36606174 DOI: 10.51866/cm0004
    Evidence-based medicine is the foundation of current medical practice. Suitable evidence is needed to support the holistic approach in clinical practice. Quantitative research produces some evidence needed for disease treatment based on probabilities or averages. However, the practice of evidence-based medicine should be personalised to individual patients without relying solely on an average perspective. Beliefs, values and expectations are unique for each individual and may differ significantly from the average. Therefore, understanding individual differences requires evidence from qualitative research. This is particularly important in family medicine practice, which focuses on holistic care for the person, family and community. Findings from properly conducted qualitative research can offer in-depth and comprehensive accounts on healthcare issues from patient and practice perspectives. Qualitative research also provides explanatory power and analytical transferability, which can be applied into daily family medicine practice. In conclusion, evidence from qualitative research should be rightfully equally acknowledged in family medicine and healthcare.
  5. Mallika PS, Lee PY, Cheah WL, Wong JS, Syed Alwi SAR, Nor Hayati H, et al.
    Malays Fam Physician, 2011;6(2):60-65.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: This study reports on the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and risk factors among diabetic patients, who underwent fundus photography screening in a primary care setting of Borneo Islands, East Malaysia. We aimed to explore the preliminary data to help in the planning of more effective preventive strategies of DR at the primary health care setting.
    Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study on 738 known diabetic patients aged 19-82 years was conducted in 2004. Eye examination consists of visual acuity testing followed by fundus photography for DR assessment. The fundus pictures were reviewed by a family physician and an ophthalmologist. Fundus photographs were graded as having no DR, NPDR, PDR and maculopathy. The data of other parameters was retrieved from patient’s record. Bi-variate and multivariate analysis was used to elucidate the factors associated with DR.
    Results: Any DR was detected in 23.7% (95% CI=21 to 27%) of the patients and 3.2% had proliferative DR. The risk factors associated with any DR was duration of DM (OR =2.5, CI=1.6 to 3.9 for duration of five to 10 years when compared to <5 years) and lower BMI (OR=1.8, CI=1.1 to 3.0). Moderate visual loss was associated with DR (OR=2.1, CI=1.2 to 3.7).
    Conclusions: This study confirms associations of DR with diabetic duration, body mass index and visual loss. Our data provide preliminary findings to help to improve the screening and preventive strategies of DR at the primary health care setting.
    Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy, epidemiology, screening, primary health care, Malaysia
    Study site: Klinik Kesihatan Jalan Masjid, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
  6. Teoh H, Tam C
    Malays Fam Physician, 2008;3(2):82-6.
    PMID: 25606122 MyJurnal
    138 headaches sufferers and 138 subjects without headaches were studied to investigate if there were differences between headache and non-headache sufferers in terms of their mental health and social support levels. The overall results of this study indicated that headache sufferers, as compared with non-headache sufferers had slightly more mental health problems, and more social support from their family members. When the results were scrutinised in more detail, it was observed that headache sufferers reported that they felt less capable of making decisions about things, were not always able to face up to their problems, and sometimes thought about themselves as a worthless. Given that the study was based on a community, rather than clinic sample, further research would be required to examine the differing the types of headaches that people are suffering from, and the intensity of the headaches, in relation to mental health problems.
  7. Sugantheran J, Zunaina E, Md Kasim WM, Talib N
    Malays Fam Physician, 2021 Jul 22;16(2):94-97.
    PMID: 34386173 DOI: 10.51866/cr1100
    Endogenous endophthalmitis accounts for approximately 5 - 10% of all endophthalmitis cases. We report a case of a middle-aged gentleman with underlying uncontrolled diabetes mellitus who presented with fever and generalised body weakness for one week. He was diagnosed with invasive Klebsiella syndrome based on blood culture with presence of bilateral pleural effusion, liver abscess, renal impairment and sphenoidal sinusitis. The patient developed sudden bilateral painless reduced vision on day two of admission. Ocular examination revealed bilateral severe anterior chamber reaction and severe vitritis that obscured the view of the fundus. Ocular B-scan ultrasonography showed multiple loculations in the posterior segment in both eyes. There was soft tissue density with calcification in the left sphenoid sinus on computed tomography of the orbit. He was treated for bilateral endogenous endophthalmitis with multiple intravitreal antibiotic injections, but showed no improvement. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery was performed and revealed that the left sphenoid sinus was filled with fungal balls. Following drainage of sphenoidal pus, there was resolution of vitritis and fundus examination showed features of underlying fungal infection with a "string of pearls" present along the vascular arcade of both eyes. The patient was diagnosed with bilateral endogenous endophthalmitis secondary to invasive Klebsiella syndrome with coexisting fungal endophthalmitis secondary to sphenoid mycetoma. In addition to repeated intravitreal antibiotic injections, he was also treated with systemic and topical antifungal therapy. At three months post treatment, the infection resolved and his vision improved from counting fingers to 6/36 bilaterally. Key messages: A middle-aged gentleman presented with bilateral endogenous endophthalmitis secondary to invasive Klebsiella syndrome with coexisting fungal endophthalmitis secondary to sphenoid mycetoma. A high index of suspicion is required for early diagnosis of fungal endophthalmitis.
  8. Dasgupta E, Yap JLL, Kunjunee KK, Choong XY, Soh WW, Sundaran M, et al.
    Malays Fam Physician, 2021 Mar 25;16(1):93-102.
    PMID: 33948147 DOI: 10.51866/oa1102
    Objective: This study assesses the prevalence of musculoskeletal (MSK) pain in patients attending primary care clinics in a medium-sized town in Malaysia and examines the interventions given for the symptoms and the level of the associated disabilities.

    Method: This investigation comprises a cross-sectional descriptive study of all patients visiting two primary care clinics aged 18 years and above. Patients presenting with joint pain answered a questionnaire assessing demographic data, disabilities (measured by the Stanford HAQ-DI), and treatment options.

    Results: Of 1,074 patients surveyed, 202 (18.8%) had MSK complaints. The mean age of those with MSK pain was 56.1 years. Incidence increased with age, reaching 78.8% of those over 48 years of age. The knee was the most common site of MSK pain (52.2%), with 20.3% requiring referral for specialist assessment. The median HAQ score was 0.375 and 89.6% of those surveyed had mild disability.

    Conclusion: MSK pain is a common problem among patients visiting primary care clinics. The most common site of MSK pain was the knee. On formal assessment, the majority of these patients exhibited mild disability. A significant proportion of patients still required specialist referral. This finding would suggest a need for further training on the management of MSK disease at the primary care level to avoid over-burdening the secondary care services.

  9. Ching SM, Cheong AT, Yee A, Thurasamy R, Lim PY, Ismail IZ, et al.
    PMID: 37814673 DOI: 10.51866/oa.238
    INTRODUCTION: Malaysia is one of the hardest-hit countries by COVID-19 in Asia. The rapidly rising number of cases had sparked fear among healthcare providers. This study aimed to assess the determinants of fear towards COVID-19 among healthcare providers in primary care settings.

    METHOD: This online-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 1280 healthcare providers aged ≥18 years from 30 primary care clinics in the state of Selangor, Malaysia. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale was used to assess the level of fear, and the results were analysed using multiple linear regression.

    RESULTS: The mean age of the respondents was 36 years, and the mean working experience was 11 years. The majority of the respondents were women (82.4%) and Malays (82.3%). The factors that were significantly correlated with higher levels of fear were underlying chronic disease (ß=1.12, P=0.002, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.08, 3.15), concern about mortality from COVID-19 (ß=3.3, P<0.001, 95% CI=0.19, 7.22), higher risk of exposure (ß=0.8, P<0.001, 95% CI=0.14, 5.91), concern for self at work (ß=2.8, P=0.002, 95% CI=0.08, 3.10) and work as a nurse (ß=3.6, P<0.001, 95% CI=0.30, 7.52), medical laboratory worker (ß=3.0, P<0.001, 95% CI=0.12, 4.27) and healthcare assistant (ß=3.9, P<0.001, 95% CI=0.17, 5.73). The level of fear was inversely correlated with a higher work-related stress management score (ß=-0.9, P<0.001, 95% CI=-0.14, -5.07) and a higher sleep quality score (ß=-1.8, P<0.001, 95% CI=-0.28, -10.41).

    CONCLUSION: Family physicians should be vigilant and identify healthcare providers at risk of developing COVID-19-related fear to initiate early mental health intervention.

  10. Chew BH, Mastura I, Cheong AT, Syed Alwi SAR
    Malays Fam Physician, 2010;5(3):134-138.
    PMID: 25606205 MyJurnal
    Hypertension is a common co-morbidity in diabetes mellitus (DM) that may lead to serious complications if not adequately controlled. This is a descriptive study based on data from the Audit of Diabetes Control and Management (ADCM) registry. This audit assessed the treatment and standard of control of hypertension in diabetic patients aged 18 years and above. Data were analysed using STATA version 9.From a total of 20 646 cases, about two third of them, 13 417 (65%) were reported to have hypertension. 19 484 (94.4%) had their blood pressure (BP) recorded and out of these, 11 414 (58.5%) were found to have BP >130/80 mmHg. 13 601 cases (65.9%) of the total sample were on antihypertensive drugs. 64.1% of those on antihypertensive drugs were prescribed angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin II receptor blockers. 14.2% were on more than two types of antihypertensive drugs. Older patients and those with longer duration of DM were less likely to achieve the target BP of ≤130/80. In general, about 40% of diabetic cases registered in the ADCM project had their hypertension well controlled.
  11. Muhammad Izani S, Irfan M, Suhaimi Y
    Malays Fam Physician, 2011;6(2-3):82-4.
    PMID: 25606231 MyJurnal
    Although nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is common in this part of the world, the incidence among children is still very low worldwide. The diagnosis is sometimes delayed because of the late reporting of the symptom by the patient or parents, or difficulty in reaching the final diagnosis due to its hidden anatomical location. The challenges include the difficult endoscopy in children, inability to differentiate an adenoid from the tumour on radiograph and often the inconclusive fine needle aspiration findings. If the tumour mass at Fossa of Rosenmuller can be clearly appreciated and biopsied with undoubtedly proven histology of NPC, the diagnosis can be straight forward and treatment can be commenced as early as possible. We report a 10-year-old child presented with bilateral neck cervical lymphadenopathy and epistaxis with fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the neck mass reported as lymphoma. Further work-up confirmed he was suffering from NPC.
  12. Mohd Khairi Md Daud, Suhaili Abdul Jalil
    Malays Fam Physician, 2016;11(23):30-32.
    MyJurnal
    Congenital cholesteatoma (CC) of the middle ear is a rare entity that may be
    undiagnosed for years. The lesion can grow undetected until it produces symptoms such as reduced
    hearing or otalgia.
  13. Utap MS, Tan C, Su AT
    Malays Fam Physician, 2019;14(2):2-9.
    PMID: 31827729
    INTRODUCTION: The '5A' model for smoking cessation was introduced in 2000 by the US Department of Health and Services. This brief intervention was recommended worldwide for smoking cessation. However, little is known about its effectiveness for smoking cessation in a primary care setting in Malaysia.

    OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of a brief intervention for smoking cessation using the '5A' model with self-help materials compared to using self-help materials alone.

    METHODS: This randomised controlled trial was conducted at the Primary Care Clinic at the University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) between June and October 2009. Subjects were all current smokers aged 18 years and above. A total of 208 subjects were recruited and randomised into two groups. Subjects in the intervention group were given a brief intervention based on the '5A' model with selfhelp materials, while the control group received self-help materials alone. Subjects were later followed up at one and four months via telephone calls. The outcome measure was a self-reported attempt to quit smoking.

    RESULTS: At one-month follow-up, 15/77 (19.5%) of the participants in the intervention group had attempted to quit smoking compared to 8/80 (10.0%) in the control group. There was no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.09). At the four-month follow-up, 13/58 (22.4%) participants in the intervention group had attempted to quit smoking compared to 9/57 (15.8%) in the control group. Once more, there was no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.37).

    CONCLUSION: This study showed that there was no significant difference between a brief intervention using the '5A' model with self-help materials and using self-help materials alone for smoking cessation in a Malaysian primary care setting. However, these results do need to be treated with caution when taking into consideration the high dropout rate and bias in the study design.

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