Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 1426 in total

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  1. Derivation of cochlea hair cell for in vitro expansion and characterization
    Ibnubaidah MA, Chua KH, Mazita A, Azida ZN, Aminuddin BS, Ruszymah BH, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jul;63 Suppl A:115-6.
    PMID: 19025012
    A potential cure for hearing loss would be to regenerate hair cells by stimulating cells of the damaged inner ear sensory epithelia to proliferate and differentiate into hair cells. Here, we investigated the possibility to isolate, culture-expand and characterize the cells from the cochlea membrane of adult mice. Our results showed that the cultured cells isolated from mouse cochlea membrane were heterogenous in nature. Morphologically there were epithelial like cells, hair cell like, nerve cell like and fibroblastic cells observed in the culture. The cultured cells were immunopositive for specific hair cell markers including Myosin 7a, Calretinin and Espin.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers
  2. Derivation of neurospheres from bone marrow stromal cells
    Ng AM, Westerman K, Kojima K, Kodoma S, Aminuddin BS, Ruszymah BH, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jul;63 Suppl A:7-8.
    PMID: 19024958
    Nerve stem cells have a unique characteristic in that they form spherical aggregates, also termed neurospheres, in vitro. The study demonstrated the successful derivation of these neurospheres from bone marrow culture. Their plasticity as nerve stem cells was confirmed. The findings further strengthens the pluripotency of cell populations within the bone marrow.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers
  3. Living bilayered human skin equivalent: promising potentials for wound healing
    Mazlyzam AL, Aminuddin BS, Saim L, Ruszymah BH
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jul;63 Suppl A:32-3.
    PMID: 19024969
    The angiogenic potential of native skin (NS), keratinocytes single skin equivalent (SSE-K), fibroblasts single skin equivalent (SSE-F) and bilayered skin equivalent secreting angiogenic growth factors such as transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in the in vitro systems at 24, 48, 72 hours and 7 days was compared using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Bilayered skin equivalent exhibit highest release of growth factors within 24 hours to 7 days of culture compared to NS, SSE-K and SSE-F. This proved the potential of bilayered skin equivalent in producing and sustaining growth factors release to enhance angiogenesis, fibroblasts proliferation, matrix deposition, migration and growth of keratinocytes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor
  4. Mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells acquire CD45-CD106+ immunophenotype only at later passages
    Ooi YY, Ramasamy R, Vidyadaran S
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jul;63 Suppl A:65-6.
    PMID: 19024986
    Classically, MSC are identified by a CD45-CD106+ phenotype. In this study, we found that mouse MSC achieve this characteristic phenotype only at later passages. With increasing passages, CD45 (hematopoietic marker) expression shifts to negativity, whereas CD106 (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) expression becomes increasingly positive. These results demonstrate that MSC cells cultured from mouse bone marrow acquire a classical MSC immunophenotype (CD45-CD106+) in later passages.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers
  5. Fulltext The expression of p53 in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast: a study in the North-East States of Malaysia
    Al-Joudi FS, Iskandar ZA, Rusli J
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jun;63(2):96-9.
    PMID: 18942291
    The p53 gene is a tumour suppressor gene that encodes a 393-amino-acid nuclear DNA-binding phosphoprotein. The significance of p53 detection is that p53 mutation is linked with chemo-resistance and transformation to more aggressive disease in a large number of tumour types and it was confirmed that mutant p53 is involved in neoplastic transformations. In addition, the expression of p53 has been closely correlated with clinicopathological findings. Since breast cancer has been reported as one of the most frequent malignancies in women in Malaysia, the expression of p53 was studied in 382 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, obtained from three major hospitals in the North-East States of Malaysia. The study utilized an enzyme immunohistochemistry assay for the detection of p53. It was found that p53 was expressed in 29.6% of all the study cases. Furthermore, its expression was significantly correlated with the age and the clinical grading of the disease. No significant statistical correlations were depicted with lymph node status, tumour size, side of tumour, and expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors. Nevertheless, knowledge of the p53 status may be valuable in making clinical decisions regarding diagnosis, prognosis and therapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers/analysis
  6. Fulltext Soluble transferrin receptor, ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor--Ferritin index in assessment of anaemia in rheumatoid arthritis
    Pavai S, Jayaranee S, Sargunan S
    Med J Malaysia, 2007 Oct;62(4):303-7.
    PMID: 18551934
    Anaemia of chronic disease (ACD) is a frequent complication of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A diagnostic difficulty in RA is the distinction between iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) and ACD. The aim of our study was to evaluate the usefulness of serum soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) and sTfR/log ferritin (TfR-F) index to diagnose iron deficiency in RA patients with anaemia. Routine laboratory indices of anaemia and sTfR were measured in 20 healthy persons to form the control group, 30 patients with iron deficiency anaemia and 28 RA patients with anaemia. Serum sTfR levels were significantly elevated above the cut-off value in patients with IDA and those in the iron depleted RA subgroup (ferritin < 60 microg/L) compared with those in the control and iron repleted RA subgroup (ferritin > 60 microg/L). The same was observed for TfR-F index. However, five patients in the iron repleted RA sub group had an elevated sTfR level, of which two had increased TfR-F index. Serum sTfR correlated well with the markers of anaemia and not with ESR. Ferritin had no correlation with markers of anaemia but correlated well with ESR. Measurement of sTfR and TfR-F index are good indicators of iron deficiency in RA patients with anaemia. To be cost effective, sTfR can be estimated in RA patients with anaemia when the ferritin level is more than 60 microg/L.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers
  7. Fulltext p63 as a complimentary basal cell specific marker to high molecular weight-cytokeratin in distinguishing prostatic carcinoma from benign prostatic lesions
    Shiran MS, Tan GC, Sabariah AR, Rampal L, Phang KS
    Med J Malaysia, 2007 Mar;62(1):36-9.
    PMID: 17682568 MyJurnal
    The diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma (Pca) on routine biopsies may be challenging, and to date the commonly used marker to distinguish prostate carcinoma from benign prostatic lesions has been High Molecular Weight-Cytokeratin (HMW-CK). However, the antigen of HMW-CK is susceptible to the effect of formalin fixation and causes frequent loss or patchy staining in the obviously benign glands. More recently, antibodies to p63 have been reported to be more sensitive than HMW-CK for the detection of prostatic basal cells. p63, a homologue of tumour suppressor gene p53, is essential for prostate development and is selectively expressed in the nuclei of basal cells of normal prostate glands. The objective of this study is to compare the sensitivity and specificity of HMW-CK and p63 in distinguishing prostatic carcinomas from benign prostatic lesions, as well as determining their positive predictive values. Seventy-two cases from HUKM (comprising 29 prostatic carcinomas and 43 benign prostatic hyperplasias) were stained for both HMW-CK and p63. The sensitivity of p63 and HMW-CK in identifying basal cells in benign glands was 88.37% and 90.70% respectively. The specificity of both reagents was 100%, and the positive predictive value for both reagents was also 100%. Thus, p63 is a useful complementary basal cell specific stain to HMW-CK, and would be very helpful to practicing pathologists in dealing with difficult cases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers
  8. Fulltext Serum cancer antigen 125 in patients with pleural effusions
    How SH, Liam CK, Jamalludin AR, Chin SP, Zal AB
    Med J Malaysia, 2006 Dec;61(5):558-63.
    PMID: 17623956 MyJurnal
    We studied the prevalence of raised serum CA125 in patients with pleural effusions and explored factors affecting its level. Sixty four patients with benign effusions and 36 patients with malignant effusions admitted to the University Malaya Medical Centre from May 2001 to January 2002 were included in the study. There were no significant differences in age, gender and ethnicity of the patients with benign and malignant effusions. There was also no difference in the frequency of the side of pleural effusion between the two groups but compared to benign effusions, a higher proportion of malignant effusions was moderate to large in size (66% versus 39%, p = 0.011). Serum CA125 levels were above 35U/dL in 83.3% and 78.1% of patients with malignant and benign effusions, respectively (p = 0.532). All patients with underlying malignancy and 95.3% of patients with benign effusions had pleural fluid CA125 levels above 35U/dL (p = 0.187). The median levels of CA125 were higher in the pleural fluid than in the serum in all aetiological groups. Higher serum CA125 levels were more likely to be found in patients with moderate to large effusions (p = 0.015), malignant effusions (p = 0.001) and in female patients (0.016). Serum CA125 level showed significant correlation with pleural fluid CA125 level (r = 0.532, p < 0.001) but not with pleural fluid total white blood cell count (r = -0.092, p = 0.362), red blood cell count (r = -0.082, p = 0.417) and lactate dehydrogenase level (r = 0.062, p = 0.541). We conclude that serum CA125 is commonly elevated in patients with benign and malignant pleural effusions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers
  9. Fulltext The pattern of CD15, CD30 and Bcl-2 expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
    Eow GI, Kim LH, Peh SC
    Med J Malaysia, 2006 Oct;61(4):416-21.
    PMID: 17243518 MyJurnal
    Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogenous entity. The pattern of CD15, CD30 and Bcl-2 expression is not well documented, especially in local population. We investigated 67 consecutive cases of DLBCL by immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded tissue. The male to female ratio was 1.2:1 with median age of 55 years, and more common nodal than extranodal in presentation. Only 3 of 67 cases expressed CD15. In addition, three cases showed weak membrane staining for CD30. Only one of these three cases was noted to have co-expression of CD15 and with occasional tumour cells showing weak CD30 expression. Bcl-2 protein was expressed in 43 of 67 (64%), more frequently in nodal than in extranodal tumours. In conclusion, CD15 and CD30 expressions are infrequent in DLBCL, and co-expression is rare. Bcl-2 protein expression is common in DLBCL.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
  10. Fulltext Intermittent respiratory obstruction secondary to a solitary fibrous tumour
    Shashinder S, Kuljit S, Rahmat O, Usha DA, Gopala GK
    Med J Malaysia, 2006 Oct;61(4):501-2.
    PMID: 17243534 MyJurnal
    There have been fourteen cases of solitary fibrous tumour reported as originating from the paranasal sinuses. Here we report a case of solitary fibrous tumour that involved the right nasal cavity with extension into the oropharynx causing stertor and intermittent respiratory obtruction. Histopathology examination revealed the tumuor cells expressed CD34 turnout marker.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor
  11. Fulltext A preliminary finding: immunohistochemical localisation and distribution of placental angiotensin II receptor subtypes in normal and preeclamptic pregnancies
    Judson JP, Nadarajah VD, Bong YC, Subramaniam K, Sivalingam N
    Med J Malaysia, 2006 Jun;61(2):173-80.
    PMID: 16898308
    Pre-eclampsia or pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) affects 6-8% of all pregnancies. Although the underlying mechanism of PIH is still unknown, it is widely believed that the placenta plays an important role. It was thought that an ischemic placenta due to poor perfusion can precipitate the signs and symptoms of PIH. This study aims to investigate the possible role of Type 1(AT1) and Type 2 (AT2) angiotensin II receptor subtypes in the mechanism of PIH. AT1 receptor stimulation causes vasoconstriction and AT2 receptor stimulation causes vasodilatation. Investigating the interactions of these two receptors in the placenta provides an insight as to the balance that may exist between AT1 and AT2 receptors in normal pregnancy. Any disruption to the balance might cause a disruption of the blood flow in the placenta, leading to PIH. Placentas were collected from 11 PIH patients and 11 normal patients. Immunohistochemistry techniques were performed on the placental tissue to determine the distribution of AT1 and AT2 receptors in the placental tissue qualitatively and quantitatively. It was observed that in normal patients, the balance between AT1 and AT2 receptors is that the level of AT2 receptors is higher than the level of AT1 receptors. However in the PIH patient, it was observed that the normal balance was disrupted. In PIH patients the level of AT1 receptors was observed to be higher than the level of AT2 receptors. This study suggests that disruption of the balance between AT1 and AT2 receptors observed in PIH placentas might cause a decrease in blood flow to the placenta, causing it to be poorly perfused. This may cause placental ischemia which may lead to PIH.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers/metabolism
  12. Fulltext A combined case of macroprolactinoma, growth hormone excess and Graves' disease
    Hussein Z, Tress B, Colman PG
    Med J Malaysia, 2005 Jun;60(2):232-6.
    PMID: 16114168
    Thyrotoxicosis due to Graves disease is a relatively common endocrine disorder. The occurrence of a prolactinoma with co-secretion of growth hormone (GH) is on the other hand, rare. We report the rare co-existence of Graves' disease in a patient with macroprolactinoma and GH hypersecretion and describe the successful response to medical therapy with dopamine agonist and antithyroid therapy. We hypothesize that hyperprolactinaemia played a role in promoting autoimmune thyroid disease in our patient and that treatment of hyperprolactinaemia may have been important in suppressing autoimmune disease activity in Graves' disease. This case also reflects on the close and complex interactions between thyroid hormones, prolactin (PRL), GH and testosterone (T).
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers/blood
  13. Interpretation and application of virological testing including resistance in chronic hepatitis B
    Locarnini S
    Med J Malaysia, 2005 Jul;60 Suppl B:41-51.
    PMID: 16108173
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers/blood
  14. Surrogate markers for liver fibrosis
    Poynard T
    Med J Malaysia, 2005 Jul;60 Suppl B:39-40.
    PMID: 16108172
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers*
  15. Fulltext The prognostic value of C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in patients with acute ischaemic stroke
    Hamidon BB, Sapiah S, Nawawi H, Raymond AA
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 Dec;59(5):631-7.
    PMID: 15889566 MyJurnal
    Increasing evidence suggests that inflammation plays an important role in the development of both cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. Recently C-reactive protein (CRP) levels have been reported to be a prognostic factor for cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the prognostic value of CRP levels in a first ever ischaemic stroke at one month. All ischaemic stroke patients who were admitted to Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (HUKM) between May 2002 and July 2002 were eligible for the study. CRP levels were taken within 72 hours after an acute ischaemic stroke. The functional ability was assessed using the Barthel Index (BI) after one month of stroke. During the study period 84 patients were admitted to HUKM with the diagnosis of ischaemic stroke; 49 patients were enrolled and 35 were excluded. Twenty-nine patients (59.2%) had elevated CRP levels (median 1.64+/-3.07 mg/dL, range 0.06 to 16.21 mg/dL). Elevated CRP levels were found to be a predictor of severe functional disability (BI<5) and were also associated with larger infarcts. In conclusion, elevated CRP levels are associated with poorer functional outcome and predict a larger infarct size.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers/blood
  16. Fulltext Markers of ventricular tachyarrythmias in patients with acromegaly
    Mohamed AL, Yusoff K, Muttalif AR, Khalid BAk
    Med J Malaysia, 1999 Sep;54(3):338-45.
    PMID: 11045060
    Sudden cardiac death is a known complication of acromegaly. Little is known of the exact mechanism leading to sudden cardiac death in these patients. Ventricular tachyarrhythmias may be an important cause. If this is so, clinical markers of ventricular tachyarrhythmias may be more common in this group of patients. The presence of these markers allow better risk stratification among acromegalic patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers
  17. Fulltext Hydatidiform mole and post-evacuation regression patterns of serum beta human chorionic gonadotrophin
    Kamariah K, Satgunasingam N, Nasri NM, Ng KY
    Med J Malaysia, 1993 Mar;48(1):40-5.
    PMID: 7688063
    Eighty-nine patients who had hydatidiform moles evacuated at the General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, were followed with serum beta hCG determinations from October 1988 to June 1991. A regression curve for serum beta hCG, as measured by RIA, was derived from the results of 47 of the patients who demonstrated spontaneous regression of serum beta hCG titres. All 47 patients had normal serum titres at 135 days after evacuation. The mean time taken to reach normal level was 82.6 days, while the range was 39 to 135 days (5 to 19 weeks).
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/blood*
  18. Fulltext The clinical significance of elevated levels of serum CA 19-9
    Pavai S, Yap SF
    Med J Malaysia, 2003 Dec;58(5):667-72.
    PMID: 15190651
    The tumour marker CA19-9 is a sensitive marker for pancreatic, gastric and hepatobiliary malignancies. High CA 19-9 level indicates unresectable lesions and a poor prognosis. The objective of the study was to determine the significance and implications of elevated CA 19-9 levels in the serum. A one-year retrospective review of all patients who had CA19-9 measured in our Medical Centre was undertaken; 69 patients were found to have CA 19-9 level above the cut-off value (37 U/ml). Thirty-six patients had malignant and the remaining 33 had benign lesions. CA 19-9 was found to be elevated in malignancies of pancreas, colorectum, lung, liver and ovary. Benign conditions associated with elevation of CA 19-9 included disease of the hepatobiliary system, pneumonia, pleural effusion, renal failure and SLE. In two individuals, there was no obvious cause for the elevation of this marker. CA 19-9 levels were significantly lower in benign than in malignant conditions. In conclusion, elevated CA 19-9 may be found in patients with benign as well as malignant disease. Therefore, it is important (1) that elevated levels of CA 19-9 are interpreted in the light of the clinical presentation of the patient and (2) to be aware of the benign conditions that can be associated with increased levels of this marker. With these factors in mind, CA 19-9 can be used to assist in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and assessment of resection adequacy post-operatively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/blood*
  19. Plasmapheresis to treat Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome from overly rapid plasma sodium correction
    Gayathri DK, Dhayalen K, Chia YK, Fung YK
    Med J Malaysia, 2019 08;74(4):331-332.
    PMID: 31424043
    Osmotic demyelination syndrome results from overly rapid serum sodium correction and is often iatrogenic. We report a 50-year-old hypertensive woman on Indapamide presenting with malaise, dizziness and serum sodium less than 100mmol/l who developed osmotic demyelination syndrome after correction of the hyponatremia. Good neurological recovery was seen after plasmapheresis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers/blood
  20. Hepatitis B virus infection: Epidemiology and seroprevalence rate amongst Negrito tribe in Malaysia
    Sahlan N, Fadzilah MN, Muslim A, Shaari SA, Abdul Rahman T, Hoh BP
    Med J Malaysia, 2019 08;74(4):320-325.
    PMID: 31424040
    INTRODUCTION: Prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among the non-indigenous people in Malaysia has been well established and range between 3% and 5%. However, data from the indigenous (Orang Asli) people is still lacking. The Negrito population is the most remotely located Orang Asli tribe with limited access to health care facilities. This study was undertaken to determine the epidemiology and seroprevalence of HBV infection among the Negrito.

    METHODS: Surveys were conducted in five Negrito settlements in Kelantan and Perak states in Malaysia. A total of 150 participants were recruited. Clinical history was taken and physical examination was performed. Five millilitres of whole blood were collected and tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.

    RESULTS: Participants were mainly from the Bateq (49.3%) and Mendriq (29.4%) sub-tribes. Overall, 13 subjects (8.7 %); nine males and four females were HBsAg positive. Nine of the HBsAg positive subjects were ≥35 years old. All of them had history of home deliver without evidence of antenatal record. Six (46%) of the HBsAg positive subjects had tattoo and body piercing in the past.

    CONCLUSION: The prevalence of HBV infection rate amongst the Negrito tribe is almost three-fold compared to the national rates. The reason for this finding remains unclear. Tattooing, body piercing and vertical transmission could be the main possible routes of transmission of HBV among the Negrito population in Malaysia.

    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers/blood
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