MyMedR

Australia to fund HIV / AIDS projects in Southeast Asia

AIDS Wkly, 1994 Dec 19.

Australia will fund 23 new HIV-AIDS projects in Southeast Asian countries, the government announced. "Asia is predicted to be the major growth area for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections over the next decade, " Minister for Development Cooperation Gordon Bilney said. "These projects, worth some $4.35 million over three years, will help meet the challenge of preventing the spread of the disease in the region." The projects--in Thailand, Vietnam, the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia and Cambodia--emphasize education and prevention activities as well as programs which focus on the care and support of people living with HIV, Bilney said. He also said a variety of Australian and overseas organizations will implement the projects, many of which will feature the significant involvement of communities at risk and people with HIV. "It is in keeping with the fundamental spirit of the aid program that we should seek to share this expertise with our neighbors in the region." Bilney said one Australian success story--the creative "Streetwize comics" (publications in Australia which help street kids and under privileged kids understand HIV/AIDS problems)--will be piloted in Vietnam in conjunction with the Vietnam Youth Federation. He said Vietnamese staff will be trained in the production of a series of bilingual mini-comics on HIV-AIDS prevention for youth. "This project will receive funding of $187,500 over three years," Bilney said. Bilney said the projects would help minimize the individual and social impact of the epidemic in the targeted countries.

Matched MeSH terms: HIV Infections*

Changes in Thai sexual behavior lower HIV spread

AIDS Wkly Plus, 1997 Jun 2.

PMID: 12347937

Matched MeSH terms: HIV Infections*

Asia needs political commitment to fight AIDS

AIDS Wkly Plus, 1997 Jun 2.

PMID: 12347936

Matched MeSH terms: HIV Infections*

Indonesia and Vietnam may face AIDS pandemic

AIDS Wkly Plus, 1996 Oct 28.

PMID: 12320487

Matched MeSH terms: HIV Infections*

Migrant workers spreading HIV in Southeast Asia

AIDS Wkly Plus, 1996 Oct 21.

PMID: 12320478

Matched MeSH terms: HIV Infections*

Condom use still unacceptable to many in Singapore regions

AIDS Wkly Plus, 1996 Oct 21.

PMID: 12320477

Matched MeSH terms: HIV Infections*

Country watch: South-East Asia

Bagasao TM

AIDS STD Health Promot Exch, 1996.

PMID: 12347180

Matched MeSH terms: HIV Infections*

Global update: Malaysia

AIDSlink, 1993 Jun-Aug;?(23):15.

PMID: 12159245

Matched MeSH terms: HIV Infections*

Fulltext Mental health-related experiences and challenges of informal HIV/AIDS caregivers: a brief review and analysis

Pei, Lin Lua, Norhayati Mustapha

ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2012;13(2):197-217.

MyJurnal

encountered particularly in mental health issues and to additionally analyze the methodologies used in studies involving HIV/AIDS informal caregivers.

Methods: Four electronic databases; Science Direct, EBSCOhost, Ovid and Springer Link were searched for articles published in the past 10 years (2002 - 2012). Only full-text English articles related to research on care giving of HIV-infected adult patients were selected.

Results: Twenty two out of 293 articles (7.5%) were reviewed, involving 2,765 caregivers in the USA (n=1,610), Africa (n=253), Asia (n=838) and Oceania (n=64) regions. A variety of age categories was involved in care giving with the youngest carer being 12 years old and the oldest, 60 years on average. Females and whites appeared to be dominant and 603 caregivers themselves were HIV positive. The main outcomes measured were care giving burden, challenges and coping. Stress and depression, stigma and discrimination, insufficient support, role overload and extreme poverty were the main challenges experienced in care giving. Both qualitative (n=11) and quantitative (n=9) were the equally preferred types of study. Purposive sampling emerged as the most preferred sampling technique. Various instruments were utilized, but the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was the most popular particularly in quantitative studies.

Conclusion: A variety of life aspects were negatively affected in the process of care giving for HIV/AIDS patients and studies of such nature commonly focused on caregivers' psychosocial burden.

Matched MeSH terms: HIV Infections

Fulltext The experiences and challenges in caring for HIV/AIDS patients: a qualitative exploration among Muslim family caregivers in Terengganu, Malaysia

Pei, Lin Lua, Norhayati Mustapha, Ramle Abdullah, Ahmad Kashfi Abdul Rahman

ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2014;15(2):120-130.

MyJurnal

Objective: The family caregiver has a pivotal role in the management of HIV/AIDS patients and their well-being is consequently crucial as it could impact negatively on the quality of caregiving. This preliminary qualitative investigation intended to explore and describe the challenges and experiences of HIV/AIDS family caregivers in Terengganu, Malaysia. Methods: A convenient sample of family caregivers of HIV/AIDS patients who were aware of the diagnosis was enrolled. Recruitment was conducted in Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia and semi-structured interviews were used. Results: Results were transcribed into verbatim before being subjected to analysis. Twelve Muslim caregivers consented participation (age range = 18.0 - 81.0; female = 75.0%, mother/wife = 50.0%; married = 83.3%; ≤ primary school
= 50.0%; and self-employed = 66.7%). The four major themes that emerged were challenges of caregiving, financial issues, stigma and discrimination, and support for caregivers. Additionally, caregivers did mention several positive aspects of their caregiving role including satisfaction from helping family member and improved family relationships. Conclusion: A variety of life aspects were negatively affected by caring for HIV patients, thus requiring a multidisciplinary approach to address such issues. ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 15 (2): July - December 2014: 120-130.

Matched MeSH terms: HIV Infections

Teaching Psychosocial Interventions for Opioid Use Disorder in Low and Middle Income Countries: Malaysia and China

Marienfeld C, Chawarski M

Acad Psychiatry, 2016 Jun;40(3):507-13.

PMID: 26626791 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-015-0438-2

Matched MeSH terms: HIV Infections/prevention & control

Fine needle aspiration cytology of lymph nodes in HIV-infected individuals

Jayaram G, Chew MT

Acta Cytol., 2000 Nov-Dec;44(6):960-6.

PMID: 11127753

OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in lymphadenopathy in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals (HIVII).

STUDY DESIGN: Thirty-nine HIVII presenting with lymphadenopathy at University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, were subjected to FNAC. Cytologic smears were routinely stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa stain. Special stains and immunostains were used when necessary.

RESULTS: In nine cases, the cytologic appearance was compatible with HIV type A and in one case with HIV type C lymphadenopathy. In 21 cases, acid-fast bacilli (AFB) were demonstrated in the cytologic smears, enabling a diagnosis of mycobacterial lymphadenitis. In one of these cases there was a concomitant infection with Penicillium marneffei that was overlooked on initial cytologic examination. The cause of granulomatous lymphadenitis could not be ascertained in one case, where neither AFB nor any other organisms were demonstrable. Two cases of histoplasma and one of cryptococcal lymphadenitis were diagnosed, as was one high grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that could be immunophenotyped on cytologic material. In three cases the aspirates were inadequate for a cytologic diagnosis.

CONCLUSION: Lymph node FNAC is a valuable investigative modality in HIVII. Most opportunistic infections (bacterial and fungal) can be correctly identified, and high grade lymphoma can be diagnosed and phenotyped.

Matched MeSH terms: HIV Infections/complications*

Balancing access and safety in prescribing opioid agonist therapy to prevent HIV transmission

Bachireddy C, Weisberg DF, Altice FL

Addiction, 2015 Dec;110(12):1869-71.

PMID: 26464200 DOI: 10.1111/add.13055

Matched MeSH terms: HIV Infections/prevention & control*

HIV infection in females dependent on drugs

Wai BH, Singh S, Varma SL

Addiction, 1996 Mar;91(3):435-8.

PMID: 8867206

One hundred and seventy-one drug-dependent females in a drug rehabilitation centre were studied to estimate the prevalence of HIV infection among them. Twenty-four (14%) were positive on the Western Blot test. The presence of HIV infection was significantly correlated with syphilis (p < 0.03) and age (p < 0.001); 83% of those who were HIV positive were intravenous drug users. The need for harm reduction programmes to prevent spread of HIV infection among injecting drug users is stressed.

Matched MeSH terms: HIV Infections/epidemiology*; HIV Infections/transmission

Fulltext Cost-effectiveness of expanding the capacity of opioid agonist treatment in Ukraine: dynamic modeling analysis

Morozova O, Crawford FW, Cohen T, Paltiel AD, Altice FL

Addiction, 2020 Mar;115(3):437-450.

PMID: 31478285 DOI: 10.1111/add.14797

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Although opioid agonist treatment (OAT) for opioid use disorder (OUD) is cost-effective in settings where the HIV epidemic is concentrated among people who inject drugs, OAT coverage in Ukraine remains far below internationally recommended targets. Scale-up is limited by both OAT availability and demand. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a range of plausible OAT scale-up strategies in Ukraine incorporating the potential impact of treatment spillover and the real-world demand for addiction treatment.

DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Ten-year horizon (2016-25) modeling study of opioid addiction epidemic and treatment that accommodated potential peer effects in opioid use initiation and supply-induced treatment demand in three Ukrainian cities: Kyiv, Mykolaiv and Lviv, comprising a simulated population of people at risk of and with OUD.

MEASUREMENTS: Incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year gained in the simulated population.

FINDINGS: An estimated 12.2-, 2.4- and 13.4-fold OAT capacity increase over 2016 baseline capacity in Kyiv, Mykolaiv and Lviv, respectively, would be cost-effective at a willingness-to-pay of one per-capita gross domestic product (GDP) per quality-adjusted life-year gained. This result is robust to parametric and structural uncertainty. Even under the most ambitious capacity increase, OAT coverage (i.e. the proportion of people with OUD receiving OAT) over a 10-year modeling horizon would be 20, 11 and 17% in Kyiv, Mykolaiv and Lviv, respectively, owing to limited demand.

CONCLUSIONS: It is estimated that a substantial increase in opioid agonist treatment (OAT) capacity in three Ukrainian cities would be cost-effective for a wide range of willingness-to-pay thresholds. Even a very ambitious capacity increase, however, is unlikely to reach internationally recommended coverage levels. Further increases in coverage may be limited by demand and would require addressing existing structural barriers to OAT access.

Matched MeSH terms: HIV Infections/drug therapy*

Fulltext The syndemic of HIV, HIV-related risk and multiple co-morbidities among women who use drugs in Malaysia: Important targets for intervention

Loeliger KB, Marcus R, Wickersham JA, Pillai V, Kamarulzaman A, Altice FL

Addict Behav, 2016 Feb;53:31-9.

PMID: 26436520 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.09.013

Substance use and HIV are syndemic public health problems in Malaysia. Harm reduction efforts to reduce HIV transmission have primarily focused on men with substance use disorders.

Matched MeSH terms: HIV Infections/epidemiology*; HIV Infections/psychology

Fulltext Modeling the effect of delay strategy on transmission dynamics of HIV/AIDS disease

Raza A, Ahmadian A, Rafiq M, Salahshour S, Naveed M, Ferrara M, et al.

Adv Differ Equ, 2020;2020(1):663.

PMID: 33250928 DOI: 10.1186/s13662-020-03116-8

In this manuscript, we investigate a nonlinear delayed model to study the dynamics of human-immunodeficiency-virus in the population. For analysis, we find the equilibria of a susceptible-infectious-immune system with a delay term. The well-established tools such as the Routh-Hurwitz criterion, Volterra-Lyapunov function, and Lasalle invariance principle are presented to investigate the stability of the model. The reproduction number and sensitivity of parameters are investigated. If the delay tactics are decreased, then the disease is endemic. On the other hand, if the delay tactics are increased then the disease is controlled in the population. The effect of the delay tactics with subpopulations is investigated. More precisely, all parameters are dependent on delay terms. In the end, to give the strength to a theoretical analysis of the model, a computer simulation is presented.

Matched MeSH terms: HIV Infections

Fulltext Factors affecting the HIV/AIDS epidemic: an ecological analysis of global data

Mondal MN, Shitan M

Afr Health Sci, 2013 Jun;13(2):301-10.

PMID: 24235928 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v13i2.15

All over the world the prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has became a stumbling stone in progress of human civilization and is a huge concern for people worldwide.

Matched MeSH terms: HIV Infections/etiology*; HIV Infections/epidemiology*

Assessing the willingness to pay for HIV counselling and testing service: a contingent valuation study in Lagos State, Nigeria

Adekunjo FO, Rasiah R, Dahlui M, Ng CW

Afr J AIDS Res, 2020 Dec;19(4):287-295.

PMID: 33337980 DOI: 10.2989/16085906.2020.1834417

HIV/AIDS is a major health issue faced by the world, generally, but particularly sub-Saharan Africa. Nigeria ranked third in the world by number of people living with HIV/AIDS in 2019. Despite prominent HIV counselling and testing (HCT) intervention programmes, Nigeria faces serious challenges, such as inadequate funding and low utilisation rates. Paucity of research into such a critical topic has restricted the capacity of policy makers to address the problem adequately. Consequently, a cross-sectional study was carried out using the contingent valuation method to assess the economic quantum of payment and determining factors associated with people's willingness to pay for HCT services. Data were collected from 768 people selected by convenience sampling of three local government areas - Alimosho, Ikorodu and Surulere in Lagos State, Nigeria. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-square, Mann-Whitney, and general linear regression model analysis. Findings show that 75% of respondents were willing to pay an average fee of N1 291 ($4.22) for HCT services. Significant determinants of willingness to pay were: income; knowledge of someone living with HIV or died of AIDS; worry about HIV infection; and fear of HIV-related stigma. The findings offer vital information germane to co-payment schemes aimed at financial sustainability of HCT and HIV/AIDS programmes in Nigeria.

Matched MeSH terms: HIV Infections/diagnosis; HIV Infections/economics*; HIV Infections/prevention & control; HIV Infections/psychology

Influence of Maternal Characteristics during Pregnancy on the Infant Early Life Immune Responses in a High HIV Burdened Setting in Harare, Zimbabwe

Nhidza AF, Naicker T, Stray-Pedersen B, Gumbo F, Chisango T, Sibanda E, et al.

Afr J Reprod Health, 2018 Sep;22(3):43-50.

PMID: 30381931 DOI: 10.29063/ajrh2018/v22i3.5

This study aimed at investigating the maternal characteristics that in turn influence the immunological status of infants in asymptomatic enteric pathogen carriers in mother baby pairs (MBPs) in a high HIV burdened population in Harare, Zimbabwe. BIOPLEX immunoassay was used to analyse serum samples from 39 MBPs for 27 cytokines and 6 immunoglobulins. The MBP were purposively selected based on HIV infection and Entamoeba histolytica carriage. Logistic regression was used to identify any link between maternal demographic and clinical data with infant cytokine and immunoglobulin levels. Maternal E. histolytica carriers were more likely to have infants with low levels of IL-12p70, FGF-basic, GM-CSF and TNF-α cytokines (OR: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.03-0.79) and high levels of IgA immunoglobulin (OR: 8.1; 95% CI: 1.45-45.06). HIV infected mothers were more likely to have infants with low levels of IgG2 (OR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.06-1.00) and IgA (OR: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.05-0.90) immunoglobulins. Notably, it was highly likely to deliver infants with low IgG4 levels (OR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.06-1.02) for maternal mean age above 30.38 years (Standard deviation 6.09) though not significant (p=0.05). Maternal E. histolytica asymptomatic carriage, and HIV-infection status result in low levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12p70, FGF-basic, GM-CSF and TNF-α and immunoglobulins IgG2, IgG4 and IgA on their infants.

Matched MeSH terms: HIV Infections/immunology*; HIV Infections/epidemiology; HIV Infections/transmission; HIV Infections/virology

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