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  1. Ee TX, Allen JC, Malhotra R, Koh H, Østbye T, Tan TC
    J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 2014 Apr;40(4):1002-8.
    PMID: 24611987 DOI: 10.1111/jog.12307
    To define the optimal gestational weight gain (GWG) for the multiethnic Singaporean population.
  2. Yang Y, Østbye T, Tan SB, Abdul Salam ZH, Ong BC, Yang KS
    J Diabetes Complications, 2011 Nov-Dec;25(6):382-6.
    PMID: 21983153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2011.08.002
    BACKGROUND:
    Among other risk factors, renal disease and ethnicity have been associated with diabetic lower extremity amputation (LEA) in Western populations. However, little is known about risk factors for LEA among Asian patients.

    OBJECTIVE:
    The objective was to assess the proportion of hospitalized patients with diabetes who have a LEA among all hospital patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and to investigate risk factors for diabetic LEA (especially renal disease and ethnicity) using hospital discharge database.

    METHOD:
    A retrospective study of hospital discharge database (2004-2009) was performed to identify patients with DM, LEA and renal disease using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Ninth Revision, Australian Modification codes.

    RESULTS:
    Of 44 917 hospitalized patients with DM during the 6 years, 7312 (16.3%) patients had renal disease, and 1457 (3.2%) patients had LEA. DM patients with renal disease had significant higher rates of LEA (7.1%) compared to DM patients without renal disease (2.5%, P < .001). The differences were present for foot (2.7% vs. 1.2%), ankle or leg (2.8% vs. 0.9%), and knee or above amputation (1.6% vs. 0.4%, all P
  3. Ng LW, Malhotra R, Lai D, Tai ES, Østbye T
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 2015 Mar;27(2):NP552-61.
    PMID: 23482708 DOI: 10.1177/1010539513479966
    To develop a better understanding of perceived barriers to and ideas for weight loss and maintenance among Malay homemakers in Singapore.
  4. Nadarajan GD, Pek PP, Blewer AL, Haedar A, Staton C, Wong KD, et al.
    Prehosp Emerg Care, 2024 Dec 19.
    PMID: 39700053 DOI: 10.1080/10903127.2024.2443472
    OBJECTIVES: International Prehospital Emergency Care (PEC) standards have been primarily developed by and for high resource settings. Most PEC systems in Asia, which are still in the early stages of development, struggle to achieve these standards. There is a need for an evaluation tool which can define achievable basic building blocks for PEC systems in low resource settings to improve quality of PEC. We aimed to identify the core, basic elements (building blocks of a PEC system) for a Prehospital Emergency Care Systems Evaluation Tool (PECSET) for low resource settings in Asia.

    METHODS: A 4-stage modified Delphi consensus method was used to engage 32 PEC experts from 12 Asian countries. Participants voted on 32 elements identified from a prior scoping review, focus group discussions, and survey. Each round of voting was conducted through an anonymous, web-based application and followed by face-to-face group discussions. The first two rounds aimed to answer, "Is the element important and feasible in a low resource setting?" The last two stages aimed to answer "Should this element be prioritized as core in the tool?" A thematic analysis of the recorded and transcribed discussions was used to identify participants' rationale for prioritization.

    RESULTS: After four rounds of voting, 12 elements were identified as core elements: 1) dispatch assisted instructions, 2) protocols for screening, triage and destination, (3) medical direction, 4) standardized training programs, 5) minimum ambulance standards, 6) operational metrics, 7) quality assurance, 8) operational safety protools, 9) essential patient care documentation, 10) medical records management, 11) layperson awareness and education and 12) universal access emergency number. However, the participants decided to include all 32 elements in the tool grouped into broader categories by percent agreement for a tiered approach for early, intermediate, and advanced PEC systems. Rationales for prioritization included a need for focus on basic infrastructure and building resilience in resource-stretched systems.

    CONCLUSIONS: Through a Delphi consensus process, stakeholders identified core elements for PEC systems in low resource settings. These findings will inform the development of a tool for quality assurance and monitoring in low resource settings in South and Southeast Asian countries.

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