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Fulltext Development of Highly Sensitive Immunosensor for Clenbuterol Detection by Using Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/Graphene Oxide Modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode

Talib NAA, Salam F, Sulaiman Y

Sensors (Basel), 2018 Dec 07;18(12).
PMID: 30544568 DOI: 10.3390/s18124324

Clenbuterol (CLB) is an antibiotic and illegal growth promoter drug that has a long half-life and easily remains as residue and contaminates the animal-based food product that leads to various health problems. In this work, electrochemical immunosensor based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/graphene oxide (PEDOT/GO) modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) for CLB detection was developed for antibiotic monitoring in a food product. The modification of SPCE with PEDOT/GO as a sensor platform was performed through electropolymerization, while the electrochemical assay was accomplished while using direct competitive format in which the free CLB and clenbuterol-horseradish peroxidase (CLB-HRP) in the solution will compete to form binding with the polyclonal anti-clenbuterol antibody (Ab) immobilized onto the modified electrode surface. A linear standard CLB calibration curve with R² = 0.9619 and low limit of detection (0.196 ng mL-1) was reported. Analysis of milk samples indicated that this immunosensor was able to detect CLB in real samples and the results that were obtained were comparable with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).
Fulltext Determination of phytate, iron, zinc, calcium contents and their molar ratios in commonly consumed raw and prepared food in malaysia

Norhaizan ME, Nor Faizadatul Ain AW

Malays J Nutr, 2009 Sep;15(2):213-22.
PMID: 22691819 MyJurnal

The inhibitory effect of phytate on the bioavailability of iron, zinc and calcium was determined by measuring their molar ratios. A total of 29 food samples consisting of 12 rice and rice products, 5 wheat and wheat products, 5 grains and cereal based products and 7 different popular varieties of cooked rice and rice products were selected. The phytate content was analysed using anion-exchange chromatography whereas mineral contents were analysed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry(AAS). One-way ANOVA test was used to statistically analyse the mean difference between the phytate and mineral contents between the food group samples. In general, results show that cooked products have lower content of phytate and minerals as compared to raw products. This could be due to the influence of the cooking method on phytate and mineral content in the food. Based on one-way ANOVA test, there were no significant difference in phytate and zinc content between four food groups (p >0.05). Significant differences were found only in iron and calcium content (p <0.05). Of the 29 food samples, 25 food samples had a phytate/iron molar ratio > 1, 5 food samples had a phytate/zinc molar ratio > 15 and 23 food samples had a phytate/calcium molar ratio of 0.24. These results show that although many of the food samples analysed had high mineral content, the high phytate content may impair the bioavailability of the mineral in the body.
Potent halogenated xanthone derivatives: synthesis, molecular docking and study on antityrosinase activity

Baharuddin FF, Mad Nasir N, Tejo BA, Koh SP, Ramakrishnan S, Nordin NQAA, et al.

J Asian Nat Prod Res, 2024 May;26(5):575-582.
PMID: 37796247 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2023.2264784

Tyrosinase inhibitors can reduce melanin production for skin whitening, but some existing products may harm the skin. This study discovered six compounds that inhibit tyrosinase in the mushroom Agaricus bisporus by over 50%. Compound 11 displayed strong inhibition (92.2% and 86.7%) for L-tyrosine and L-DOPA substrates, while compound 13 showed high inhibition (96.0% and 62.0%) for both substrates. Molecular docking simulations revealed compounds 11 and 13 bind at the allosteric site of the enzyme. Xanthone derivatives, based on these findings, hold potential as safe skin whitening agents and for pigmentation-related diseases in the cosmetic industry.
The Brussels consensus for non-invasive ICP monitoring when invasive systems are not available in the care of TBI patients (the B-ICONIC consensus, recommendations, and management algorithm)

Robba C, Picetti E, Vásquez-García S, Abulhasan YB, Ain A, Adeleye AO, et al.

Intensive Care Med, 2025 Jan;51(1):4-20.
PMID: 39847066 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-024-07756-2

BACKGROUND: Invasive systems are commonly used for monitoring intracranial pressure (ICP) in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and are considered the gold standard. The availability of invasive ICP monitoring is heterogeneous, and in low- and middle-income settings, these systems are not routinely employed due to high cost or limited accessibility. The aim of this consensus was to develop recommendations to guide monitoring and ICP-driven therapies in TBI using non-invasive ICP (nICP) systems.
METHODS: A panel of 41 experts, that regularly use nICP systems for guiding TBI care, was established. Three scoping and four systematic reviews with meta-analysis were performed summarizing the current global-literature evidence. A modified Delphi method was applied for the development of recommendations. An in-person meeting with group discussions and voting was conducted. Strong recommendations were defined for an agreement of at least 85%. Weak recommendations were defined for an agreement of 75-85%.
RESULTS: A total of 34 recommendations were provided (32 Strong, 2 Weak) divided into three domains: general consideration for nICP use, management of ICP using nICP methods and thresholds of nICP tools for escalating/de-escalating treatment. We developed four clinical algorithms for escalating treatment and heatmaps for de-escalating treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: Using a mixed-method approach involving literature review and an in-person consensus by experts, a set of recommendations designed to assist clinicians managing TBI patients using nICP systems plus clinical assessment, in the presence or absence of brain imaging, were built. Further clinical studies are required to validate the potential use of these recommendations in the daily clinical practice.