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Fulltext Sagittal Jaw Relationship of Different Types of Cleft and Non-cleft Individuals

Alam MK, Alfawzan AA, Haque S, Mok PL, Marya A, Venugopal A, et al.

Front Pediatr, 2021;9:651951.
PMID: 34026687 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.651951

To investigate whether the craniofacial sagittal jaw relationship in patients with non-syndromic cleft differed from non-cleft (NC) individuals by artificial intelligence (A.I.)-driven lateral cephalometric (Late. Ceph.) analysis. The study group comprised 123 subjects with different types of clefts including 29 = BCLP (bilateral cleft lip and palate), 41 = UCLP (unilateral cleft lip and palate), 9 = UCLA (unilateral cleft lip and alveolus), 13 = UCL (unilateral cleft lip) and NC = 31. The mean age was 14.77 years. SNA, SNB, ANB angle and Wits appraisal was measured in lateral cephalogram using a new innovative A.I driven Webceph software. Two-way ANOVA and multiple-comparison statistics tests were applied to see the differences between gender and among different types of clefts vs. NC individuals. A significant decrease (p < 0.005) in SNA, ANB, Wits appraisal was observed in different types of clefts vs. NC individuals. SNB (p > 0.005) showed insignificant variables in relation to type of clefts. No significant difference was also found in terms of gender in relation to any type of clefts and NC group. The present study advocates a decrease in sagittal development (SNA, ANB and Wits appraisal) in different types of cleft compared to NC individuals.
Fulltext Oral Health Status in Marfan Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 353 Cases

Alam MK, Alfawzan AA, Shrivastava D, Srivastava KC, Alswairki HJ, Mussallam S, et al.

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022 Apr 21;19(9).
PMID: 35564443 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095048

This meta-analysis aimed to compare Marfan syndrome (MFS) patients with non-MFS populations based on orofacial health status to combine publicly available scientific information while also improving the validity of primary study findings. A comprehensive search was performed in the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Medline, and Web of Science, for articles published between 1 January 2000 and 17 February 2022. PRISMA guidelines were followed to carry out this systematic review. We used the PECO system to classify people with MFS based on whether or not they had distinctive oral health characteristics compared to the non-MFS population. The following are some examples of how PECO is used: P denotes someone who has MFS; E stands for a medical or genetic assessment of MFS; C stands for people who do not have MFS; and O stands for the orofacial characteristics of MFS. Using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale, independent reviewers assessed the articles' methodological quality and extracted data. Four case-control studies were analyzed for meta-analysis. Due to the wide range of variability, we were only able to include data from at least three previous studies. There was a statistically significant difference in bleeding on probing and pocket depth between MFS and non-MFS subjects. MFS patients are more prone to periodontal tissue inflammation due to the activity of FBN1 and MMPs. Early orthodontic treatment is beneficial for the correction of a narrow upper jaw and a high palate, as well as a skeletal class II with retrognathism of the lower jaw and crowding of teeth.
Fulltext Craniofacial characteristics in Crouzon's syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Alam MK, Alfawzan AA, Abutayyem H, Kanwal B, Alswairki HJ, Verma S, et al.

Sci Prog, 2023;106(1):368504231156297.
PMID: 36803068 DOI: 10.1177/00368504231156297

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to strengthen the credibility of primary research results by combining open-source scientific material, namely a comparison of craniofacial features (Cfc) between Crouzon's syndrome (CS) patients and non-CS populations. All articles published up to October 7, 2021, were included in the search of PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Medline, and Web of Science. The PRISMA guidelines were followed to conduct this study. PECO framework was applied in the following ways: Those who have CS are denoted by the letter P, those who have been diagnosed with CS via clinical or genetic means by the letter E, those who do not have CS by the letter C, and those who have a Cfc of CS by the letter O. Independent reviewers collected the data and ranked the publications based on their adherence to the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. A total of six case-control studies were reviewed for this meta-analysis. Due to the large variation in cephalometric measures, only those published in at least two previous studies were included. This analysis found that CS patients had a smaller skull and mandible volumes than those without CS.in terms of SNA° (MD = -2.33, p = <0.001, I2 = 83.6%) and ANB°(MD = -1.89, p = <0.005, I2 = 93.1%)), as well as ANS (MD = -1.87, p = 0.001, I2 = 96.5%)) and SN/PP (MD = -1.99, p = 0.036, I2 = 77.3%)). In comparison to the general population, people with CS tend to have shorter and flatter cranial bases, smaller orbital volumes, and cleft palates. They differ from the general population in having a shorter skull base and more V-shaped maxillary arches.
Fulltext A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Cancer and Its Treatment Protocol on the Success of Orthodontic Treatment

Alam MK, Awawdeh M, Khanagar SB, Aboelmaaty W, Abutayyem H, Alswairki HJ, et al.

Cancers (Basel), 2023 Nov 13;15(22).
PMID: 38001647 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225387

BACKGROUND: There are several significant gaps in current studies of the relationship between anti-cancer medications and orthodontic care that call for more investigation. As a result, the main goals of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to summarise and assess the information that was available regarding the effect of radiotherapy and anti-cancer medications on the overall successful completion of an orthodontic treatment plan.
METHODS: A standardised data extraction form was devised in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis, with specific criteria implemented for selecting studies with low to moderate risk of bias.
RESULTS: Five studies involving different methodologies were selected at the conclusion of the search strategy. The statistical analysis revealed an estimated odds ratio (OR) of 0.31 and relative risk (RR) of 0.48, indicating a statistically significant association between the use of radiotherapy and anti-neoplastic drugs and a noticeable reduction in the successful completion of orthodontic treatment. The heterogeneity analysis showed significant heterogeneity among the studies.
CONCLUSIONS: This review emphasises that, although orthodontic therapies can still be beneficial for children receiving chemotherapy, the effectiveness of the therapy may be diminished in older populations. The findings further highlight how crucial it is to take cancer therapies into account when planning and managing orthodontic treatment in order to optimise results and reduce problems.
Fulltext Impact of various aligner auxiliaries on orthodontic activity: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

Khursheed Alam M, Hajeer MY, Shqaidef A, Alswairki HJ, Alfawzan AA, Shrivastava D, et al.

Saudi Dent J, 2024 Feb;36(2):199-207.
PMID: 38419986 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.10.013

BACKGROUND: It is imperative to analyze the forces and moments produced by various auxiliaries in order to select the optimal attachments and, eventually, to maximize the efficacy and efficiency of orthodontic therapy. Through this investigation, we aimed to highlight the impact of various aligner auxiliaries on orthodontic activity in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment on a pre/post treatment protocol basis.
METHODS: After a thorough search of the online journals, a total of 482 documents were found using keywords such as "Orthodontic Treatment", "Aligner Auxiliaries", "Elastic Ligatures" and "Tooth Movement." The database research, elimination of duplicate studies, data extraction and risk of bias were performed by the authors independently. This systematic review and network meta-analysis included prospective studies and clinical trials to evaluate research that had looked at the impact of various aligner auxiliaries on orthodontic activity in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.
RESULTS: Eight investigations of varying designs were selected for this review. The majority of investigations revealed that aligner auxiliaries significantly improve anterior root torque, rotation, and mesio-distal (M-D) movement, as well as posterior anchoring. They also significantly improved anterior root rotation. However, few studies have presented inconsistent or non-statistically significant findings.
CONCLUSION: Auxiliaries for aligners also appear to improve extrusion and other orthodontic movements, but there is insufficient evidence to support these claims. No research has examined posterior bucco-lingual expansion or tilting. Clarification of the effect of attachments and their related variables requires additional clinical investigations.