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Risk factors for low birth weight in Nigeria: evidence from the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey

Dahlui M, Azahar N, Oche OM, Aziz NA

Glob Health Action, 2016 Jan;9(1):28822.
PMID: 28156892 DOI: 10.3402/gha.v9.28822

Background Low birth weight (LBW) continues to be the primary cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Objective This study was undertaken to identify the predictors of LBW in Nigeria. Design The data for this study was extracted from the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey conducted by the National Population Commission. Several questionnaires were used in the survey, some covering questions on pregnancy characteristics. The inclusion criteria include mothers who gave birth to a child 5 years before the interview and aged 15-49 years who were either permanent residents or visitors present in the household on the night before the survey conducted. The birth weight of the infants was recorded from written records from the hospital cards or the mothers' recall. Results The prevalence of LBW in this study was 7.3%. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed an adjusted significant odds ratio for mothers from North West region (aOR 10.67; 95% CI [5.83-19.5]), twin pregnancy (aOR 5.11; 95% CI [3.11-8.39]), primiparous mother (aOR 2.08; 95% CI [1.15-3.77]), maternal weight of less than 70 kg (aOR 1.92; 95% CI [1.32-2.78]), and manual paternal employment (aOR 1.91; 95% CI [1.08-3.37]). Conclusions The risk factors for LBW identified in this study are modifiable. In order to reduce this menace in Nigeria, holistic approaches such as health education, maternal nutrition, improvement in socio-economic indices, and increasing the quality and quantity of the antenatal care services are of paramount importance.
Navigating the waves: understanding blood pressure amplitude and rhythm changes from childhood to adulthood

Mohd Azahar N, Isa MR, Ohashi M, Yano Y

J Hum Hypertens, 2024 Sep 09.
PMID: 39251750 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-024-00953-y
Fulltext HIV/AIDS Related Stigma and Discrimination against PLWHA in Nigerian Population

Dahlui M, Azahar N, Bulgiba A, Zaki R, Oche OM, Adekunjo FO, et al.

PLoS One, 2015;10(12):e0143749.
PMID: 26658767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143749

HIV/AIDS remain a major public health concern in Nigeria. People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) face not only personal medical problems but also social problems associated with the disease such as stigma and discriminatory attitudes. This study provides an insight into HIV/AIDS related stigma and discrimination against PLWHA in Nigeria.
Fulltext Association of nocturnal oxygen saturation with coronary artery calcification: cross-sectional evidence from the population-based SESSA study among Japanese men

Mondal R, Takashima N, Torii S, Harada A, Mohd Azahar N, Moniruzzaman M, et al.

BMJ Open, 2025 Feb 17;15(2):e082584.
PMID: 39961724 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-082584

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the associations of nocturnal oxygen saturation (SpO2) with prevalence of coronary artery calcification (CAC) and its level of burden, and whether the associations differ by obesity and mediate through diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidaemia and hypertension.
DESIGN: Observational study.
SETTING: Kusatsu, Shiga.
PARTICIPANTS: We analysed data from 510 Japanese men (aged 46-76 years) with no history of myocardial infarction.
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES: Mean SpO2, minimum SpO2 and oxygen desaturation index (ODI) were measured using overnight pulse oximetry (primary exposures), while CAC was assessed using CT. Prevalence of CAC (>0) and its burden (CAC 0, >0-100, >100-400 and>400) were evaluated as outcomes. Body mass index≥25.0 kg/m2 defined as obesity.
RESULTS: Mean±SD age was 66.7±7.2 years. The prevalence of CAC was 64.7% (CAC scores>0-100, 31.4%; >100-400, 20.0% and>400, 13.3%). In multivariable binary logistic regression, the OR and 95% CI for the prevalence of CAC were 1.25 (1.02 to 1.53) per 1-SD decrement in mean SpO2 and 1.25 (1.01 to 1.55) per 1-SD increment in ODI. The associations lost their significance while further adjusted for DM and dyslipidaemia. Similar trends were observed for the level of CAC burden in multivariable ordinal logistic regression. Obesity did not show significant interaction with SpO2 on CAC. In mediation analysis, the OR (95% CI) for natural indirect effect; percentage mediated through dyslipidaemia in association of 1-SD decrement in mean SpO2 with prevalence of CAC were 1.06 (1.01 to 1.10); 25.4%. These estimates for mediation through DM and dyslipidaemia for 1-SD increment in ODI in the associations were 1.07 (1.01 to 1.12); 29.6% and 1.04 (1.00 to 1.08); 17.5%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Lower mean SpO2 and higher ODI are associated with CAC among Japanese men, independent of age, lifestyle factors and obesity. The associations became non-significant after adjusting for diabetes and dyslipidaemia, but were mediated through these factors.