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Fulltext Microleakage evaluation in teeth restored with experimental dental nanocomposite

Rana K. Al-Bayati, Rao, Gururajaprasad Kaggal Lakshmana, Dasmawati Mohamad, Azman Seeni, Norehan Mokhtar

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2018;14(102):1-6.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the experimental nanocomposite (Kelfil) against microleakage when bonded with two different types of bonding systems. Methods: Sixty sound extracted human permanent incisors were divided into six groups randomly. Each tooth was prepared with standardised Class III cavity on each proximal surface. The teeth were immersed in Rhodamin B dye for ten hours and sectioned to analyse the depth of dye penetration. The depth of the dye penetration was measured in micrometres by using confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Results: The depth of the dye penetration in the groups was compared by ANOVA test. The results showed comparable microleakage between different types of composites. Conclusion: The experimental nanocomposite (Kelfil) in comparison to the commercially available nanocomposite and micro-hybrid composite has comparable microleakage when bonded using self-etching and total-etched adhesive systems.
Fulltext Antibacterial activity of heterogeneous TIO2 and ZNO nanoparticles against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial pathogens

Nor Hazliana Harun, Sreekantan, Srimala, Khairul Arifah Saharudin, Khor, Yong Ling, Norfatehah Basiron, Azman Seeni, et al.

Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, 2018;3(1):75-78.
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Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are responsible for over 40% of cases in acute-care hospitals and commonly associated with catheter-sassociated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). Current nanotechnology approach focus on improving the aseptic procedures for medical devices and manage the HAIs risk. TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely reported independently, to have a photocatalytic killing potential. The present study evaluates the antibacterial activity of heterojunction between TiO2 and ZnO NPs on several types bacterial pathogens model including Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antibacterial screening test on TiO2/ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were done under dark and light conditions with different molar ratio 25T75Z, 50T50Z and 75T25Z according to Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines MO2-A11. ZnO and TiO2/ZnO (25T75Z and 50T50Z) NPs at the highest concentration (1000µg/µL) showed mean diameters of the zones of inhibition (mm); (12.5 ± 0.58), (12.13 ± 0.85), and (7.25 ± 1.44) in dark condition. Increment in inhibition zones was obtained under light condition; (21.38 ± 0.48), (17.50 ± 1.0), and (12.38 ± 1.80). Findings from this study highlights the heterogeneous TiO2 and ZnO NPs could become a promising bacteriostatic and/or bactericidal agent to combat against the HAIs.
Fulltext Shape-dependent antibacterial activity against escherichia coli of zinc oxide nanoparticles

Nor Hazliana Harun, Mydin, Rabiatul Basria S.M.N., Sreekantan, Srimala, Khairul Arifah Saharudin, Norfatehah Basiron, Fakrul Radhi, et al.

Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, 2018;3(2):35-38.
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Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) has become as promising candidate for antibacterial agents against Escherichia coli (E.coli), commensal hospital- acquired infections (HAIs). This study investigates the antibacterial action of ZnO NPs in three difference shapes; nanorod, nanoflakes and nanospheres against E.coli ATCC 25922. The antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs was determine through two standard protocols known as Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) MO2-A11 under light conditions of 5.70 w/m2 and American standard test method (ASTM) E-2149. Preliminary screening shows ZnO NPs did not inhibit the growth of E.coli. Further analysis using ASTM E-2149 in dynamic conditions revealed antibacterial activity after 3 hours with 100% reduction for ZnO NPs nanoflakes and 6 hours with 94.63% reduction for ZnO nanospheres, respectively. It demonstrated the ZnO NPs in nanoflakes and nanospheres exerted higher antibacterial activity possibly through release of ios, free radicals, ROS generation and electrostatic collision which contribute to bacterial death. Further analysis is needed to investigate biocompatibility of these samples for future biomedical applications.
Fulltext Shape-Dependent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

Nor Hazliana Harun, Rabiatul Basria S. M. N. Mydin, Khairul Arifah Saharudin, Sreekantan, Srimala, Khor Yong Ling, Norfatehah Basiron, et al.

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2018;14(102):1-6.
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There is a growing concern in using zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) for medical devices as alternative options in reducing hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). The commensal HAIs; Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) infect patients and lead to increased rates of morbidity and mortality. This study aims to investigate the antibacterial action of ZnO NPs in three different shapes; nanorod, nanoflakes and nanospheres impregnated in low-density polyethylene (LDPE) against S.aureus ATCC 25923. Methods: The antibacterial efficiency of ZnO NPs was studied through two standard test methods included were based on Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines MO2-A11 under light conditions of 5.70 w/m2 and American standard test method (ASTM) E-2149. Results: Preliminary screening did show a significant growth inhibition against S.aureus with ZnO NPs nanorod and nanoflakes, approximately in 7 to 8 mm zones of inhibition. Further analysis using ASTM E-2149 in dynamic conditions revealed variable activity depending on incubation treatment periods. It demonstrated the ZnO NPs in nanoflakes and nanosphere shape showed better inhibition against S.aureus with maximum reduction (100%). The FESEM results strongly suggest that the structure of ZnO nanoflakes and nanosphere played an importance role in nanomaterial-bacteria interaction which consequently cause cell membrane damage. Additionally, the irradiation under light treatment also enhance the generation of ROS and free radicals which helps the bactericidal activity against S.aureus. Conclusion: This study provides new insights for the antibacterial action of ZnO NPs/LDPE thin films in future biomedical appliances to reduce HAIs risks.
Fulltext Growth inhibitory effects of crude pomegranate peel extract on chronic myeloid leukemia, K562 cells

Asmaa MJ, Ali AJ, Farid JM, Azman S

Int J Appl Basic Med Res, 2015;5(2):100-5.
PMID: 26097816 DOI: 10.4103/2229-516X.157154

BACKGROUND: Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is currently a member of Lythraceae family which has potentially cytotoxic activities. Numerous studies have been done on cytotoxic components of pomegranate's juices, barks and leaves. The peels, which considered as a waste, contain higher antioxidant components compared with other parts of the plant.
AIM: To investigate the potential anti-cancer activity of pomegranate peel on growth and cell death mechanisms of chronic myeloid leukemic (CML) cells, K562.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Punica granatum peels extract (PGPE) was extracted by successive ethanol extraction, 80% (v/v), freeze dried, diluted to 20 mg/mL working concentration and was subjected to phytochemical screening. K562 cell was treated with crude PGPE for 72 h. Following IC50 concentration, the apoptosis, cell cycle and protein analysis were evaluated. Cell growth inhibition assay was performed by conventional trypan blue exclusion assay. Apoptosis and cell cycle were analyzed by flow-cytometry using BD apoptosis and cell cycle kits and protein analysis by western blotting. All the results are expressed as mean ± standard error of mean of three independent experiments. Statistical analysis was performed by nonparametric Mann-Whitney U-test.
RESULTS: Results demonstrated that PGPE promotes growth inhibition of K562 cells mainly via G2/M phase arrest while still conserving apoptosis induction, but at a lower rate. Apoptosis activities were proposed by the up-regulation of caspases and cytochrome c with an elevated level of p21 and p53.
CONCLUSION: PGPE caused an inhibition in cell proliferation of CML cell mainly by cell cycle arrest.