This study demonstrates that solar power integration in metro rail systems is feasible to enhance urban sustainability. Solar-powered metro rail systems provide a sustainable alternative to conventional grid-powered transit by decreasing dependence on fossil fuels, lowering carbon footprints, and reducing environmental impacts. The paper analyzes design and technical constraints emphasizing the potential to use solar power to improve urban transport infrastructure with cleaner and more resilient alternatives. The resulting multi-disciplinary findings, across all relevant aspects of urbanization, provide data-driven insights and recommendations for authorities in urban planning and transportation decision-making processes, ultimately fostering the development of sustainable and livable cities for the present and future generations.
This study introduces a novel hybrid system in which piezoelectric and geothermal properties are integrated into basalt and quartz stones to generate green electricity. The same is satisfied by the energy conversion capability, high thermal holding capacity, and the strong piezoelectricity of quartz. This study uses these mechanisms to develop a hybrid system generating constant, reliable, and sustainable energy. The results prove that the system can convert heat into electricity and expand to remote and off-grid areas. The work demonstrates stone heat retention, electric power generation, and integrated system efficiency to provide an accessible, low-cost, scalable alternative to available renewable energy systems. The results present a basis for realizing these properties as an abundant and reliable energy provider and offer a new alternative to traditional renewable technologies.
This paper addresses the synthesis and analysis of advanced control strategies in photovoltaic (PV) based smart grids with distributed generation, focusing on grid support and grid-forming inverters. The penetration level of renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic (PV) systems is on the rise, and maintaining grid reliability, smooth power management, and secure power-sharing has become difficult. It is anticipated that the control approaches are able to optimally allocate power among PV generation, energy storage systems and load without compromising on grid-tied stability in both on-grid and island modes of operation. These kinds of grid-support inverters can offer essential ancillary services as voltage and frequency regulation, which should be cost-effectively supported in a grid-connected operation. In isolated mode, however, the grid-forming inverters are in normal operation. The novel optimal power-sharing strategy developed in this paper can further achieve real-time coordination of distribution generation units' power allocation, to reduce dependence on PV output variation. Results from the simulations, carried out using Simulink, demonstrate that these methods result in direct assistance in grid operation, loss reduction and system restoration. Based on the results, the proposed system has a superior ability in terms of power regulation, stability and quality control than conventional methods.