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Fulltext Comparison of biocompatibility and biodegradability of Poly(Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid) (PLGA) combined with Autologous Fibrin versus PLGA for intra-articular screw fixation; an Invivo study with New Zealand white rabbits the microradiograph outcome

Balakrishnan, Theenesh, Ahmad Hafiz Zulkifli, Munirah Sha'ban, Nurul Hafiza Mohd Jan, Mohd Zulfadzli Ibrahim, Noorhidayah Md Nazir

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(11):30-30.
MyJurnal

The great potential of biodegradable polymers in orthopaedic surgery is
gradually being recognized. PLGA is one of the common polymers used. However, long
term outcomes, with regards to PLGA, are still not well documented. Hence, we
attempted to study the outcome of PLGA and also its combination with fibrin. (Copied from article).
Enhancing Consistency in Posterior Malleolus Fracture Classification: A Comprehensive Interobserver Reliability Study With 20 Raters Using the Mason & Molloy Classification

Theyvan Balakrishnan T, Bilal A, Fitzpatrick N, Dahiya R, Soelar SA, Khalid K, et al.

Cureus, 2023 Nov;15(11):e48586.
PMID: 38024046 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48586

INTRODUCTION: Over the past decade, there has been a growing interest in the identification and treatment of posterior malleolus fragments, driven by a better understanding of their significance. The Mason & Molloy (M&M) classification system has emerged as a valuable tool for systematically categorizing these fractures and assisting clinicians in formulating treatment. We aim to assess the interobserver reliability of the M&M classification for posterior malleolus fracture by using 20 raters.
METHODOLOGY: The study was conducted at a major foot and ankle referral center in Wythenshawe, Manchester, UK. Thirty-eight Computed Tomography (CT) scans were evaluated by 20 independent raters: 15 general orthopedic and trauma surgeons plus five foot and ankle surgeons. Each rater classified the posterior malleolus fracture according to M&M classification into type 1, 2A, 2B, 3, or not classifiable. Statistical analysis was done with the R software package and SPSS (v26; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Fleiss kappa (κ) coefficient with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was applied.
RESULTS: The interobserver agreement was moderate with a global κ value of 0.531 (95% CI: 0.518, 0.544). There were good agreements for identifying type 3 M&M (κ=0.785) and those that are not applicable for M&M classification (κ=0.785). There was a strong correlation between all raters in using M&M classification (Tb=0.53-0.59) except for Rater 12.
CONCLUSION: M&M classification remains a valuable tool to guide the management of patients with these subsets of ankle fractures.

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