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Quantum Dots: Next Generation of Smart Nano-Systems

Jahangir MA, Gilani SJ, Muheem A, Jafar M, Aslam M, Ansari MT, et al.

Pharm Nanotechnol, 2019;7(3):234-245.
PMID: 31486752 DOI: 10.2174/2211738507666190429113906

BACKGROUND: The amalgamation of biological sciences with nano stuff has significantly expedited the progress of biological strategies, greatly promoting practical applications in biomedical fields.
OBJECTIVE: With distinct optical attributes (e.g., robust photostability, restricted emission spectra, tunable broad excitation, and high quantum output), fluorescent quantum dots (QDs) have been feasibly functionalized with manageable interfaces and considerably utilized as a new class of optical probe in biological investigations.
METHODS: In this review article, we structured the current advancements in the preparation methods and attributes of QDs. Furthermore, we extend an overview of the outstanding potential of QDs for biomedical research and radical approaches to drug delivery.
CONCLUSION: Notably, the applications of QDs as smart next-generation nanosystems for neuroscience and pharmacokinetic studies have been explained. Moreover, recent interests in the potential toxicity of QDs are also apprised, ranging from cell investigations to animal studies.
Selective targeting of cancer signaling pathways with nanomedicines: challenges and progress

Barkat HA, Das SS, Barkat MA, Beg S, Hadi HA

Future Oncol, 2020 Dec;16(35):2959-2979.
PMID: 32805124 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0198

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Regardless of advances in understanding the molecular mechanics of cancer, its treatment is still lacking and the death rates for many forms of the disease remain the same as six decades ago. Although a variety of therapeutic agents and strategies have been reported, these therapies often failed to provide efficient therapy to patients as a consequence of the inability to deliver right and adequate chemotherapeutic agents to the right place. However, the situation has started to revolutionize substantially with the advent of novel 'targeted' nanocarrier-based cancer therapies. Such therapies hold great potential in cancer management as they are biocompatible, tailored to specific needs, tolerated and deliver enough drugs at the targeted site. Their use also enhances the delivery of chemotherapeutics by improving biodistribution, lowering toxicity, inhibiting degradation and increasing cellular uptake. However, in some instances, nonselective targeting is not enough and the inclusion of a ligand moiety is required to achieve tumor targeting and enhanced drug accumulation at the tumor site. This contemporary review outlines the targeting potential of nanocarriers, highlighting the essentiality of nanoparticles, tumor-associated molecular signaling pathways, and various biological and pathophysiological barriers.
Phytoconstituents in the Management of Covid-19: Demystifying the Fact

Barkat MA, Kaushik P, Barkat HA, Khan MI, Hadi HA

Drug Res (Stuttg), 2022 Jan 03.
PMID: 34979573 DOI: 10.1055/a-1697-5365

The 2019-nCoV (COVID-19; novel coronavirus disease-2019) outbreak is caused by the coronavirus, and its continued spread is responsible for increasing deaths, social and economic burden. COVID-19 created a chaotic situation worldwide and claimed the lives of over 5,027,183 and 248,467,363 confirmed cases have been reported so far as per the data published by WHO (World Health Organization) till 5th November 2021. Scientific communities all over the world are toiling to find a suitable therapeutic drug for this deadly disease. Although till date no promising drug has been discovered for this COVID-19. However, as per the WHO, over 102 COVID-19 vaccines are in clinical development and 185 in pre-clinical development. Naturally occurring phytoconstituents possess considerable chemical richness in the form of anti-viral and anti-parasitic potential and have been extensively exploited for the same globally. Still, phytomedicine-based therapies are considered as the best available treatment option to minimize and treat the symptoms of COVID-19 because of the least possible side effects compared to synthetic drugs recommended by the physicians/clinicians. In this review, the use of plant chemicals as a possible therapeutic agent for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV2) is highlighted with their proposed mechanism of action, which will prove fruitful and effective in finding a cure for this deadly disease.
Fulltext Aging and Wound Healing of the Skin: A Review of Clinical and Pathophysiological Hallmarks

Khalid KA, Nawi AFM, Zulkifli N, Barkat MA, Hadi H

Life (Basel), 2022 Dec 19;12(12).
PMID: 36556508 DOI: 10.3390/life12122142

Aging is a universal process that can cause diminished function of organs and various diseases. The most striking consequences of aging can be seen visibly on the skin, which acts as a barrier against various external insults. Aging of the skin consists of intrinsic and extrinsic processes that work in concert and influence each other. Intrinsic aging involves biochemical degenerative processes that gradually takes place with age. Extrinsic aging are biochemical processes driven by external influences that lead to aging. There are significant morphological changes at all levels in aged skin that have a profound effect on the characteristics of the skin. Even though skin is subjected to damage by external insults, it is equipped with a healing capability in order to restore its normal structure and function. However, aging has a significant impact on the skin's healing function by prolonging the inflammatory phase and increasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This shifts the healing process towards having more protein degradation, which can lead to chronic wound healing with an abundance of complications.
Nanomedicine-driven therapeutic interventions of autophagy and stem cells in the management of Alzheimer's disease

Alhodieb FS, Rahman MA, Barkat MA, Alanezi AA, Barkat HA, Hadi HA, et al.

Nanomedicine (Lond), 2023 Mar 20.
PMID: 36938800 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2022-0108

Drug-loaded, brain-targeted nanocarriers could be a promising tool in overcoming the challenges associated with Alzheimer's disease therapy. These nanocargoes are enormously flexible to functionalize and facilitate the delivery of drugs to brain cells by bridging the blood-brain barrier and into brain cells. To date, modifications have included nanoparticles (NPs) coating with tunable surfactants/phospholipids, covalently attaching polyethylene glycol chains (PEGylation), and tethering different targeting ligands to cell-penetrating peptides in a manner that facilitates their entry across the BBB and downregulates various pathological hallmarks as well as intra- and extracellular signaling pathways. This review provides a brief update on drug-loaded, multifunctional nanocarriers and the therapeutic intervention of autophagy and stem cells in the management of Alzheimer's disease.
Secondary metabolites in topical infectious diseases and nanomedicine applications

Sahoo A, Dwivedi K, Almalki WH, Mandal AK, Alhamyani A, Afzal O, et al.

Nanomedicine (Lond), 2024 Apr 23.
PMID: 38651634 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2024-0017

Topical infection affects nearly one-third of the world's population; it may result from poor sanitation, hygienic conditions and crowded living and working conditions that accelerate the spread of topical infectious diseases. The problems associated with the anti-infective agents are drug resistance and long-term therapy. Secondary metabolites are obtained from plants, microorganisms and animals, but they are metabolized inside the human body. The integration of nanotechnology into secondary metabolites is gaining attention due to their interaction at the subatomic and skin-tissue levels. Hydrogel, liposomes, lipidic nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles and metallic nanoparticles are the most suitable carriers for secondary metabolite delivery. Therefore, the present review article extensively discusses the topical applications of nanomedicines for the effective delivery of secondary metabolites.