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Fulltext Review of challenges and key enablers in energy systems towards net zero target: Renewables, storage, buildings, & grid technologies

Fernandez MI, Go YI, Wong DML, Früh WG

Heliyon, 2024 Dec 15;10(23):e40691.
PMID: 39687088 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40691

Carbon emissions are increasing due to continued urban developments and the growth of the human population, leading to environmental issues such as global warming. Moving towards the future, projected population growth will cause an increase in energy demand. Without the transition to cleaner energy generation, a high dependency on electricity generation by fossil fuels will emit more harmful gases, worsening the impacts of global warming. Therefore, the energy industry is moving towards cleaner alternatives through renewable energy (RE) technologies. However, in the future power grid, more technological development and implementation of cutting-edge research methods will be required to upsurge the percentage of clean electricity generation to attain net zero. Renewables, energy storage systems (ESS), grid technologies, and building energy management systems (BEMS) are key technologies emerging to aid green electrification in the electricity, industry, commercial and transportation sectors. This review discusses the technical challenges and solutions that contribute towards achieving net-zero energy systems. A systematic review was conducted on research methods related to the optimal planning of renewable energy systems, ESS, power system devices, and BEMS which are research areas that are moving towards being optimally integrated in the future energy system. Based on the review, we propose new gaps to be addressed in the development of energy system modelling tools. These tools should seamlessly integrate methods for energy storage related to voltage support, microgrid dispatch strategies, optimal reactive power flow in electrical networks, and energy management in buildings. This integration will enhance the capability of these tools to incorporate detailed analyses into broader energy balance simulations for large geographical regions. This review paper aims to guide researchers in identifying and addressing specific gaps in future research directions within these research areas, thereby advancing the knowledge base and informing subsequent studies.
Amino acid sequence similarity of Hev b 3 to two previously reported 27- and 23-kDa latex proteins allergenic to spina bifida patients

Yeang HY, Ward MA, Zamri AS, Dennis MS, Light DR

Allergy, 1998 May;53(5):513-9.
PMID: 9636811

Separate studies have reported spina bifida patients to be especially allergic to proteins of 27 and 23 kDa found in the serum of centrifuged natural rubber latex. An insoluble latex protein located on the surface of small rubber particles, Hev b 3, has similarly been found to be allergenic to spina bifida patients. In this study, internal amino acid sequences of Hev b 3 showed similarity to the published sequences for the 27- and 23-kDa latex proteins. The latter allergens are hence identified as Hev b 3. Determination of the molecular weight of Hev b 3 revealed various species of 22-23 kDa. The consistent gaps of about 266 Da observed between various forms of the intact protein suggest that the protein undergoes post-translational modification. To determine whether Hev b 3 also occurs in a soluble form in the latex serum, its presence in molecular-filtered serum was checked by ELISA and Western blot. The results showed Hev b 3 to be largely absent in the C-serum from fresh latex. The protein is therefore insoluble in its native state. However, a small amount of the solubilized protein was detected in ammonia-stabilized latex (commonly used in the manufacture of latex products).
Fulltext Asia-Pacific working group consensus on non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: an update 2018

Sung JJ, Chiu PW, Chan FKL, Lau JY, Goh KL, Ho LH, et al.

Gut, 2018 10;67(10):1757-1768.
PMID: 29691276 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316276

Non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding remains an important emergency condition, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. As endoscopic therapy is the 'gold standard' of management, treatment of these patients can be considered in three stages: pre-endoscopic treatment, endoscopic haemostasis and post-endoscopic management. Since publication of the Asia-Pacific consensus on non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB) 7 years ago, there have been significant advancements in the clinical management of patients in all three stages. These include pre-endoscopy risk stratification scores, blood and platelet transfusion, use of proton pump inhibitors; during endoscopy new haemostasis techniques (haemostatic powder spray and over-the-scope clips); and post-endoscopy management by second-look endoscopy and medication strategies. Emerging techniques, including capsule endoscopy and Doppler endoscopic probe in assessing adequacy of endoscopic therapy, and the pre-emptive use of angiographic embolisation, are attracting new attention. An emerging problem is the increasing use of dual antiplatelet agents and direct oral anticoagulants in patients with cardiac and cerebrovascular diseases. Guidelines on the discontinuation and then resumption of these agents in patients presenting with NVUGIB are very much needed. The Asia-Pacific Working Group examined recent evidence and recommends practical management guidelines in this updated consensus statement.
Fulltext A systematic review of current national hospital-based stroke registries monitoring access to evidence-based care and patient outcomes

Leigh C, Gill J, Razak Z, Shreyan S, Cadilhac DA, Kim J, et al.

Eur Stroke J, 2025 Jan 21.
PMID: 39835448 DOI: 10.1177/23969873241311821

BACKGROUND: National stroke clinical quality registries/audits support improvements in stroke care. In a 2016 systematic review, 28 registries were identified. Since 2016 there have been important advances in stroke care, including the development of thrombectomy services. Therefore, we sought to understand whether registries have evolved with these advances in care. The aim of this systematic review was to identify current, hospital-based national stroke registries/audits and describe variables (processes, outcome), methods, funding and governance).
METHODS: We searched four databases (21st May 2015 to 1st February 2024), grey literature and stroke organisations' websites. Initially two reviewers screened each citation; when agreement was satisfactory, one of four reviewers screened each citation. The same process was applied to full texts. If there were no new publications from registries identified in the original 2016 review, we contacted the registry leads. We extracted data using predefined categories on country (including income level), clinical/process variables, methods, funding and governance.
RESULTS: We found 37 registries from 31 countries (28 high income, four upper-middle income, five lower-middle income) of which 16 had been identified in 2016 and 21 were new. Twenty-two of the same variables were collected by >50% of registries/audits (mostly acute care, including thrombectomy, and secondary prevention), compared with only four variables in 2016. Descriptions of funding, management, methods of consent and data privacy, follow-up, feedback to hospitals, linkage to other datasets and alignment of variables with guidelines were variably reported. Reasons for apparent termination of some registries was unclear.
CONCLUSIONS: The total number of stroke registries has increased since 2016, and the number of variables collected has increased, reflecting advances in stroke care. However, some registries appeared to have ceased; the reasons are unclear.