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Fulltext Advancing sustainability in urban transportation: A solar-powered metro rail system

Bagdadee AH, Al Mamoon I, Dewi DA, Varadarajan V, Zhang L, Mondal AU

PLoS One, 2025;20(3):e0320016.
PMID: 40132029 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0320016

This study demonstrates that solar power integration in metro rail systems is feasible to enhance urban sustainability. Solar-powered metro rail systems provide a sustainable alternative to conventional grid-powered transit by decreasing dependence on fossil fuels, lowering carbon footprints, and reducing environmental impacts. The paper analyzes design and technical constraints emphasizing the potential to use solar power to improve urban transport infrastructure with cleaner and more resilient alternatives. The resulting multi-disciplinary findings, across all relevant aspects of urbanization, provide data-driven insights and recommendations for authorities in urban planning and transportation decision-making processes, ultimately fostering the development of sustainable and livable cities for the present and future generations.
Harnessing geothermal and piezoelectric properties of stone for sustainable electricity generation

Bagdadee AH, Mondal AU, Zhang L, Dewi DA, Varadarajan V

Sci Rep, 2025 Mar 27;15(1):10582.
PMID: 40148436 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-95213-5

This study introduces a novel hybrid system in which piezoelectric and geothermal properties are integrated into basalt and quartz stones to generate green electricity. The same is satisfied by the energy conversion capability, high thermal holding capacity, and the strong piezoelectricity of quartz. This study uses these mechanisms to develop a hybrid system generating constant, reliable, and sustainable energy. The results prove that the system can convert heat into electricity and expand to remote and off-grid areas. The work demonstrates stone heat retention, electric power generation, and integrated system efficiency to provide an accessible, low-cost, scalable alternative to available renewable energy systems. The results present a basis for realizing these properties as an abundant and reliable energy provider and offer a new alternative to traditional renewable technologies.
Fulltext Optimization of power management in PV-based smart grids using grid-support and grid-forming inverters

Bagdadee AH, Mamoon IA, Dewi DA, Islam AKMM, Zhang L

PLoS One, 2026;21(2):e0338191.
PMID: 41678517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0338191

This paper addresses the synthesis and analysis of advanced control strategies in photovoltaic (PV) based smart grids with distributed generation, focusing on grid support and grid-forming inverters. The penetration level of renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic (PV) systems is on the rise, and maintaining grid reliability, smooth power management, and secure power-sharing has become difficult. It is anticipated that the control approaches are able to optimally allocate power among PV generation, energy storage systems and load without compromising on grid-tied stability in both on-grid and island modes of operation. These kinds of grid-support inverters can offer essential ancillary services as voltage and frequency regulation, which should be cost-effectively supported in a grid-connected operation. In isolated mode, however, the grid-forming inverters are in normal operation. The novel optimal power-sharing strategy developed in this paper can further achieve real-time coordination of distribution generation units' power allocation, to reduce dependence on PV output variation. Results from the simulations, carried out using Simulink, demonstrate that these methods result in direct assistance in grid operation, loss reduction and system restoration. Based on the results, the proposed system has a superior ability in terms of power regulation, stability and quality control than conventional methods.
Fulltext The SmartGlove BISINDO Wearable Sensor and Large Language Model-Based Sign Language-to-Speech System for Users With Communication Disorders: Design Science Research Study

Suhartono S, Yulianto B, Arafah B, Andajani K, Kholiq A, Latief MRA, et al.

JMIR Rehabil Assist Technol, 2026 Oct 22;13:e96258.
PMID: 42912958 DOI: 10.2196/96258

BACKGROUND: In Indonesia, people with communication disorders predominantly communicate using Bahasa Isyarat Indonesia (BISINDO). Nevertheless, all current systems for BISINDO recognition generate fragmented, word-by-word output and lack natural language generation (NLG) capabilities, thereby fundamentally constraining their communicative utility.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to develop, validate, and field-evaluate SmartGlove BISINDO, an AI-assisted wearable sign language-to-speech system that embeds large language model (LLM)-powered NLG into a BISINDO translation pipeline for the first time.
METHODS: This study followed the design science research (DSR) framework, covering phases 1 through 5 (problem identification, solution objectives, prototype design and development, demonstration, and evaluation). Data were collected from 12 purposively selected informants (6 domain experts and 6 deaf education companions/teachers) across 3 Indonesian cities (Malang, Surabaya, and Makassar), using a needs-analysis questionnaire and an expert validation sheet, and analyzed through statistical triangulation of agreement percentage, content validity ratio (CVR), and Aiken V. The validated prototype was field-tested in Makassar and Malang with 15 participants with communication disorders and 4 observers or companions; it was evaluated by a disability expert in Surabaya.
RESULTS: The needs analysis yielded a grand mean of 4.77 (SD 0.51) across 4 clusters, with 89% mean agreement, indicating very high priority for all identified needs. The prototype's 5-layer architecture integrates wearable sensors, on-device gesture classification, and LLM-based NLG. Expert validation showed an overall Aiken V of 0.94, with all 14 items exceeding the 0.75 validity cutoff and with 11/14 items (79%) rated highly valid (V>0.90). The grand mean CVR was 0.76 (SD 0.16), exceeding the Lawshe minimum threshold of 0.56 (P