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  1. Kamaluddin, M.R., Hassan, S.K., Dharmalingam, T. K.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Despite general acknowledgement of the importance in assessing family needs in critical care
    patients, there is no psychometric instrument to measure the family needs within Malaysian settings. This
    study aimed to perform factorial validation and establish psychometric properties of Malay translated
    Critical Care Family Need Inventory (CCFNI-M) for Malaysians. Methods: This study consisted of four
    protocols: Forward-Backward translation, validity, internal reliability and inter domain correlations phases.
    The factorial validation of the CCFNI-M was based on its administration to 109 family members of critical
    care patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
    At validity phase, factorial validation was performed using Exploratory Factor Analysis using Principal
    Component Analysis with Varimax rotation. The internal consistency and inter domain correlations were
    calculated using Cronbach’s alpha and Pearson correlation coefficient respectively. Results: Preliminary
    analyses reported the suitability of data for factorial validation. With reference to the original CCFNI, five
    factors were extracted which explained 49.4% of the total variance. After removal of several items for
    different reasons, the final items in CCFNI-M were 42. The internal consistency values for five dimensions
    ranged from 0.72 to 0.87 with inter domain correlation values (r) among the dimensions ranged between
    0.36 and 0.61. Conclusion: The high measures of factorial validity, internal consistency and inter domain
    correlations values of the CCFNI-M make it suitable measure for assessing the family needs of critical care
    patients.
  2. Dharmalingam TK, Muniandy RK
    Med J Malaysia, 2020 01;75(1):68-73.
    PMID: 32008024
    INTRODUCTION: Doctors play an important role to assess and manage pain. Failing to do so properly, pain will affect the quality of life and increase the length of hospital stay for patients. In Queen Elizabeth Hospital (QEH), Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, pain assessment and management programs have been conducted on a regular basis. However, there has been no studies to assess the effectiveness of these programs.

    METHODOLOGY: This is a cross-sectional study to assess the knowledge and attitude on pain assessment and management among medical officers at QEH. A universal sampling technique was used, to represent medical officers from major clinical departments. The Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain (KASRP) questionnaire was used for this study.

    RESULTS: A total of 278 questionnaires were distributed to medical officers. The study sample consisted of 125 females (44.9%), and 153 males (55.1%). The age group of the participants ranged from 25 to 41 years old. A 116 respondents scored less than 60% on the knowledge of pain (41.7%). These findings show there was a deficit in their knowledge and attitude about pain. There was also a difference of scores between genders, where the male doctors performed better than the female doctors. There was a difference between scores among doctors from different departments. The highest mean score was from the department of Anaesthesia (80.2%). There was also a difference regarding pain knowledge based on the years of working as a doctor, where the highest passing rate was from doctors working for more than five years.

    CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that there is a lack of knowledge and attitude on pain assessment and management among QEH medical officers who responded to this study. This will support the plan on a more aggressive and continuous education programme to improve pain assessment and management among doctors in QEH.

  3. Dharmalingam TK, Rajah U, Muniandy RK
    Med J Malaysia, 2023 Jul;78(4):472-475.
    PMID: 37518914
    INTRODUCTION: Patients with chronic pain have been one of the most difficult patients to manage during the COVID-19 pandemic. As pain physicians navigate through this pandemic in order to maintain contact with their patients, telemedicine emerged as a very useful tool. It helped patients to access care despite being in distant areas, or during the lockdown period. The objective of this research is to assess the perception of chronic pain patients who received telemedicine therapy. Self-efficacy and coping level of pain among these chronic pain patients were also assessed.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study involving patients who are under follow-up at the Chronic Pain Clinic, Hospital Pulau Pinang for more than a year and received telemedicine during this pandemic. Participants had to fill out a self-administered questionnaire. Once respondents completed the questionnaires, the answered questionnaires were collected for analysis.

    RESULTS: A total of 154 patients between 22 and 88 years old were included in this study. Most of the participants had a history of pain for more than 3 years (44.2%). The majority of our patients are still working (55.8%). From the patients who were working, 7.8% of them lost their jobs during the pandemic. 31.2% of patients reported that the pain condition had worsened while the rest did not experience any difference in their pain condition. More than half (59%) of the patients' reported telemedicine was beneficial for their pain management, while only 41% felt that their telemedicine was helpless for their pain management during the pandemic.

    CONCLUSION: Telemedicine is beneficial for patients with chronic pain. Telemedicine can be used poste-pandemic and may produce a good outcome with patients.

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