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Fulltext The differential roles of caspase family members in mediating PF4-induced breast cancer apoptosis

Tengku Din TADAA, Abdul Jalal MI, Seeni A, Shamsuddin S, Jaafar H

Malays J Pathol, 2018 Dec;40(3):303-312.
PMID: 30580361

INTRODUCTION: This study focused on PF4 effects on caspase-3,-6, -7, -8 and -9 which regulate the apopotosis process in breast cancer.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Breast tumours were induced in forty 21-day-old female Sprague Dawley rats (SDRs) using MNU until tumour size reached 14.5 mm (SD: 0.5 mm). The rats were then divided into two groups: Group 1 (control injected with 0.9% saline; n = 20), and Group 2 (platelet factor 4 (PF4); n = 20). PF4 was administered through focal intralesional injection at 20 μg/lesion dose. Following 5-day treatment, the SDRs were sacrificed. Subsequently, representative sections from the tumour were obtained for haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The expressions of caspase-3, -6, -7, -8 and -9 were evaluated using immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining.

RESULTS: The majority of breast tumour specimens were of aggressive types [ncontrol = 13 (65%); nPF4 = 12 (60%)]. Invasive ductal carcinoma not otherwise specified (IDC-NOS) was the most commonly observed breast tumour histology for control and PF4 groups (n = 8 (40%) in respective groups). PF4-treated group exhibited significant differences in the caspase-3, -6 and -8 expression levels compared to the control group (all p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in caspase-7 (p = 0.347) and caspase-9 (p = 0.373) expression levels between both groups.

CONCLUSION: This study found that PF4 acts via the caspase-mediated extrinsic apoptosis pathway without the involvement of the intrinsic pathway.
Elevated serum soluble programmed death ligand 1 (sPD-L1) level correlate with clinical characteristics in breast cancer patients: A study at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia

Amira Khairil Anwar N, Najmi Mohd Nazri M, Rosliza Mohd Adzemi E, Amilda Anthony A, Mohd Azlan M, Balakrishnan V, et al.

Cytokine, 2024 Jul 22;182:156698.
PMID: 39042994 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156698

BACKGROUND: Elevated serum levels of soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) have been reported in many cancers; however, there is limited data of sPD-L1 in breast cancer, especially those representing Asian (Malay) women. The purpose of this study was to evaluate sPD-L1 serum levels and analyze its correlation with clinical characteristics in breast cancer patients at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM).
METHODS: Blood specimens were obtained from 92 malignant, 16 benign breast cancer patients and 23 healthy controls. The serum concentrations of sPD-L1 were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
RESULTS: The median serum sPD-L1 concentration of malignant and benign breast cancer patients was significantly elevated compared to the healthy cohorts (12.50 ng/mL vs 13.97 ng/mL vs 8.75 ng/mL, p
Comprehensive management and classification of first branchial cleft anomalies: An International Pediatric Otolaryngology Group (IPOG) consensus statement

Heilingoetter AL, See GB, Brookes J, Campisi P, Cervantes SS, Chadha NK, et al.

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2024 Nov;186:112095.
PMID: 39278130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2024.112095

OBJECTIVE: First branchial cleft anomalies are rare congenital head and neck lesions. Literature pertaining to classification, work up and surgical treatment of these lesions is limited and, in some instances, contradictory. The goal of this work is to provide refinement of the classification system of these lesions and to provide guidance for clinicians to aid in the comprehensive management of children with first branchial cleft anomalies.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Delphi method survey of expert opinion under the direction of the International Pediatric Otolaryngology Group (IPOG) was conducted to generate recommendations for the definition and management of first branchial cleft anomalies. The recommendations are the result of expert consensus and critical review of the literature.
RESULTS: Consensus recommendations include evaluation and diagnostic considerations for children with first branchial cleft anomalies as well as recommendations for surgical management. The current Work classification system was reviewed, and modifications were made to it to provide a more cogent categorization of these lesions.
CONCLUSION: The mission of the International Pediatric Otolaryngology Group (IPOG) is to develop expertise-based recommendations based on review of the literature for the management of pediatric otolaryngologic disorders. These consensus recommendations are aimed at improving care of children presenting with first branchial cleft anomalies. Here we present a revised classification system based on parotid gland involvement, with a focus on avoiding stratification based on germ layer, in addition to guidelines for management.

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