Comprehensive management and classification of first branchial cleft anomalies: An International Pediatric Otolaryngology Group (IPOG) consensus statement

Heilingoetter AL 1 , See GB 2 , Brookes J 3 , Campisi P 4 , Cervantes SS 5 , Chadha NK 6 Show all authors , Chelius D 7 , Chen D 8 , Chun B 9 , Cunningham MJ 10 , D'Souza JN 11 , Din T 12 , Dzongodza T 13 , Francom C 14 , Gallagher TQ 15 , Gerber ME 16 , Gorelik M 9 , Goudy S 17 , Graham ME 18 , Hartley B 19 , Hazkani I 1 , Hong P 20 , Hsu WC 21 , Isaac A 22 , Jatana KR 23 , Johnston DR 1 , Kabagenyi F 24 , Kazahaya K 25 , Koempel J 26 , Leboulanger N 27 , Luscan R 27 , Maurrasse SE 28 , Mercier E 29 , Peer S 30 , Preciado D 31 , Rahbar R 29 , Rastatter J 1 , Richter G 32 , Rosenblatt SD 33 , Shay SG 9 , Sheyn A 34 , Tassew Y 35 , Walz PC 36 , Whigham AS 37 , Wiedermann JP 38 , Yeung J 39 , Maddalozzo J 40

Affiliations 

  • 1 Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
  • 2 National University of Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • 3 Alberta Health Services, Alberta, Canada
  • 4 The Hospital for Sick Children (SikKids), Ontario, Canada
  • 5 Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL, USA
  • 6 BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
  • 7 Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
  • 8 Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, USA
  • 9 Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
  • 10 Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
  • 11 Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
  • 12 Sidra/Weill Cornell Medicine, Ar-Rayyan, Qatar
  • 13 Sally Mugabe Children's Hospital, Harare, Zimbabwe
  • 14 University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
  • 15 Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA, USA; Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
  • 16 Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
  • 17 Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
  • 18 London Health Sciences Centre, Ontario, Canada
  • 19 Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
  • 20 IWK Health Centre, Nova Scotia, Canada
  • 21 National Taiwan University Hospital Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
  • 22 Stollery Children's Hospital, Alberta, Canada
  • 23 Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
  • 24 Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
  • 25 University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
  • 26 Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
  • 27 Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
  • 28 Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
  • 29 Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
  • 30 University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
  • 31 Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
  • 32 Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR, USA
  • 33 Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
  • 34 LeBonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA; University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
  • 35 St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  • 36 The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
  • 37 Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN, USA
  • 38 Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
  • 39 Montreal Children's Hospital, Quebec, Canada; McGill University Health Centre, Quebec, Canada
  • 40 Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA. Electronic address: jmaddalozzo@luriechildrens.org
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2024 Nov;186:112095.
PMID: 39278130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2024.112095

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: First branchial cleft anomalies are rare congenital head and neck lesions. Literature pertaining to classification, work up and surgical treatment of these lesions is limited and, in some instances, contradictory. The goal of this work is to provide refinement of the classification system of these lesions and to provide guidance for clinicians to aid in the comprehensive management of children with first branchial cleft anomalies.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Delphi method survey of expert opinion under the direction of the International Pediatric Otolaryngology Group (IPOG) was conducted to generate recommendations for the definition and management of first branchial cleft anomalies. The recommendations are the result of expert consensus and critical review of the literature.

RESULTS: Consensus recommendations include evaluation and diagnostic considerations for children with first branchial cleft anomalies as well as recommendations for surgical management. The current Work classification system was reviewed, and modifications were made to it to provide a more cogent categorization of these lesions.

CONCLUSION: The mission of the International Pediatric Otolaryngology Group (IPOG) is to develop expertise-based recommendations based on review of the literature for the management of pediatric otolaryngologic disorders. These consensus recommendations are aimed at improving care of children presenting with first branchial cleft anomalies. Here we present a revised classification system based on parotid gland involvement, with a focus on avoiding stratification based on germ layer, in addition to guidelines for management.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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