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  1. Elnagar, Amir M. Bassam, Suhaidah Ibrahim, Abouelnaga, Mostafa A.M., Soliman, Amro Mohamed
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Diabetes mellitus possesses severe adverse effects on the urinary bladder. Urinary bladder dysfunction is a common health problem affecting diabetic patients causing recurrent infections and urinary incontinence. Objective: To evaluate the histopathological changes in the tissue of urinary bladder in Streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats and the protective role of insulin. Methods: Thirty rats were classified into three groups: a control group which received no treatment (Group A), STZ diabetic group (Group B) and Insulin diabetic group (Group C). Animals were sacrificed after six weeks and urinary bladders were harvested and processed for light and electron microscopy. Results: Several histopathological changes were observed in the urinary bladder of the diabetic group including an increase in the thickness of the urothelium, epithelial cells with dark nuclei and large lenticular vesicles, and wide intercellular spaces with numerous collagen fibers. Treatment with insulin reduced the pathological changes induced by STZ. Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus caused significant pathological changes in the urinary bladder of experimental rats. For instance, treating diabetic animals with insulin prevented the development of damaging effects of diabetes on the urinary bladder.
  2. Elnagar AMB, Ibrahim A, Soliman AM
    Int J Fertil Steril, 2018 Jun;12(3):249-256.
    PMID: 29935072 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2018.5389
    BACKGROUND: Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a white pigment which is used in paints, plastics, etc. It is reported that TiO2 induces oxidative stress and DNA damage. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been used to fight oxidative stress-induced damage in different tissues. The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of orally administered TiO2 nanoparticles and the possible protective effect of NAC on the testes of adult male albino rats.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this experimental study, 50 adult male albino rats were classified into five groups. Group I was the negative control, group II was treated with gum acacia solution , group III was treated with NAC, group IV was treated with TiO2 nanoparticles, and group V was treated with 100 mg/kg of NAC and 1200 mg/kg TiO2 nanoparticles. Total testosterone, glutathione (GSH), and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were estimated. The testes were subjected to histopathological, electron microscopic examinations, and immunohistochemical detection for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Cells from the left testis were examined to detect the degree of DNA impairment by using the comet assay.

    RESULTS: TiO2 nanoparticles induced histopathological and ultrastructure changes in the testes as well as positive TNF-α immunoreaction in the testicular tissue. Moreover, there was an increase in serum MDA while a decrease in testosterone and GSH levels in TiO2 nanoparticles-treated group. TiO2 resulted in DNA damage. Administration of NAC to TiO2- treated rats led to improvement of the previous parameters with modest protective effects against DNA damage.

    CONCLUSION: TiO2-induced damage to the testes was mediated by oxidative stress. Notably, administration of NAC protected against TiO2's damaging effects.

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