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Fulltext Primary Ewing’s sarcoma of the lumbosacral spine: a case report

Zamzuri, Z., Mohd Adham, S.Y., Saufi, M.A., Azian, A.A., Fadhli, M.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2012;11(1):47-50.
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Ewing's sarcoma is a rare tumor first discovered by James Ewing in 1921. It is more common in bone or skeletal component compared to soft tissue or extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma. Among soft tissue Ewing’s, spinal cord involvement is rarer with only nine cases reported. We report a case of nine-year-old Malay girl who presented with low back pain for two months following a fall with progressive neurological deficits of bilateral lower limb. Magnetic resonance imaging was suggestive of a well-defined margin of intradural extramedullary tumor. With nerve sheath tumor in mind, surgical excision with laminectomy L2-S1 was performed. Intraoperative finding was an extradural mass from L3-L5 with extension to bilateral neuroforamen. Histopathology report defined a round cell tumour of Ewing’s sarcoma from the mass.
Fulltext A population-based study measuring the prevalence of chronic kidney disease among adults in West Malaysia

Hooi LS, Ong LM, Ahmad G, Bavanandan S, Ahmad NA, Naidu BM, et al.

Kidney Int, 2013 Nov;84(5):1034-40.
PMID: 23760287 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2013.220

In this population-based study, we determine the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in West Malaysia in order to have accurate information for health-care planning. A sample of 876 individuals, representative of 15,147 respondents from the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2011, of the noninstitutionalized adult population (over 18 years old) in West Malaysia was studied. We measured the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (CKD-EPI equation); albuminuria and stages of chronic kidney disease were derived from calibrated serum creatinine, age, gender and early morning urine albumin creatinine ratio. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease in this group was 9.07%. An estimated 4.16% had stage 1 chronic kidney disease (eGFR >90 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) and persistent albuminuria), 2.05% had stage 2 (eGFR 60-89 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) and persistent albuminuria), 2.26% had stage 3 (eGFR 30-59 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)), 0.24% had stage 4 (eGFR 15-29 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)), and 0.36% had stage 5 chronic kidney disease (eGFR <15 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)). Only 4% of respondents with chronic kidney disease were aware of their diagnosis. Risk factors included increased age, diabetes, and hypertension. Thus, chronic kidney disease in West Malaysia is common and, therefore, warrants early detection and treatment in order to potentially improve outcome.
Study name: National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS-2011)
Fulltext Exposure to secondhand smoke among school-going adolescents in Malaysia: Findings from the tobacco and e-cigarettes survey among Malaysian adolescents (TECMA)

Ling MYJ, Lim KH, Hasani WSR, Rifin HM, Majid NLA, Lourdes TGR, et al.

Tob Induc Dis, 2020;18:96.
PMID: 33262682 DOI: 10.18332/tid/128622

INTRODUCTION: Many studies have revealed that exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) substantially increases the risk of smoking related diseases especially among the vulnerable groups, yet data on the location of SHS exposure among youth in Malaysia are still lacking. The study aims to describe the prevalence and factors associated with SHS exposure at home, outside the home, and inside the school among school-going adolescents in Malaysia.
METHODS: We derived the data from the TECMA study, which used a cross-sectional study design and multi-stage sampling method to obtain a representative sample of school-going adolescents aged 11-19 years in Malaysia in 2016. Data were collected through a self-administered approach using a pre-validated standard questionnaire. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were used to analyze the data, and results are presented as adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI).
RESULTS: SHS exposure for the past seven days was higher outside the home (51.2%; 95% CI: 49.2-53.2) compared to at home (37.8%; 95% CI: 35.8-39.9) while 27.3% (95% CI: 25.1-29.5) of school-going adolescents reported exposure to SHS inside the school in the past one month. In the regression analyses, older adolescents, those of Malay and Bumiputra Sarawak ethnicities, adolescents from rural areas and current smokers had higher likelihood of exposure to SHS at home, outside home and inside the school. Our study also found that adolescents who were current smokers had higher odds of being exposed to SHS at home (AOR=2.87; 95% CI: 2.57-3.21), outside the home (AOR=3.46; 95% CI: 3.05-3.92) and in the school (AOR=2.25; 95% CI: 2.01-2.51).
CONCLUSIONS: Health promotion measures should target parents/guardians and household members to reduce SHS exposure among adolescents. In addition, smoke-free regulation should be fully enforced in school. Furthermore, more public places should be designated non-smoking areas to reduce SHS exposure and denormalize smoking behavior.
Fulltext Morbidity patterns and healthcare utilisation among older people in Malaysia: 1996-2015

NoorAni A, Rajini S, Balkish MN, Noraida MK, SMaria A, Fadhli MY, et al.

Public Health, 2018 Aug 16;163:105-112.
PMID: 30121437 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2018.06.018

OBJECTIVE: This article examines the trends in morbidities and healthcare utilisation in Malaysian older people aged 60 years and above.
STUDY DESIGN: This is a repeated cross-sectional study.
METHODS: Data from three nation-wide community-based surveys, which were conducted in 1996, 2006, and 2015 were analysed. Multivariate analysis was performed for 2015 data to identify factors associated with healthcare utilisation.
RESULTS: Analysis noted increasing trends in the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia and obesity from 1996 to 2015. Decreasing trends were noted in the prevalence of current smokers and drinkers over this 20-year period, whereas health service utilisation increased with age in all surveys. In 2015, both inpatient and outpatient care are significantly associated with increasing age and diabetes.
CONCLUSIONS: Increasing trends of health problems and healthcare utilisation were observed among older people in Malaysia. Policymakers should plan for appropriate resources to meet the challenges of an ageing population in Malaysia.
Study name: National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS-1996, NHMS-2006, NHMS-2015)
Fulltext Prevalence and factors associated with secondhand smoke exposure among Malaysian adolescents

Ghazali SM, Huey TC, Cheong KC, Li LH, Fadhli M, Yusoff M, et al.

Tob Induc Dis, 2019;17:22.
PMID: 31582933 DOI: 10.18332/tid/102728

INTRODUCTION: Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) has been proven to be detrimental to health. However, there is little information on SHS exposure among Malaysian adolescents. This study aims to assess the magnitude of and factors associated with SHS exposure among school-going adolescents in Malaysia.
METHODS: We performed secondary analysis on data from 25461 respondents of the Global School Health Survey in Malaysia. Descriptive analyses and multivariable logistic regression were performed to determine factors associated with SHS exposure.
RESULTS: Respondents were adolescents of mean age 14.84 (SD=1.45) years, 50.2% of which were male and 49.8% female. Approximately four in ten respondents were exposed to SHS in the past week (41.5%). SHS exposure was significantly higher among respondents who smoked than among non-smokers (85.8% vs 35.7%, p<0.001). The likelihood of exposure to SHS was higher among smoking adolescents (Adjusted OR=1.66, 95% CI: 1.07-2.56) and non-smoking adolescents (AOR=3.15, 95% CI: 1.48-4.71) who had at least one smoking parent/guardian regardless of their own smoking status. Male adolescents had higher risk of SHS exposure compared to their female counterparts (current smoker AOR=1.66, 95% CI: 1.07-2.56; non-smoker AOR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.12-2.00) and increased with age, regardless of their smoking status.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that prevalence of exposure to SHS among school-going adolescents in Malaysia is high. Parents should be advised to stop smoking or abstain from smoking in the presence of their children. Education programmes are recommended to increase awareness on avoidance of SHS as well as smoking cessation interventions for both adolescents and their parents.