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  1. Parjo, U.K., Sunar, N.M., Leman, A.M., Gani, P., Emparan, Q., Ming, E.C.
    MyJurnal
    The indoor air contaminations in the buildings are normally contributed by causes from humans, animals and air
    borne fungi. These factors greatly cause the problem of sick building syndrome and indoor air pollutant. This study
    was undertaken to discover the potential efficiency of biocide potassium sorbate to remediate the indoor air fungal
    especially on wood material. Samples of fungal were collected according to NIOSH Method (NMAM 0800). The total
    amount of fungi and bacteria were enumerated at 806 cfu/m3 and 280 cfu/m3, respectively in a lecturer’s room. The
    study also revealed that the growth of fungi was at the minimum when incorporated with a biocide treatment according
    to ASTM D559000 standard. This biocide has been proven to be effective and able to reduce the growth rate of indoor
    fungi. Overall results showed that this type of biocide is effective to overcome the fungal problem on wood material
    in the buildings.
  2. Gani P, Mohamed Sunar N, Matias-Peralta H, Abdul Latiff AA, Mohamad Fuzi SF
    Prep Biochem Biotechnol, 2017 Apr 21;47(4):333-341.
    PMID: 27737612 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2016.1244686
    Microalga biomass has been recognized as a sustainable bio-product to replace terrestrial biomass in biofuel production. The microalga industry has high operating costs, specifically on harvesting and biomass recovery. Therefore, the development of an efficient harvesting method is crucial to the minimization of production cost. A statistical analysis through response surface methodology was used to investigate the optimization of harvesting efficiency using alum and chitosan as a coagulant. Growth rate and biomass productivity were also determined. This research revealed that the harvesting efficiency using alum was 99.3%, with optimum dosage and pH of 177.74 mg L(-1) and 8.24, respectively. Chitosan achieved 94.2% biomass recovery at an optimal dosage of 169.95 mg L(-1) at pH of 12. Moreover, Botryococcus sp. achieved the maximum growth of 0.7551 µmax d(-1), with an average total biomass productivity of 9.81 mg L(-1) d(-1) in domestic wastewater. Overall, this study shows that both alum and chitosan coagulants have great potential for efficient microalgal biomass recovery. It suggests that domestic wastewater as a potential growth medium for the large-scale production of microalga biomass.
  3. Gani P, Sunar NM, Matias-Peralta H, Mohamed RMSR, Latiff AAA, Parjo UK
    Int J Phytoremediation, 2017 Jul 03;19(7):679-685.
    PMID: 28121457 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2017.1284743
    This study was undertaken to analyze the efficiency of Botryococcus sp. in the phycoremediation of domestic wastewater and to determine the variety of hydrocarbons derived from microalgal oil after phycoremediation. The study showed a significant (p < 0.05) reduction of pollutant loads of up to 93.9% chemical oxygen demand, 69.1% biochemical oxygen demand, 59.9% total nitrogen, 54.5% total organic carbon, and 36.8% phosphate. The average dry weight biomass produce was 0.1 g/L of wastewater. In addition, the dry weight biomass of Botryococcus sp. was found to contain 72.5% of crude oil. The composition analysis using Gas Chromatogram - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) found that phthalic acid, 2-ethylhexyltridecyl ester (C29H48O4), contributed the highest percentage (71.6%) of the total hydrocarbon compounds to the extracted algae oil. The result of the study suggests that Botryococcus sp. can be used for effective phycoremediation, as well as to provide a sustainable hydrocarbon source as a value-added chemical for the bio-based plastic industry.
  4. Gani P, Apandi NM, Mohamed Sunar N, Matias-Peralta HM, Kean Hua A, Mohd Dzulkifli SN, et al.
    PMID: 35130096 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2033688
    Microalgae cultivation is well known as a sustainable method for eco-friendly wastewater phycoremediation and valuable biomass production. This study investigates the feasibility and kinetic removal of organic compounds and nutrients from food processing wastewater (FPW) using Botryococcus sp. in an enclosed photobioreactor. Simultaneously, response surface methodology (RSM) via face-centered central composite design (FCCCD) was applied to optimize the effects of alum and chitosan dosage and pH sensitivity on flocculation efficiency. The maximum growth rate of Botryococcus sp. cultivated in FPW was 1.83 mg day-1with the highest removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), and total phosphorus (TP) after 12 days of phycoremediation of 96.1%, 87.2%, and 35.4%, respectively. A second-order polynomial function fits well with the experimental results. Both coagulant dosage and pH significantly (p
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