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  1. Zahar AZ, Azny MY, Sakinah A, Gayathiri M
    Med J Malaysia, 2023 Jan;78(1):93-97.
    PMID: 36715198
    INTRODUCTION: Terbutaline has been used as a foetal resuscitation measure to improve the intrapartum foetal heart rate abnormalities and neonatal outcome for suspected foetal compromise. Unfortunately, till date, the available data are limited to draw any recommendation.

    MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a double-blind, placebocontrolled trial conducted among women planned for emergent caesarean delivery for suspected foetal compromise where 100 were randomised to receive subcutaneous terbutaline or placebo. The primary outcomes were the neonatal acid-base status, while the 5- minute Apgar score, admission to the intensive care unit and the maternal outcomes were recorded as secondary outcomes.

    RESULTS: Data from a total of 96 women were analysed and showed a lower incidence of neonatal acidemia (4.4% vs 10.4%) and fewer neonates born with umbilical artery pH of less than 7.20 (12.5% vs 27.1%) and 7.10 (4.2% vs 6.2%) after terbutaline injection. However, the difference in the incidence of neonatal acidaemia, mean cord pH and base excess, Apgar score or admission to the intensive care unit did not differ significantly. No difference was seen in the maternal mean arterial pressure, estimated blood loss or haematocrit after the surgery between the study groups. The only significant maternal effect was tachycardia which was more common after terbutaline injection (54.2% vs 25.0 %, p=0.003).

    CONCLUSION: The study shows that acute tocolysis with subcutaneous terbutaline prior to caesarean delivery has the potential to improve the neonatal outcome in suspected intrauterine foetal compromise and should be further investigated.

  2. Gayathiri M, Pulingam T, Lee KT, Sudesh K
    Chemosphere, 2022 Jan 28;294:133764.
    PMID: 35093418 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133764
    The use of activated carbon is evidenced by the increased scope of carbon-based applications in various industrial applications including pharmaceutical antidotes, wastewater remediation, aquaculture and toxin removal. Activated carbon produced from biomass waste by various processing methods and conditions is emerging as a promising adsorbent for remediation of the ecosystem due to extensive discharge of pollutants. Methods of producing activated carbon, nature of lignocellulosic biomass waste, and interaction of adsorbent-adsorbate are some of the crucial factors that need to be scrutinized to produce an effective adsorbent. However, these factors have not been thoroughly discussed in the literature. Activated carbon needs to go through continuous and rigorous research and development through optimization of key parameters such as type of activation (physical/chemical) and processing conditions, especially for large-scale production. It is imperative to have a detailed understanding of the preeminent characteristics of the activated carbon such as pore size distribution, total pore volume, surface area, and yield of activated carbon that control the extents of adsorptions and production of activated carbon. To further clarify the involved mechanism, studies should focus on all the possible variables that influence the system. Therefore, this review provides a better understanding of factors that affect the production of an efficient activated carbon, important properties to be used as an adsorbent, and the involved mechanisms during the adsorption process followed by increasing demand for activated carbon in various fields.
  3. Pulingam T, Appaturi JN, Gayathiri M, Sudesh K
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2023 Dec 31;253(Pt 6):127216.
    PMID: 37793528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127216
    The rapid acceleration of industrialization and urbanization has exacerbated water pollution, which is primarily caused by the presence of highly toxic, non-biodegradable contaminants in industrial waste and effluents. In response to this urgent issue, a novel nanobiocomposite film with titanium dioxide (TiO2) loaded onto a poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-18 mol% 3-hydroxyhexanoate) (18PHBH) matrix was developed to serve as an effective dual-function material with photocatalytic and antibacterial properties. Through Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR), Diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible (DRUV-Vis), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses, the physicochemical properties of the TiO2/Gly/18PHBH nanobiocomposite film were exhaustively characterized, revealing effective TiO2 loading and uniform distribution on the film's surface. The film exhibited extraordinary photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye, with the 5TiO2/Gly/18PHBH film demonstrating the greatest efficiency. In addition, antibacterial testing revealed that the film was effective against 99.8 % of Staphylococcus aureus and 96.9 % of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These results demonstrate the potential of polyhydroxyalkanoate-based films as exceptional nanoparticle matrices and position the 5TiO2/Gly/18PHBH film as a versatile candidate for applications in photocatalysis and antibacterial interventions, providing innovative solutions to critical environmental challenges.
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