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  1. Ng, Wei Ping, Liew, BS, Gee, TS, Azmin KR
    MyJurnal
    Epidermoid cysts are rare, benign congenital tumours of ectodermal origin which typically present between
    the third to fifth decade. These tumours comprise approximately 0.2-1.8% of all intracranial tumours. Though
    these pearly tumours are potentially curable, subtotal resection may lead to catastrophic complications such as
    recurrence, granulomatous meningitis and carcinomatous degeneration of cyst wall. We herein report the case
    of a 36-year-old man who presented with an unusual mixed density posterior fossa epidermoid cyst on imaging
    studies. Total removal not only cures both tumour and seizure attack in this case but also preserves patient’s
    neurological function.
  2. Sam JE, Gee TS, Nasser AW
    J Neurosci Rural Pract, 2016 7 2;7(3):423-34.
    PMID: 27365962 DOI: 10.4103/0976-3147.182777
    INTRODUCTION: Dengue fever is a global pandemic threat with increasing incidence. To date, there are no cures and the effectiveness of dengue vaccines is still uncertain. World Heath Organization introduced expanded dengue syndrome to include unusual presentations of dengue fever including severe neurologic complications. One of the deadly complications is intracranial hemorrhage (ICH).

    METHODOLOGY: We collected data of patients with ICH diagnosed via a plain computed tomography of the brain (CT brain) with thrombocytopenia and positive Dengue virus type 1 nonstructural protein (NS1) antigen test or positive dengue serology IgM from January 2014 till June 2015 at our center. Nine patients were included and all 20 other remaining patients reported in literature so far are discussed.

    DISCUSSION: We found that all patients in our center requiring neurosurgical intervention died. Another interesting observation is that detection of Dengue IgG usually meant more severe ICH and poorer outcomes. From our series, platelet levels did not seem to influence the outcome.

    CONCLUSION: We recommend that for early detection of ICH, Dengue IgG should be routinely screened and a high index of suspicion be maintained. Future research should be focused on determining predictors of ICH in patients with dengue fever so that preventive steps can be taken as mortality is high and no treatment seems beneficial at the moment once severe ICH occurs.

  3. Sam JE, Gee TS, Wahab NA
    Asian J Neurosurg, 2018 3 2;13(1):56-58.
    PMID: 29492121 DOI: 10.4103/1793-5482.185056
    Dengue fever has been a major cause of morbidity and mortality in subtropical and tropical countries. We report a rare case of severe dengue with spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage. A search of literature through PubMed revealed that the largest series analyzed so far only included five cases. A 47-year-old man presented with 7 days history of fever, headache, myalgia, and vomiting with hematemesis. On the day of presentation, he had reduced consciousness and an episode of generalized tonic-clonic seizure. His Glasgow Coma Scale was E1V1M3 with anisocoria. Postresuscitation computed tomography of the brain revealed a right subdural and left thalamic hemorrhage. His blood investigations revealed thrombocytopenia, dengue virus type 1 nonstructural protein antigen test was positive, dengue IgM negative, and dengue IgG positive. A right decompressive craniectomy was done. Unfortunately, the patient died soon after. Spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage in patients with dengue fever is an uncommon entity but usually carry a grave prognosis. To date, there has been no clear management guideline for such cases, as both operative and nonoperative approaches have their own inherent risks.
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