MyMedR

Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 21 in total

Abstract:

Sort:

Fulltext Intrapleural alteplase and DNase for complex tuberculous pleurisy: a medical approach

Cheong XK, Abdul Hamid MF

Respirol Case Rep, 2021 Feb;9(2):e00706.
PMID: 33425359 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.706

Tuberculous pleurisy is extra-pulmonary tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), which is one of the main cause of pleural effusions in developing countries. Intercostal chest catheter is useful for drainage of infected pleural fluid and facilitates sepsis control. However, management might be challenging in complex tuberculous pleural effusion as the septations within the effusion hinder pleural drainage. Intrapleural fibrinolysis therapy improved infected fluid drainage and septic parameter in parapneumonic effusions; however, there seems to be little data on its use in tuberculous pleurisy. In our case series of seven patients with complex tuberculous pleurisy, the use of intrapleural alteplase and deoxyribonuclease (DNase) facilitated fluid drainage which resulted in clinical and radiological improvement. These medications should not be confined to bacterial aetiology only as our case series highlights that in complex tuberculous pleurisy, intrapleural alteplase and DNase may be used as an adjunctive treatment which are proven to be successful and safe.
Fulltext A rare presentation of isolated carpal bone tuberculous osteomyelitis mimicking gouty arthritis

Abdul Hamid MF, Rajandiran SR, Yu-Lin AB, Sapuan J

Int J Mycobacteriol, 2020 8 31;9(3):325-328.
PMID: 32862171 DOI: 10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_97_20

Tuberculosis (TB) is the most prevalent infectious disease in Southeast Asia. It causes both pulmonary and extrapulmonary diseases. TB of the wrist is rare and presents as osteomyelitis or tenosynovitis. We report a middle-aged male with carpal bone tuberculous osteomyelitis. He presented with left wrist pain initially treated as gouty arthritis. Within 2 weeks, he developed seropurulent discharge with osteomyelitic changes on imaging. He underwent debridement, and intraoperatively, there was destruction of most carpal bones. Histopathological examination revealed chronic granulomatous inflammation with abscess formation. Anti-TB medication was initiated, and he made a complete recovery with almost full range of wrist movement after 9 months of treatment. This case serves as a reminder that TB is a great mimicker, and a high index of suspicion is required to make a diagnosis of TB of the wrist. Early initiation of anti-TB is pivotal to prevent complications and deterioration of joint functions.
Fulltext Suture Granuloma 14 Years Following Partial Thyroidectomy Masquerading as Tuberculosis af The Sinus Tract

Abdul Hamid MF, Yu-Lin AB, Maharani Hassan T

Eurasian J Med, 2018 Jun;50(2):122-124.
PMID: 30002580 DOI: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2018.0006

Suture granuloma rarely occurs after thyroid surgery using non-absorbable sutures. We report the case of a 63-year-old female with a chronic discharging sinus in the anterior neck region. She had a history of subtotal thyroidectomy at the age of 45. The sinus had been excised and was reported as granulomatous lesions suggestive of tuberculosis. She was treated with anti-tuberculous medications, but unfortunately, she developed side effects. Histopathological slides were re-evaluated, which showed evidence of foreign material under polarized light; hence, the diagnosis was revised to suture granuloma. In conclusion, although sinus tract discharges are commonly attributed to tuberculosis, physicians should consider suture granuloma if they encounter a patient who has undergone a surgical procedure in the past.
Fulltext Low-dose intrapleural alteplase (without deoxyribonuclease) in complicated parapneumonic effusion: case series and literature reviews

Lai C, Mohammad N, Hassan TM, Abdul Hamid MF

BMJ Case Rep, 2017 Sep 11;2017.
PMID: 28893806 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-221239

This case series reviews two cases of elderly patients who presented with fever, cough and shortness of breath. Clinical examinations and initial chest radiographs confirmed unilateral pleural effusion. Thoracenteses were consistent with exudative pleural effusion. We commenced intravenous antibiotics treating for parapneumonic effusions. The first case showed persistent effusion despite drainage, and the second case had a little aspirate from pleural tapping. Subsequent ultrasound of the thorax showed multiloculated effusions. We made the decisions for intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy using low-dose alteplase 2.5 mg each time, in view of the elderly patient as sacrosanct for risk of bleeding. Furthermore, DNase was not used, as it is not yet available in our setting. Both of our patients had good clinical and radiological outcomes, without the need for surgical interventions.
Fulltext Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Presenting with Chronic Cough and Hemoptysis in Primary Care: A Case Report

Abd Hamid MF, Abdul Razak S, Azraai AM, Miptah HN

Am J Case Rep, 2023 Nov 10;24:e941089.
PMID: 37946402 DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.941089

BACKGROUND The article discusses an unusual case of papillary thyroid carcinoma in which chronic cough and hemoptysis were the predominant symptoms. While the more common causes of hemoptysis are pulmonary in origin, extrapulmonary etiologies have been reported, including thyroid carcinoma. The clinical presentation of thyroid malignancy in this case mimics many other common disorders, such as pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchogenic carcinoma, bronchiectasis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Hence, making it challenging to suspect early when patients present to primary care. CASE REPORT A 54-year-old woman presented with a chronic cough and hemoptysis in our Primary Care Medicine Clinic. While initial assessments in the primary care medicine clinic yielded no remarkable findings, a subsequent high-resolution computed tomography scan of the thorax uncovered a thyroid lesion. Subsequent evaluation in the hospital setting included an ultrasound examination, revealing multiple thyroid nodules, and fine needle aspiration that confirmed papillary thyroid carcinoma. She underwent total thyroidectomy with central and left lateral neck dissection, complicated by left vocal cord palsy. She received 2 cycles of periodic radioactive iodine therapy and injection laryngoplasty postoperatively. There was no evidence of iodin avid disease and recurrence of hemoptysis after surgery. CONCLUSIONS This case report emphasizes the significance of considering papillary thyroid carcinoma when assessing hemoptysis in the primary care setting, as early detection and treatment of it would result in a better outcome.
Fulltext Short-course intrapleural alteplase and DNase in complex effusion with bleeding risk

Cheong XK, Yu-Lin Ban A, Abdul Hamid MF

Respirol Case Rep, 2020 Oct;8(7):e00648.
PMID: 32864139 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.648

Pleural infection is an important clinical problem with significant morbidity. In poorly draining complex pleural effusions, the current management favours a less invasive image-guided placement of smaller bore catheters and adjunctive intrapleural fibrinolysis therapy (IPFT). We describe our experience of using IPFT in three patients with different bleeding risks with complex pleural effusions. The first was a 30-year-old with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia with haemoglobin of 7.8 g/dL; second was an 87-year-old on dabigatran with haemoglobin of 10 g/dL; and the third was an 80-year-old with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with haemoglobin of 8.6 g/dL. All three patients received three doses of alteplase and deoxyribonuclease (DNase) without any adverse effects of bleeding and had resolution of the effusion. This case series is an addition to the current literature on the safety of IPFT and we highlight the use of IPFT in patients with low baseline haemoglobin and on anticoagulation therapy.
Fulltext Revamping hemothorax management: The promise of low-dose intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy as an alternative

Mohamad Jailaini MF, Hashim Y, Abdul Hamid MF

Respirol Case Rep, 2024 Aug;12(8):e70012.
PMID: 39188573 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.70012

Surgical evacuation has long been the standard treatment for hemothorax. However, some patients are not suitable candidates for surgery. Intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy (IPFT) has recently emerged as an effective alternative for managing retained hemothorax. This case report describes two patients with retained hemothorax who were unfit for surgery and were successfully treated with IPFT at our centre. Both patients were deemed unsuitable for surgery due to comorbidities and their overall functional status. They received three cycles of IPFT, each consisting of 2.5 mg of alteplase. This treatment effectively evacuated the retained hemothorax, achieving complete radiological resolution without immediate or delayed complications up to 3 months post-discharge.
Fulltext Annual Southeast Asia haze increases respiratory admissions: A 2-year large single institution experience

Ming CR, Ban Yu-Lin A, Abdul Hamid MF, Latif MT, Mohammad N, Hassan T

Respirology, 2018 10;23(10):914-920.
PMID: 29923364 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13325

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The Southeast Asia (SEA) haze is an annual problem and at its worst could produce respirable particles of concentrations up to 500 μg/m3 which is five times the level considered as 'unhealthy'. However, there are limited reports examining the direct clinical impact of the annual haze. This study examines the effects of the SEA haze on respiratory admissions.
METHODS: Data from all respiratory admissions in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) from 1st January 2014 to 31st December 2015 were collected retrospectively from chart and electronic database. A total of 16 weeks of haze period had been formally dated by the Department of Environment using the definition of weather phenomenon leading to atmospheric visibility of less than 10 km. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to estimate rate ratios and 95% CI.
RESULTS: There were 1968 subjects admitted for respiratory admissions in UKMMC during the study period. Incidence rates per week were significantly different between the two groups with 27.6 ± 9.2 cases per week during the haze versus 15.7 ± 6.7 cases per week during the non-haze period (P < 0.01). A total of 4% versus 2% was admitted to the intensive care unit in the haze and the non-haze groups, respectively (P = 0.02). The mean ± SD lengths of stay was 12.1 ± 5.2 days; the haze group had a longer stay (18.2 ± 9.7 days) compared to the non-haze groups (9.7 ± 3.9) (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: The annual SEA haze is associated with increased respiratory admissions.
Fulltext Resolution of refractory chylothorax with a combination of talc pleurodesis and CPAP

Ng BH, Nik Abeed NN, Abdul Hamid MF, Soo CI, Low HJ, Ban AY

Respirol Case Rep, 2020 Oct;8(7):e00624.
PMID: 32685169 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.624

Chylothorax is an uncommon cause of pleural effusion. Recurrent chylous effusions are often resistant to conservative treatment and many need surgical intervention. We report a 69-year-old woman with refractory idiopathic chylothorax resistant to medium-chain triglyceride diet and intermittent thoracentesis. Lymphangiography and lymphoscintigraphy failed to identify the site of leakage. We initiated continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) 12 h before and 48 hours after talc pleurodesis. Chest drain was removed at day 3 and she was discharged at day 5. To our knowledge, this is the first case of successful resolution of idiopathic refractory chylothorax with CPAP ventilation used in tandem with talc pleurodesis.
Fulltext Indwelling pleural catheter and successful autopleurodesis of refractory inflammatory lupus effusion

Ng BH, Nik Abeed NN, Abdul Hamid MF, Soo CI, Low HJ, Ban AY

Respirol Case Rep, 2020 Oct;8(7):e00621.
PMID: 32685166 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.621

Indwelling pleural catheter (IPC) is a useful tool for refractory malignant pleural effusions (MPEs). It allows palliation by intermittent symptomatic relief of the effusion and improves quality of life. Its use in benign pleural effusions comes mainly from retrospective studies, case series, and case reports. Lupus effusion is common, causes minimal symptoms, and usually responds to either steroid therapy or immunosuppressants. Refractory lupus effusion is less common and treatment may require invasive surgical pleurectomy. We describe a 52-year-old woman whose first presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was a pleural effusion refractory to steroids and immunosuppressants. She successfully achieved spontaneous pleurodesis with intermittent IPC drainage at three months.
Fulltext An Experimental Study of Briquetting Process of Torrefied Rubber Seed Kernel and Palm Oil Shell

Hamid MF, Idroas MY, Ishak MZ, Zainal Alauddin ZA, Miskam MA, Abdullah MK

Biomed Res Int, 2016;2016:1679734.
PMID: 27419127 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1679734

Torrefaction process of biomass material is essential in converting them into biofuel with improved calorific value and physical strength. However, the production of torrefied biomass is loose, powdery, and nonuniform. One method of upgrading this material to improve their handling and combustion properties is by densification into briquettes of higher density than the original bulk density of the material. The effects of critical parameters of briquetting process that includes the type of biomass material used for torrefaction and briquetting, densification temperature, and composition of binder for torrefied biomass are studied and characterized. Starch is used as a binder in the study. The results showed that the briquette of torrefied rubber seed kernel (RSK) is better than torrefied palm oil shell (POS) in both calorific value and compressive strength. The best quality of briquettes is yielded from torrefied RSK at the ambient temperature of briquetting process with the composition of 60% water and 5% binder. The maximum compressive load for the briquettes of torrefied RSK is 141 N and the calorific value is 16 MJ/kg. Based on the economic evaluation analysis, the return of investment (ROI) for the mass production of both RSK and POS briquettes is estimated in 2-year period and the annual profit after payback was approximately 107,428.6 USD.
Fulltext Metastatic melanoma: a rare cause of central airway obstruction

Abdul Hamid MF, Ban Yu-Lin A, Hassan TM, Mohammad N

BMJ Case Rep, 2017 Nov 04;2017.
PMID: 29103009 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-221545

A middle-aged woman with recurrent malignant melanoma presented initially with massive left pleural effusion. There was a complete obliteration of the left main bronchus on flexible bronchoscopy caused by a mass. Serial cryo-debulking of the tumour was done under rigid bronchoscopy; however, the outcome was not favourable due to the aggressive tumour growth. Vemurafenib was planned after thoracic radiation. She was not keen for the biologics treatment due to financial constraints. We report a case of central airway obstruction due to recurrent aggressive melanoma. More evaluations are needed on the role of interventional pulmonologist for bronchoscopic debulking of this rapidly growing tumour as well as the role of biological agents in treating such cases.
Fulltext Endogenous Endopthalmitis in Disseminated Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) Bacteremia

Saidi NA, Ngoo QZ, Jusoh S, Ab Hamid MF, Wan Muda WN

Cureus, 2023 Feb;15(2):e34707.
PMID: 36909129 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34707

Endogenous endophthalmitis (EE) is an ocular infection resulting from hematogenous spread from the remote primary source. Risk factors include endocarditis, bacteria meningitis, immunosuppressive state, and invasive procedures in patients with sepsis. We present a case of a 43-year-old gentleman with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus who was admitted for bilateral nasoseptal cellulitis with a right nasal wall abscess and right vocal cord palsy. At presentation, he just had preseptal cellulitis without any posterior segment involvement. He underwent incision and drainage under the Otorhinolaryngology team. Unfortunately, postoperatively he developed sepsis with a hematogenous spread of infection systemically involving his right eye (endophthalmitis) and his heart valve (infective endocarditis). Blood culture revealed Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus Aureus (MSSA) infection. He had six weeks of intravenous cloxacillin and three times intravitreal injections of vancomycin and ceftazidime with complete resolution of signs and symptoms. In the case of a poorly controlled diabetic patient with an extensive regional infection, the presence of ocular symptoms and signs that are suggestive of EE must be taken seriously and warrant a complete eye examination as early detection and treatment of EE is crucial for better prognosis.
Combined intrapleural alteplase and DNase therapy in complicated pleural infection arising from postsurgery oesophageal leak

Ng BH, Nik Abeed NN, Ban AY, Abdul Hamid MF

BMJ Case Rep, 2023 Aug 17;16(8).
PMID: 37591627 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-249927

Managing a complicated pleural infection related to postsurgery can pose a clinical challenge, especially when initial interventions such as intercostal chest drain and antibiotics prove ineffective. We describe a man in his mid-60s who developed a recurrence of exudative pleural effusion caused by an oesophageal leak following laparoscopic total gastrectomy with Roux-y oesophagojejunostomy for gastric adenocarcinoma. Surgical repairs and oesophageal stenting were performed to address the oesophageal leak. Despite attempts at intercostal chest tube drainage, ultrasonography-guided targeted drainage of the locule and antibiotics, he did not show any improvement. He was unfit for surgical decortication. Due to the risk of bleeding, we chose a modified dose of intrapleural alteplase 5 mg and DNase 5 mg at 12-hour intervals for a total of three doses. This led to the complete resolution of the effusion. This case highlights that intrapleural tPA/DNase can be an adjunctive therapy in postsurgery-related complicated pleural effusion.
Recurrent bilateral idiopathic chylothorax: a therapeutic challenge

Ng BH, Ban AY, Nik Abeed NN, Abdul Hamid MF

BMJ Case Rep, 2023 Dec 16;16(12).
PMID: 38103910 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-258049

Chylothorax is a rare condition caused by pleural effusion resulting from thoracic duct injury. Recurrent chylothorax is often resistant to conservative treatment and presents a clinical conundrum in its management. Here, we report a compelling case of recurrent chylothorax that persisted despite the administration of total parenteral nutrition, octreotide and thoracic duct embolisation. The patient eventually required thoracic duct ligation and talc pleurodesis, which resulted in the resolution of the effusion. Our case is an illustrative example of the effective multidisciplinary management of recurrent bilateral idiopathic chylothorax.
Fulltext What happens when we treat the "Typhoid Mary" of COVID-19

Ng BH, Nik Abeed NN, Abdul Hamid MF, Soo CI, Low HJ, Ban YA

Respirol Case Rep, 2020 Aug;8(6):e00604.
PMID: 32607242 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.604

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was declared a pandemic on 11 March 2020. We have since seen its fast spread worldwide. A likely contributing factor was the lack of symptoms of some of the carriers, making them unaware of their risk of spreading to other more vulnerable individuals. The other important finding has been the reported cases of infectivity despite lack of symptoms. We describe the SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia patterns in asymptomatic individuals. The common computed tomography (CT) thorax patterns found are peripheral ground-glass opacification (GGO) with upper or lower lobe predominance. We believe screening for 2019-novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in high-risk individuals may help identify the patients needing longer follow-up.
Fulltext Two cases of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia masquerading as tuberculosis (TB) in a TB endemic area

Abdul Hamid MF, Selvarajah SB, Nuratiqah N, Hau NB, Ban AY

Respirol Case Rep, 2022 Jan;10(1):e0883.
PMID: 34876988 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.883

Before the era of COVID-19 pandemic, organizing pneumonia (OP) is often underdiagnosed while tuberculosis (TB) is overdiagnosed especially in an endemic area. We report two patients with cryptogenic OP mimicking TB. First, a 56-year-old lady with right upper lobe air space opacity and, second, a 37-year-old lady with left upper lobe cavitary lesion. They were treated empirically for pulmonary TB as they had chronic cough with typical chest imaging findings. As there were no improvements despite anti-TB and investigations for TB were negative, they underwent image-guided biopsy which confirmed OP. Both patients received 6 months of corticosteroids therapy and made complete recovery. These cases highlight the rare presentation of OP and serves as a reminder that patients tested negative for TB, despite typical history and chest imaging findings, warrant further investigations as many diseases may mimic TB and vice versa.
Satisfaction and tolerability using virtual reality (VR) as adjunctive treatment during flexible bronchoscopy: a randomized control trial

Sooriyaghandan IV, Mohamad Jailaini MF, Nik Abeed NN, Ng BH, Yu-Lin AB, Shah SA, et al.

BMC Pulm Med, 2023 Jan 10;23(1):10.
PMID: 36627598 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02304-y

BACKGROUND: Patient comfort during invasive and therapeutic procedures is important. The use of virtual reality (VR) devices during flexible bronchoscopy (FB) as a method of distraction to increase patient tolerability and improve satisfaction has not been investigated. We aim to assess the satisfaction and tolerability of participants undergoing FB with or without VR.
METHODS: This was a single-center, open-label study on patients undergoing bronchoscopy, randomized into the control and interventional (VR) groups. The control group received standard care during FB. The interventional group was given a VR device during FB showing nature videos with soothing instrumental music. Pain, breathlessness, and cough were evaluated using a 10 cm visual analogue scale administered before and after FB. Anxiety was assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Satisfaction questionnaire (5-point Likert scale) was given to participants post FB.
RESULTS: Eighty participants enrolled, 40 in each arm. Median (IQR) satisfaction score in the VR group was 5.0 (3.0-5.0), and in the control group was 4.0 (3.0-5.0); (p
Fulltext The benefit of indwelling pleural catheter with ambulatory pneumothorax device and autologous blood patch pleurodesis in lymphangioleiomyomatosis with persistent air leak

Ng BH, Low HJ, Nik Abeed NN, Jailaini MFM, Abdul Hamid MF, Ban Yu-Lin A

Respirol Case Rep, 2023 May;11(5):e01143.
PMID: 37065172 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.1143

We report a 35-year-old woman who presented with dyspnoea and chest pain for 1 week. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) thorax revealed bilateral pneumothoraces with diffuse lung cysts. Bilateral intercostal chest tubes were inserted, and there was a persistent air leak (PAL) bilaterally. We performed an autologous blood patch pleurodesis (ABPP) for the left PAL. For the right PAL, she underwent a successful right video-assisted thoracic (VATS) surgery, wedge biopsy, and surgical pleurodesis. Histopathology examination confirmed the diagnosis of lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM). The left pneumothorax recurred. An indwelling pleural catheter (Rocket® IPC™; Rocket Medical plc; WASHINGTON) was inserted and the patient was discharged after 1 day with an atrium pneumostat (Pneumostat™; Atrium Medical Corporation, Hudson, NH, USA) chest drain valve. The patient was initiated on Sirolimus 2 mg daily. The left PAL resolved at 6 weeks. This case highlights the benefit of IPC with an ambulatory pneumothorax device in a patient with LAM with PAL.
Fulltext The Effects of Circadian Rhythm Disruption on Mental Health and Physiological Responses among Shift Workers and General Population

Ahmad M, Md Din NSB, Tharumalay RD, Che Din N, Ibrahim N, Amit N, et al.

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2020 09 30;17(19).
PMID: 33007836 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197156

Background: The effect of circadian disruption on the bio-psychological clock system has been widely studied. However, the mechanism and the association of circadian rhythm disruption with mental health and physiological responses are still unclear. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of circadian rhythm disruption on mental health and physiological responses among shift workers and the general population. Methods: A total of 42 subjects participated in this quasi-experimental study. Participants were divided into a group of shift workers (n = 20) and a general population group (n = 22). Polysomnography tests, blood tests (cortisol, triglycerides and glucose), and psychological tests (Abbreviated Profile of Mood States, General Health Questionnaire-28, Working Memory and Processing Speed Indexes of the Wechsler Adult Intelligent Scale (WAIS-IV) were used to examine the effects of circadian rhythm disruption. Results: The results showed a significant relationship between circadian rhythm disruption and mood (r = 0.305, p < 0.05). The findings of this study also indicated that there was a significant effect of circadian rhythm disruption on mood (F(2,40) = 8.89, p < 0.001, η2 =0.182), processing speed (F(2,40) = 9.17, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.186) and working memory (F(2,40) = 4.963, p < 0.01, η2 = 0.11) in shift workers and the general population. Conclusions: Our findings showed that circadian rhythm disruption affects mood and cognitive performance, but it does not significantly affect psychological wellbeing and physiological responses. Future studies are warranted to examine moderator and mediator variables that could influence the circadian rhythm disruption.

Filters

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links