The most common cause of the chronic liver disease is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study was designed to compare a mean subcutaneous tissue thickness (SCTT) and hepatic echo-intensity attenuation rate (HEIAR) among NAFLD grades. Sonography was carried out on 628 consecutive subjects. The distance between the skin surface and the liver capsule was measured and was labelled the SCTT. Also, the ultrasound of HEIAR was retrospectively quantified on an image archiving. HEIAR was calculated as the difference between mean intensity of echo for two regions of interest (ROIs) in near- and far-fields divided by the distance between these two ROIs multiply by frequency of the probe. Of the 628, 235 subjects were diagnosed with NAFLD. The age range was 45 – 75 years with mean 54.5 ± 6.7 years. There was a significant difference of mean SCTT among NAFLD grades (p
Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood (ANEC) is a rare condition which is important for clinicians to recognize as it has a high mortality rate and can result in significant neurological morbidities. It presents as acute encephalopathy with radiological findings of symmetrical brain lesions in bilateral thalami, putamen, brain stem teg- mentum, internal capsule, periventricular white matter and cerebellar medulla. Intravenous methylprednisolone is the mainstay of treatment. Immunoglobulin therapy and therapeutic hypothermia may be used as adjunctive therapy in cases with severe clinical and neuroradiological presentation. We present a case of severe ANEC and discuss the clinical manifestations, neuroimaging and management options.
Introduction: Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is one of the end organ damage detected
in patients having metabolic syndrome X and it can lead to chronic liver failure. Therefore, it is
important to be able to assess the condition in a quantifiable manner to help clinicians recognize
and treat this disease. Objective: We aimed to determine the prevalence of NAFLD in patients with
metabolic syndrome in Serdang Hospital, Malaysia using contrast-enhanced multidetector computed
tomography (CECT) abdominal scan. The study also aimed to calculate the quantification of NAFLD
using liver to spleen density CT Hounsfield Unit ratio, CTL/S or CTL/S measurement using abdominal
CECT scans. Furthermore, we aimed to verify the correlation of dyslipidemia with NAFLD based on
the CTL/S parameter. Materials and Method: We conducted a cross-sectional retrospective study in
Hospital Serdang, Malaysia using data from January 2012 to December 2013. The sample size was 279
patients with metabolic syndrome who had undergone CECT abdominal scan. Patient demographics
were descriptively analysed. Spearman’s correlation test was used to look for association among lipid
profile, blood sugar level and CTL/S ratio. Results: The prevalence of NAFLD in metabolic syndrome
patients in our population was 82.8%. Prevalence of NAFLD was high among the elderly population (≥
57 years old). Additionally, Indian ethnics with metabolic syndrome had the highest risk of developing
NAFLD (90.9%). There was a significant association between elevated LDL levels and CTL/S ratio
(p
Increase in cross-sectional muscle area of major muscle groups associated by heavy resistance training has been well documented. However, there has been no published article of changes in the inferior orbicularis oculi muscle when heavy resistance training is applied. We present a case of inferior orbicularis hypertrophy detected on MRI in a gentleman who practised heavy resistance training using his lower eyelids.
Introduction: Renal size measurement using ultrasound is a valuable parameter in the diagnosis of renal function and its diseases. This study is aimed to determine the differences of mean and correlation between the renal length (RL), renal width (RW) and renal parenchymal thickness (RPT) with age, gender and anthropometric measurements among indigenous population in Malaysia. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in this sur- vey. Abdominal sonography was performed on 240 subjects. Sonography of the renal size included measurements of RL, RW and RPT. A portable ultrasound machine (Mindray DP-50, Shenzen, China) with a 3.5 MHz convex probe was used in this study. An independent-samples t-test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficient test
were performed in statistical analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS program version 22.0. A P-value of
Introduction: Suspicious adnexal masses need to be investigated thoroughly as it may represent ovarian cancer, which is the fourth most common gynaecological cancer in Malaysia. Conventional cross sectional imaging may reveal non-specific findings, thus lead to unnecessary biopsies. 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/ computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) has emerged as a useful tool, for characterization of indeterminate adnexal masses. Most studies have been conducted in Western population, and little information is available in Asian population in general and Malaysian population in particular. Methods: Prospective study of women with suspicious adnexal masses, referred to the Centre for Nuclear Diagnostic Imaging, Universiti Putra Malaysia to undergo pre-operative whole-body contrast-enhanced 18F-FDG PET/CT scans from January 2014 to January 2016. Subjects underwent Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) scans followed by positron emission tomography (PET) scans using a hybrid scanner. Two radiologists analyzed the CECT and PET/CT images by consensus; blinded to the HPE results. Then the PET/CT findings were correlated with HPE results as the gold standard. Results: 11 whole-body PET/CT scans and 18 adnexal masses (12 HPE-proven malignant lesions and 6 benign lesions) were analyzed. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of CECT alone compared to PET/CT was 91.7%, 50.0%, 78.6%, and 75.0% vs. 91.7%, 100%, 100% and 85.7% respectively. Conclusions: Improved diagnostic accuracy for characterizing benign and malignant adnexal masses can be achieved using contrast-enhanced 18F-FDG PET/CT, making it a potential investigation of choice which can help in treatment planning.