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Comparative efficacy assessment of antiviral alone and antiviral-antibiotic combination in prevention of influenza-B infection associated complications

Ishaqui A, Hayat Khan A, Sulaiman SAS, Taher Alsultan M, Khan I

Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther, 2021 09;19(9):1165-1173.
PMID: 33567928 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2021.1889369

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to compare the efficacy of antiviral drug alone and antiviral-antibiotic combination therapy in prevention of complications associated with influenza B hospitalized patients.
METHOD: Laboratory confirmed influenza B hospitalized patients presented in emergency room after 48 hours of symptoms onset were identified and divided into two groups; Group-1 patients were initiated on Antiviral drug (oseltamivir) alone while Group-2 patients were initiated on Antiviral drug (oseltamivir) in combination with Antibiotic for at least 3 days. Patients were evaluated for different clinical outcomes among both treatment group.
RESULTS: A total of 153 and 131 patients were identified for Group-1 and Group-2, respectively. Clinical outcomes such as secondary bacterial infections (20.9%-vs-9.1%; P = 0.031), need of respiratory support (28.7%-vs-12.9%; P = 0.002), length of hospitalization stay (6.57-vs-4.95 days; P = <0.001), incidences of ICU admission (15.7%-vs-7.6%; P = 0.036), early clinical failure (32.6%-vs-16.1%; P = 0.01), and time to clinical stability (4.83-vs-4.1 days; P = 0.001) were found to be statistically less significant (P-value <0.05) for Group-2 patients.
CONCLUSION: Early initiation of antibiotic therapy in combination with oseltamivir was found to be more efficacious than oseltamivir alone in prevention of influenza B-associated complications especially in high-risk influenza patients.
Fulltext Exploring Patient Safety Culture: A Study of Community Pharmacies in Karachi, Pakistan

Khatri SA, Ahmad R, Osama M, Khan K, Khan MA, Ishaqui A, et al.

Cureus, 2024 Jan;16(1):e52135.
PMID: 38344495 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52135

Background Community pharmacies are integral to the healthcare system, actively contributing to patient safety through accurate dispensing, education, collaboration, monitoring, and the implementation of safety protocols. Their accessibility and role as medication experts make them key partners in promoting positive health outcomes for individuals and communities. Objective The current study will evaluate the patient safety culture (PSC) among community pharmacies in Karachi, Pakistan. Additionally, this study will measure the association between patient safety culture in community pharmacies and the demographic characteristics of the pharmacy staff. Methods A cross-sectional survey of pharmacy staff was conducted using a survey instrument developed by the US Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Demographic variables and assessments of safety culture in pharmacies were studied. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Among the 102 participants, positive responses ranged from 30% to 87.5%. The highest positive response was for the dimension "mistakes in communication" (86.3%), followed by "communication across shifts" (82.2%) and "communication openness" (81.7%). The dimensions "overall perceptions of patient safety" and "response to mistakes" had the lowest positive responses (56.0% and 60.9%, respectively). Furthermore, many staff did not regularly record the errors, even if they impacted the practices. Conclusion There was an overall unfavorable perception of patient safety culture among the surveyed pharmacies of Karachi, Pakistan. However, the communication dimensions showed the highest positive response. There is a strong need to improve the overall perception of patient safety among the staff and develop an optimistic response to mistakes.
Fulltext Assessment of quality of work life (QWL) among healthcare staff of intensive care unit (ICU) and emergency unit during COVID-19 outbreak using WHOQoL-BREF

Bilal Maqsood M, Ashraful Islam M, Zeb-Un-Nisa, Abbas Naqvi A, Al Qarni A, Fuad Al-Karasneh A, et al.

Saudi Pharm J, 2021 Sep 20.
PMID: 34566456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.09.002

Objective: The study aimed to document the quality of work life (QWL) among healthcare staff of intensive care unit (ICU) and emergency unit during COVID-19 outbreak using WHOQoL-BREF.
Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted for two months (May - June 2020) among healthcare staff working in intensive care units (ICUs) and emergency units of the hospitals under National Guard Health Authority (NGHA) across five cities of Saudi Arabia. The study used the WHOQoL-BREF instrument to document the QWL through an electronic institutional survey. The data was analyzed through IBM SPSS version 23. The study was approved by an ethics committee.
Results: A total of 290 healthcare professionals responded to the survey. The mean overall quality of life score was 3.37 ± 0.97, general health = 3.66 ± 0.88, domains, i.e., physical = 11.67 ± 2.16, psychological = 13.08 ± 2.14, social = 13.22 ± 3.31 and environment = 12.38 ± 2.59. Respondents aged > 40 years, male gender, married status, being a physician and, having a work experience > 15 years and no extra working hours, had higher mean scores for several domains of Quality of life (QoL), overall QoL and general health (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The QWL among healthcare staff during COVID-19 pandemic was low. Demographic factors were mainly the determinants for a higher QWL while extra working hours was determinant of lower QWL. Despite the pandemic, no COVID-19 related variable affected the work life of healthcare staff.

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