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Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA typing: a useful tool for rapid epidemiological typing of Klebsiella pneumoniae

Wong NA, Linton CJ, Jalal H, Millar MR

Epidemiol Infect, 1994 Dec;113(3):445-54.
PMID: 7995354

Discriminatory typing methods are invaluable in the investigation of outbreaks of infectious diseases. Single primers were used to generate randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles from Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates of various serotype and K. pneumoniae isolates from cases of sepsis at a Malaysian hospital and two English hospitals. RAPD profiles of acceptable reproducibility, a maximum of three minor band variations, were produced using a rapid DNA extraction method. RAPD typing of K. pneumoniae was shown to be as discriminatory as restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis using pulsed field gel electrophoresis yet quicker and less costly. The findings suggest that RAPD typing may be a useful tool for the epidemiological typing of K. pneumoniae.
Fulltext A cross-section study of the knowledge, risk behaviours and attitude toward HIV/AIDS among factory workers in three states. [Kajian hirisan lintang mengenai pengetahuan, tingkah laku berisiko dan sikap terhadap HIV/AIDS di kalangan pekerja kilang di tiga buah negeri]

Anita S, Khalijah MY, Mahanim MY, Abd Rashid K, Rahimah MA, Ahmad Razin AM, et al.

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2004;4(1):40-46.
MyJurnal

HIV/AIDS is a global issue and the fourth biggest killer worldwide. Report from Ministry Of Health Malaysia showed factory workers are among the social group that are mostly infected (10.4%). A cross~sectional study was carried out to determine the socio-demographic factor and its relationship with knowledge, attitude and HIV-related risk behavior among factory workers in Selangor, Negeri Sembilan and MaIacca. This study involved 3300 factory workers selected randomly and were given self-guided questionnaire. With response rate about 95.4% (3148), the level of knowledge was high (97.3%) and the attitude was positive (81 %). However there was still an amount of fear towards HIV/AlDS patient. Logistic regression showed significant difference (p<0.05) between level of knowledge and ethnic group, income and level of education and between attitude and income and level of knowledge. About 27.7% of respondents smoked cigarette. 4.2% involved with drugs of which 0.7% administered intravenously, 2.3% were homosexuals, 2.5% were bisexuals and 3.1% were hererosexuals. HIV/AIDS prevention and control intervention should take into consideration the local socio-cultural factors and commitment from the top level management in the factory·
Fulltext Emergency medicine pharmacists' interventions in the tertiary hospitals' emergency departments in Malaysia

Koh HP, Ab Jalal H, Koo YP, Chen MSY, Selvaratanam M, Bhuvanendran Pillai A, et al.

J Pharm Policy Pract, 2025;18(1):2457410.
PMID: 39877033 DOI: 10.1080/20523211.2025.2457410

BACKGROUND: The emergency medicine (EM) pharmacist is an integrated part of the Emergency Department (ED) interdisciplinary team in many countries, including Malaysia. The presence of EM pharmacists in the ED has positively impacted patient outcomes. Data on EM pharmacists' interventions is scarce in the Asian region. In Malaysia, data on interventions done by EM pharmacists in the EDs was unavailable. This study aimed to assess the type of interventions done by EM pharmacists in the ED of tertiary public hospitals in Malaysia.
METHODS: This cross-sectional, multicenter study involved EM pharmacists from 14 tertiary hospitals in Malaysia. All accepted interventions done by EM pharmacists in the ED for patients admitted to the Red (critical) and Yellow (semi-critical) zones from January to June 2022 were extracted from the Clinical Pharmacy Report Form. All data were analyzed descriptively.
RESULTS: The EM pharmacists documented 1659 accepted interventions on 1584 patients during the study period. Inappropriate regimens (n = 1117, 67.3%) and incomplete prescriptions (n = 339, 20.4%) were the main categories of accepted interventions in ED. Inappropriate drug (n = 574, 34.6%), dose (n = 292, 17.6%), and frequency (n = 176, 10.6%) were the top three subcategory interventions documented under inappropriate regimens. Antimicrobials, antihypertensives, and proton pump inhibitors were the commonest drug intervened under the categories of inappropriate drug intervention. There were 272 (16.4%) accepted interventions on high-alert medications (HAMs). Insulin, enoxaparin, and noradrenaline were the most intervened HAMs.
CONCLUSION: Inappropriate treatment regimens were the most common intervention category done by EM pharmacists in Malaysia. The significant number of interventions done by EM pharmacists demonstrated the importance of EM pharmacists as integral members of the EM team. This data can help improve the quality of clinical pharmacy services in the ED and is important for the future expansion of clinical pharmacy services in all EDs across Malaysia, neighbouring countries, and other developing countries.
Fulltext Comparative global epidemiology of influenza, respiratory syncytial and parainfluenza viruses, 2010-2015

Lam TT, Tang JW, Lai FY, Zaraket H, Dbaibo G, Bialasiewicz S, et al.

J Infect, 2019 10;79(4):373-382.
PMID: 31323249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2019.07.008

OBJECTIVES: To improve our understanding of the global epidemiology of common respiratory viruses by analysing their contemporaneous incidence at multiple sites.
METHODS: 2010-2015 incidence data for influenza A (IAV), influenza B (IBV), respiratory syncytial (RSV) and parainfluenza (PIV) virus infections were collected from 18 sites (14 countries), consisting of local (n = 6), regional (n = 9) and national (n = 3) laboratories using molecular diagnostic methods. Each site submitted monthly virus incidence data, together with details of their patient populations tested and diagnostic assays used.
RESULTS: For the Northern Hemisphere temperate countries, the IAV, IBV and RSV incidence peaks were 2-6 months out of phase with those in the Southern Hemisphere, with IAV having a sharp out-of-phase difference at 6 months, whereas IBV and RSV showed more variable out-of-phase differences of 2-6 months. The tropical sites Singapore and Kuala Lumpur showed fluctuating incidence of these viruses throughout the year, whereas subtropical sites such as Hong Kong, Brisbane and Sydney showed distinctive biannual peaks for IAV but not for RSV and PIV.
CONCLUSIONS: There was a notable pattern of synchrony of IAV, IBV and RSV incidence peaks globally, and within countries with multiple sampling sites (Canada, UK, Australia), despite significant distances between these sites.