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H396P mutation in chronic myeloid leukaemia patient on nilotinib - A case report

Jamali NS, Raja Sabudin RZA, Alauddin H, Ithnin A, Tumian NR, Jalil N, et al.

Malays J Pathol, 2021 Apr;43(1):63-68.
PMID: 33903307

INTRODUCTION: The advent of BCR-ABL1-targeted therapy with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), for example, imatinib and nilotinib, marked a turning point in the therapy of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). However, a substantial proportion of patients experience primary or secondary disease resistance to TKI. There are multifactorial causes contributing to the treatment failure of which BCR-ABL1 kinase domain mutation being the most common. Here, we describe a case of a CML patient with H396P mutation following treatment with nilotinib.
CASE: A 60-year-old woman presented with abdominal discomfort and hyperleukocytosis. She was diagnosed as CML in the chronic phase with positive BCR-ABL1 transcripts. Due to the failure to obtain an optimal response with imatinib treatment, it was switched to nilotinib. She responded well to nilotinib initially and achieved complete haematological and cytogenetic responses, with undetectable BCR-ABL1 transcripts. However, in 4 years she developed molecular relapse. Mutation analysis which was done 70 months after commencement of nilotinib showed the presence of BCRABL1 kinase domain mutation with nucleotide substitution at position 1187 from Histidine(H) to Proline(P) (H396P). Currently, she is on nilotinib 400mg twice daily. Her latest molecular analysis showed the presence of residual BCR-ABL1 transcripts at 0.22%.
DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: This case illustrates the importance of BCR-ABL1 mutation analysis in CML patients with persistent BCR-ABL1 positivity in spite of treatment. Early detection and identification of the type of BCRABL1 mutation are important to guide appropriate treatment options as different mutation will have different sensitivity to TKI.
Fulltext Effect of organic loading on anaerobic digestion of cow dung: Methane production and kinetic study

Aili Hamzah AF, Hamzah MH, Che Man H, Jamali NS, Siajam SI, Ismail MH

Heliyon, 2023 Jun;9(6):e16791.
PMID: 37303543 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16791

Organic loading influences the effectiveness of producing biogas through anaerobic digestion. This study set out to investigate the effect of organic loading on the anaerobic mesophilic digestion of cow dung, the parameters involved in the digestion process and to evaluate the kinetics. Anaerobic digestion of cow dung at different organic loading (gVS/L) of 14 gVS/L, 18gVS/L, 22 gVS/L, 26 gVS/L and 30 gVS/L were investigated. Increasing the organic loading increased the methane yield of the cow dung. The highest cumulative methane yield was observed at 30 gVS/L with 63.42 mL CH4/gVS while the highest biogas yield was reported at 192.53 mL/gVS with the highest methane content of 89%. In addition, the modified Gompertz model equation with an R2 of 0.9980 demonstrated strong consistency and a good fit between predicted and experimental data. The high number of substrates added to the systems when increasing the organic loading increased the λ and slow down the nutrient transport and hydrolysis. This study provides current information on the effects of organic loading on the anaerobic digestion of cow dung in batch mode, including experimental conditions and operational parameters.
Nickel-iron doped on granular activated carbon for efficient immobilization in biohydrogen production

Jamaludin NFM, Abdullah LC, Idrus S, Engliman NS, Tan JP, Jamali NS

Bioresour Technol, 2024 Jan;391(Pt A):129933.
PMID: 37898370 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129933

Nickel-iron doped granular activated carbon (GAC-N) was used to enhance immobilization in biohydrogen production. The effect of the sludge ratio to GAC-N, ranged 1:0.5-4, was studied. The optimum hydrogen yield (HY) of 1.64 ± 0.04 mol H2/mol sugar consumed and hydrogen production rate (HPR) of 45.67 ± 1.00 ml H2/L.h was achieved at a ratio of 1:1. Immobilization study was performed at 2 d HRT with a stable HY of 2.94 ± 0.16 mol H2/mol sugar consumed (HPR of 83.10 ± 4.61 ml H2/L.h), shorten biohydrogen production from 66 d to 26 d, incrementing HY by 57.30 %. The Monod model resulted in the optimum initial sugar, maximum specific growth rate, specific growth rate, and cell growth saturation coefficient at 20 g/L, 2.05 h-1, 1.98 h-1 and 6.96 g/L, respectively. The dominant bacteria identified was Thermoanaerobacterium spp. The GAC-N showed potential as a medium for immobilization to improve biohydrogen production.
Fulltext Enhancement of Bioreactor Performance Using Acclimatised Seed Sludge in Anaerobic Treatment of Chicken Slaughterhouse Wastewater: Laboratory Achievement, Energy Recovery, and Its Commercial-Scale Potential

Marzuki TNTM, Idrus S, Musa MA, Wahab AMA, Jamali NS, Man HC, et al.

Animals (Basel), 2021 Nov 19;11(11).
PMID: 34828044 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113313

Lack of good management practice of chicken slaughterhouse wastewater (CSWW) has caused pollution into water bodies. In this study, the potential of seed sludge acclimatised modified synthetic wastewater (MSWW) on bioreactor performance and energy recovery of CSWW treatment was investigated. Two sets of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors were employed. The seed sludge in UASB 2 was acclimatised with MSWW for 30 days. In UASB 1, no acclimatisation process was undertaken on seed sludge for control purposes. After the acclimatisation process of UASB 2, both reactors were supplied with CSWW under the same condition of organic loading rate (OLR = 0.5 to 6 gCOD/L/d) and mesophilic condition (37 °C). COD removal efficiencies of UASB 2 were >80% all through the steady-state of the OLR applied. Meanwhile, a drastic decrease in overall performance was observed in UASB 1 when the OLR was increased to 3, 4, 5, and 6 gCOD/L/d. Energy recovery from laboratory scale and projected value from commercial-scale bioreactor were 0.056 kWh and 790.49 kWh per day, respectively. Preliminary design of an on-site commercial-scale anaerobic reactor was proposed at a capacity of 60 m3.