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Fulltext 'This is the place where I can be alone, no tension:' Photovoice evidence for adolescent perceptions of their microsystem and psychological adjustment

Chandra Sekaran V, Bailey A, Kamath VG, Ashok L, Kamath A

Asian J Psychiatr, 2020 Jun;51:102021.
PMID: 32315964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102021

Adolescents experience myriad emotions which occur in relation to their immediate social space which may shape their perceptions of members within the microsystem. The photovoice method uniquely provides participants with the means to capture their life through the lens of a camera while also enabling them to express emotions and meanings they attach to their particular life situations. We explore the various emotions adolescents attach to the spaces they occupy and how they link them to socialization in the context of the microsystem. This study was conducted in rural and urban areas of Udupi taluk, southern India. A total of 21 participants, ranging from early to late adolescence participated and provided multiple forms of data with 112 photographs, 21 journals on their daily interactions and one-on-one interviews facilitated using the SHOWeD model. The analytical method involved compiling visual data from photographs, journal content and interview data pertaining to each participant as a single data file, developing codes using ATLAS.ti, version 8, and further developing sub-themes and themes as they emerged into narratives. Our study was able to elicit emotions and meanings that adolescents attached to social interactions with gendered nuances specific to the Indian cultural setting. Future applications of the photovoice methodology on research among adolescents have also been discussed.
Parental Involvement - Perceptions of Parents and their Adolescent Children

Sekaran VC, Ashok L, Kamath VG, Kamath A, Hegde AP, Devaramane V

Indian J Pediatr, 2020 03;87(3):200-206.
PMID: 31925719 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-019-03114-z

OBJECTIVE: To explore the experiences of parents and their adolescent children, specifically the dimension of parental involvement in the lives of their adolescent children and how adolescents perceived it.
METHODS: Following informed consent, a total of nine families with 22 participants took part in the study including nine adolescents, aged between 14 and 16 y, and 13 parents. One-on-one in-depth interviews were conducted at their homes following informed consent. Following transcription, the data was coded and themes were identified using Atlas.ti software. A grounded theory approach was undertaken in analysing the data.
RESULTS: Two main themes were identified including perceptions of parental involvement in the lives of their adolescent children and family strategies to improve bonding. Adolescents' concerns centered on reduced interaction time with their family members. Concerns were also raised over the adolescents' increasing academic burden and parents particularly emphasized the increasing use of media and mobile technology by adolescents as deterrents to interaction. Though mothers functioned as primary caregivers, fathers also took on more active roles in the rearing of their children, stepping away from the traditionally viewed role of being a distant patriarchal provider. To improve interaction, parents devised creative strategies to increase time spent interacting with family members such as having dinner, performing household chores, playing games, or visiting places together.
CONCLUSIONS: The increasing academic burden and access to digital media were perceived as factors leading to reduced interaction between the parent-adolescent dyad. Creative parenting strategies to increase interaction were sought as a solution.
Parenting attitudes and dimensions as predictors of adolescent behavioural problems in the Indian context: A community-based study

Sekaran VC, Kamath VG, Ashok L, Kamath A, Hegde AP, Devaramane V

Asian J Psychiatr, 2020 Apr;50:101941.
PMID: 32070886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.101941

INTRODUCTION: Adolescent behavioural problems are a growing public health concern. The authors in this study investigated paternal and maternal reports of parenting attitudes and dimensions as predictors of adolescent behavioural problems in the Indian context.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using stratified sampling at the community level, 640 parents including 419 mothers and 221 fathers participated in the study. Tools included a socio-demographic pro-forma; Parental attitude inventory (PAI) to assess parenting attitudes, Parent Global Report of the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ) to assess current parenting dimensions, and the parent version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to assess behavioural problems among adolescents. We examined the prevalence and predictors of total difficulties, externalizing and internalizing behavioural problems among adolescents from paternal and maternal reports.
RESULTS: Paternal and maternal reports of total difficulties (11.3 %, 13.6 %), externalizing (2.3 %, 1.9 %) and internalizing behaviours (8.6 %, 7.4 %) among adolescents are reported. Predictors of abnormal behaviours per paternal reports included lower social class and poor paternal control. Being a male adolescent increased the odds of total difficulties and externalizing problems. Favourable maternal attitude, good maternal warmth and control predicted the reduced likelihood of total difficulties and externalizing behaviours per maternal reports. Paternal control and maternal warmth and control were found to reduce the likelihood of internalizing behaviours among adolescents.
CONCLUSION: Maternal attitude, paternal control and maternal warmth and control dimensions emerged as significant predictors of total difficulties, externalizing and internalizing behavioural problems among adolescents.
Fulltext 'No, you should not beat our child because he will become aggressive:' Applying a multi-method approach to explore intergenerational transmission of parenting practices

Chandra Sekaran V, Bailey A, Kamath VG, Ashok L, Ravindran SK, Kamath A, et al.

PLoS One, 2021;16(10):e0258306.
PMID: 34618867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258306

BACKGROUND: Exploring the cultural context of intergenerational continuity of warm and harsh parenting informs parents motivations to adopt specific parenting behaviours.
OBJECTIVE: Parents' perceptions of being parented in the past and their current parenting as well as adolescents' perceptions of current parenting were explored applying a multi-method approach.
METHODS: Following written informed consent, a total of 24 interviews with 10 families (dyads of 14 parents and ten adolescents) from Udupi taluk in southern India was conducted. In the first stage, in-depth interviews were conducted with parent participants (Generation 1 (G1)) and in the second stage, adolescents (Generation 2 (G2)) participated in the photovoice component. Multiple forms of data including photographs, journals and interviews facilitated using the SHOWeD model were collected and were analysed thematically using ATLAS.ti(v.8).
RESULTS: Subtle changes in reinforcing culture-specific gender norms between generations were elicited. Differences in communication, granting autonomy to female adolescents, and in disciplining methods between G1 and G2 were observed. Warm parenting was transmitted between generations while harsh parenting in G1 in the presence of external social support was discarded in favor of warm parenting in G2.
CONCLUSION: We provide evidence for perceptions of parenting and adolescent behaviors across two generations. Transmission of warm parenting and interruption in the cycle of harsh parenting in the presence of external social support were significant findings. Related theoretical and methodological applications are discussed.
Fulltext Effectiveness of a training program for bleeding disorders among accredited social health activists in Udupi District, Karnataka, India

Badagabettu S, Nayak DM, Kurien A, Kamath VG, Kamath A, Nayak BS, et al.

Res Pract Thromb Haemost, 2018 Jul;2(3):518-524.
PMID: 30046756 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12103

INTRODUCTION: Hemophilia and other bleeding disorders are underreported and cause significant morbidity and mortality in resource-constrained countries. Training and the creation of awareness among accredited social heath activists (ASHAs) will aid in the early detection of bleeding disorders at the community level.
OBJECTIVE: To develop awareness and skills for the screening and identification of cases with bleeding symptoms among ASHAs in Udupi District, Karnataka, India.
METHODS: An interventional study was undertaken in Udupi District, which has three taluks and approximately 233 villages. All ASHAs with a current role (586) from rural Udupi were provided a competency-based training program at the community health center using a specifically designed training manual for the identification of cases with bleeding disorders. A pre-test/post-test evaluation was performed to discover the training outcomes.
RESULTS: Sixteen (2.7%) participants had average knowledge in the first post-test, and 570 (92.2%) participants had good knowledge. Thirty-nine (6.6%) participants had average knowledge in second post-test, and 547 (94.3%) participants had good knowledge. The effectiveness of the training program was assessed using Friedman's two-way test. A significant difference in knowledge scores (χ2 = 955.1) was found at baseline evaluation and end of the training test 1 and at 30 days of training test 2 among the ASHAs.
CONCLUSION: Accredited social heath activists health care workers, who are the most important link between the community and health services, successfully created public awareness concerning the early detection of bleeding disorders.