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Fulltext Discrete-time predator-prey model with flip bifurcation and chaos control

Khan AQ, Ahmad I, Alayachi HS, M Noorani MS, Khaliq A

Math Biosci Eng, 2020 09 09;17(5):5944-5960.
PMID: 33120584 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2020317

We explore the local dynamics, flip bifurcation, chaos control and existence of periodic point of the predator-prey model with Allee effect on the prey population in the interior of $\mathbb{R}^*{_+^2}$. Nu-merical simulations not only exhibit our results with the theoretical analysis but also show the complex dynamical behaviors, such as the period-2, 8, 11, 17, 20 and 22 orbits. Further, maximum Lyapunov exponents as well as fractal dimensions are also computed numerically to show the presence of chaotic behavior in the model under consideration.
Fulltext The effect of ertugliflozin in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial

Khaliq A, Badshah H, Shah Y, Rehman IU, Khan KU, Ming LC, et al.

Medicine (Baltimore), 2024 Nov 08;103(45):e40356.
PMID: 39533572 DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000040356

BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease associated with liver inflammation, fibrosis, and cirrhosis and is associated with a greater risk of hepatocarcinoma. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a persistent and progressive form of NAFLD. Recent evidence suggested that ertugliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2), suppresses NAFLD development in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The objective of this study was to determine the impact of ertugliflozin on improving NAFLD in patients with T2DM and the function of liver enzymes.
METHODS: This prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, interventional study aimed to determine the effectiveness of 15 mg of ertugliflozin versus 30 mg of the standard therapy pioglitazone versus placebo in NAFLD patients with T2DM. The study was established based on patient randomization in three groups: ertugliflozin, pioglitazone, and a placebo. This study was registered under the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (Trial ID: ACTRN12624000032550).
RESULTS: The impact of therapy was determined in the treatment groups by utilizing liver ultrasonography and biochemical parameters. After 24 weeks of clinical study, the results revealed significant improvement in the grades of fatty liver, especially in the ertugliflozin group. The number of patients with hepatic steatosis significantly decreased among the respective groups classified according to fatty liver grade. Among patients in the ertugliflozin and pioglitazone groups, 45% to 23.4% and 41.7% to 26.6%, respectively, decreased in the Grade 2 group. The aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels were significantly lower in all the study groups, especially in the ertugliflozin group (P ≤ .001).
CONCLUSION: The present study revealed that the concomitant use of ertugliflozin has favorable effects on liver enzymes, as it decreases liver fat intake and reduces complications in patients with NAFLD-associated T2DM. However, more in-depth studies will be required to observe every aspect of ertugliflozin.
Hepatoprotective Effect of a Kalanchoe pinnata-Based Beverage Against Carbon Tetrachloride- and Gentamicin-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Rats

Saeed K, Chughtai MFJ, Ahsan S, Mehmood T, Khalid MZ, Khaliq A, et al.

J Am Nutr Assoc, 2025 Feb 12.
PMID: 39937610 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2024.2442615

OBJECTIVE: Chronic liver diseases are accountable for approximately 2 million deaths annually. The current study aimed to test the putative prophylactic role of Kalanchoe pinnata against hepatic stress.
METHOD: Kalanchoe pinnata leaf extracts utilized in beverage production were obtained via 3 different extraction techniques (conventional solvent extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction).
RESULTS: The highest values on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid assay were from a beverage prepared with supercritical fluid extract. When the prophylactic aspects of a Kalanchoe pinnata-based beverage were explored against carbon tetrachloride- (CCl4-) and gentamicin-induced hepatotoxic conditions in male Wistar rats, results revealed a reduction in serum aspartate aminotransferase, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum alanine transaminase, and bilirubin levels in rats with CCl4 and gentamicin-induced toxicity. The study also concluded that the administration of a therapeutic beverage significantly improved serum total protein, albumin, and globulin levels in Kalanchoe pinnata-treated rats.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the ameliorative potential of Kalanchoe pinnata against liver diseases.
Fulltext Thin layer drying kinetics and quality dynamics of persimmon (Diospyros kaki) treated with preservatives and solar dried under different temperatures

Khaliq A, Li WF, Ali S, Shah ST, Ma ZH, Mao J, et al.

PLoS One, 2022;17(3):e0265111.
PMID: 35353819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265111

Poor postharvest handling, microbial infestation, and high respiration rate are some the factors are responsible for poor storage life of perishable commodities. Therefore, effective preservation of these commodities is needed to lower the damages and extend shelf life. Preservation is regarded as the action taken to maintain desired properties of a perishable commodity as long as possible. Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) is perishable fruit with high nutritive value; however, has very short shelf-life. Therefore, effective preservation and drying is needed to extend its storage life. Drying temperature and preservatives significantly influence the quality of perishable vegetables and fruits during drying. The current study investigated the effect of different temperatures and preservatives on drying kinetics and organoleptic quality attributes of persimmon. Persimmon fruits were treated with preservatives (25% honey, 25% aloe vera, 2% sodium benzoate, 1% potassium metabisulfite, and 2% citric acid solutions) under different drying temperatures (40, 45, and 50°C). All observed parameters were significantly affected by individual effects of temperatures and preservatives, except ash contents. Similarly, interactive effects were significant for all parameters except total soluble sugars, ash contents, and vitamin C. Generally, fruits treated with citric acid and dried under 50°C had 8.2% moisture loss hour-1, 14.9 drying hours, 0.030 g H2O g-1 hr-1, 1.23° Brix of total soluble solids, 6.71 pH, 1.35% acidity, and 6.3 mg vitamin C. These values were better than the rest of the preservatives and drying temperatures used in the study. Therefore, treating fruits with citric acid and drying at 50°C was found a promising technique to extend storage life of persimmon fruits. It is recommended that persimmon fruits dried at 50°C and preserved in citric acid can be used for longer storage period.