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Dentinal tubules occluded by bioactive glass-containing toothpaste exhibit high resistance toward acidic soft drink challenge

Bakri MM, Hossain MZ, Razak FA, Saqina ZH, Misroni AA, Ab-Murat N, et al.

Aust Dent J, 2017 Jun;62(2):186-191.
PMID: 27813093 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12484

BACKGROUND: Dentine hypersensitivity is a common problem attributed by patent dentinal tubules. Ingredients incorporated in toothpastes aim to occlude patent dentinal tubules to minimize the dentine hypersensitivity. However, frequent consumption of acidic soft drinks may reverse the dentinal tubules' occlusion. In this in vitro study, the efficacy of dentinal tubules occluded by commercially available toothpastes to withstand different durations of an acidic soft drink challenge was investigated.
METHODS: One hundred and twenty dentine discs were divided into three groups. The discs from each group were brushed with toothpaste containing bioactive glass, arginine and control toothpaste. Each group was then divided into four subgroups and exposed to acidic soft drink over four different time durations.
RESULTS: The scoring and the percentage of occluded dentinal tubules by Novamin-containing toothpaste was significantly better compared with arginine or the control toothpaste. Acidic soft drink challenge reduced the extent of dentinal tubules occlusion along with time. Dentinal tubules occluded by Novamin-containing toothpaste withstand the acidic challenge comparatively for a longer period.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings demonstrated that occlusion of dentinal tubules is more efficient by the bioactive glass-containing toothpaste and thus may contribute to its better resistance to acidic soft drink challenge.
Fulltext The Role of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Channels in the Transduction of Dental Pain

Hossain MZ, Bakri MM, Yahya F, Ando H, Unno S, Kitagawa J

Int J Mol Sci, 2019 Jan 27;20(3).
PMID: 30691193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030526

Dental pain is a common health problem that negatively impacts the activities of daily living. Dentine hypersensitivity and pulpitis-associated pain are among the most common types of dental pain. Patients with these conditions feel pain upon exposure of the affected tooth to various external stimuli. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying dental pain, especially the transduction of external stimuli to electrical signals in the nerve, remain unclear. Numerous ion channels and receptors localized in the dental primary afferent neurons (DPAs) and odontoblasts have been implicated in the transduction of dental pain, and functional expression of various polymodal transient receptor potential (TRP) channels has been detected in DPAs and odontoblasts. External stimuli-induced dentinal tubular fluid movement can activate TRP channels on DPAs and odontoblasts. The odontoblasts can in turn activate the DPAs by paracrine signaling through ATP and glutamate release. In pulpitis, inflammatory mediators may sensitize the DPAs. They could also induce post-translational modifications of TRP channels, increase trafficking of these channels to nerve terminals, and increase the sensitivity of these channels to stimuli. Additionally, in caries-induced pulpitis, bacterial products can directly activate TRP channels on DPAs. In this review, we provide an overview of the TRP channels expressed in the various tooth structures, and we discuss their involvement in the development of dental pain.
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) expression on the nerve fibers of human dental pulp is upregulated under inflammatory condition

Bakri MM, Yahya F, Munawar KMM, Kitagawa J, Hossain MZ

Arch Oral Biol, 2018 May;89:94-98.
PMID: 29499561 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.02.011

OBJECTIVE: Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) has been considered as a mechano-, thermo- and osmo-receptor. Under inflammatory conditions in dental pulp, teeth can become sensitive upon exposure to a variety of innocuous stimuli. The objective of the present study was to investigate the expression of the TRPV4 channel on nerve fibers in human dental pulp of non-symptomatic and symptomatic teeth associated with inflammatory conditions.
DESIGN: Dental pulp from extracted human permanent teeth was processed for fluorescence immunohistochemistry. Ten asymptomatic (normal) and 10 symptomatic (symptoms associated with pulpitis) teeth were used in this study. Nerve fibers were identified by immunostaining for a marker, protein gene product 9.5, and the cells were counterstained with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. An anti-TRPV4 antibody was used to trace TRPV4 expression.
RESULTS: TRPV4 expression was co-localized with the nerve fiber marker. Immunoreactivity for TRPV4 was more intense (p

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