MyMedR

Displaying all 3 publications

Abstract:

Sort:

Molecular epidemiology of wild poliovirus type 1 in Europe, the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent

Mulders MN, Lipskaya GY, van der Avoort HG, Koopmans MP, Kew OM, van Loon AM

J Infect Dis, 1995 Jun;171(6):1399-405.
PMID: 7769273

The genomic relationships of wild poliovirus type 1 strains recently isolated in Europe, the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent was analyzed by automated amplicon sequencing of the VP1/2A junction region of the genome. Four major genotypes of poliovirus type 1 were found to circulate. Two genotypes were found predominantly in Eastern Europe, one of these in the Caucasian Region and the other in countries bordering the Black Sea. A third genotype circulated mainly in Egypt. The fourth and largest genotype circulated in the largest geographic area. Strains belonging to this genotype could be found in countries as far apart as Malaysia and Ukraine. Considerable genetic variation was observed among strains isolated in Egypt, Pakistan, and India, where poliovirus is endemic. Strains belonging to all four genotypes circulated in Pakistan. Data confirm the extent of poliovirus circulation in certain regions, stressing the need for intensification of vaccination in these regions.
Fulltext Global epidemiology, seasonality and climatic drivers of the four human parainfluenza virus types

Song Y, Gong YN, Chen KF, Smith DK, Zaraket H, Bialasiewicz S, et al.

J Infect, 2025 Feb 26;90(4):106451.
PMID: 40021020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106451

OBJECTIVES: Human parainfluenza viruses (hPIV) are a common cause of acute respiratory infections, especially in children under five years and the elderly. hPIV can be subclassified as types 1-4: these showed various seasonality patterns worldwide, and it is unclear how climatic factors might consistently explain their global epidemiology.
METHODS: This study collected time-series incidence data from the literature and hPIV surveillance programs worldwide (47 locations). Wavelet analysis and circular statistics were used to detect the seasonality and the months of peak incidence for each hPIV type. Relationships between climatic drivers and incidence peaks were assessed using a generalized estimating equation.
RESULTS: The average positive rate of hPIV among patients with respiratory symptoms was 5.6% and ranged between 0.69-3.48% for different types. In the northern temperate region, the median peak incidence months for hPIV1, hPIV2, and hPIV4 were from September to October, while for hPIV3, it was in late May. Seasonal peaks of hPIV3 were associated with higher monthly temperatures and lower diurnal temperatures range throughout the year; hPIV4 peaks appeared to correlate with lower monthly temperatures and higher precipitation throughout the year. Different hPIV types exhibit different patterns of global epidemiology and transmission.
CONCLUSIONS: Climate drivers may play a role in hPIV transmission. More comprehensive and coherent surveillance of hPIV types would enable more in-depth analyses and inform the timing of preventive measures.
Fulltext Global monitoring of antimicrobial resistance based on metagenomics analyses of urban sewage

Hendriksen RS, Munk P, Njage P, van Bunnik B, McNally L, Lukjancenko O, et al.

Nat Commun, 2019 03 08;10(1):1124.
PMID: 30850636 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08853-3

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious threat to global public health, but obtaining representative data on AMR for healthy human populations is difficult. Here, we use metagenomic analysis of untreated sewage to characterize the bacterial resistome from 79 sites in 60 countries. We find systematic differences in abundance and diversity of AMR genes between Europe/North-America/Oceania and Africa/Asia/South-America. Antimicrobial use data and bacterial taxonomy only explains a minor part of the AMR variation that we observe. We find no evidence for cross-selection between antimicrobial classes, or for effect of air travel between sites. However, AMR gene abundance strongly correlates with socio-economic, health and environmental factors, which we use to predict AMR gene abundances in all countries in the world. Our findings suggest that global AMR gene diversity and abundance vary by region, and that improving sanitation and health could potentially limit the global burden of AMR. We propose metagenomic analysis of sewage as an ethically acceptable and economically feasible approach for continuous global surveillance and prediction of AMR.

Filters

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links