The widespread discharge of organic dyes into the wastewater from various industrial processes has develop a major environmental apprehension in the modern world. To tackle such environmental issues, we are synthesizing a novel catalyst of composition, Ba1 - xCoxDyyFe12-yO19 (x = y = 0.02-0.06) using sol-gel auto-combustion (SGAC) for the photocatalytic eradication of malachite green dye (MGD). The fabricated sample show single-phase hexagonal structure. The hexagonal-shaped grains are seen in the field emission spectroscopy (FESEM) visuals of prepared hexaferrites. The oxidation states of every element present in the developed specimens are investigated using the X-ray photoelectron spectrophotometer scrutinized. The specific surface area (SSA) of the HF1 sample is 3.523 m2/g, whereas the band gap values of co-doped barium hexaferrites are found within the range of 1.61 to 1.75 eV. The magnetic analysis of developed hexaferrites indicates that increasing the concentration of Dy and Co, raised in the saturation magnetization and declines in coercivity. The conducted photocatalytic evaluations reveal that the removal efficiencies of 89.85%, 91.12%, and 94.36% are obtained for the prepared HF1, HF2, and HF3 hexaferrites after 90 min of natural irradiation. Moreover, the capability for the reusability of the synthesized hexaferrites is assessed over a series of five consecutive experimental cycles. As a result, this research delves at potential applications of co-doped BaFe12O19 hexaferrites in the photocatalytic eradication of MGD for environmental applications.
Water pollution from the industrial dyes is a serious hazard to ecosystems, and addressing this issue is a significant challenge. To address these issues, we are fabricated BaDyxFe12-xO19 (x = 0.02 to 0.06) by sol-gel auto-ignition (SGA) technique. Several characterizations were used to scrutinize the structural, optical, photocatalytic, and magnetic traits of the produced samples. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the sample revels the hexagonal crystal structure. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) of both samples reveal the existence of agglomerated grains showing hexagonal shapes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses confirm the oxidation state of every element present in the synthesized nanomaterials. The specific surface area was found to be 1.069 m2/g for BDF1 and 1.466 m2/g for BDF3. The band gap of the BDF1, BDF2, and BDF3 samples are found 2.16, 2.12, and 1.99 eV. The photocatalytic efficacy of the catalysts was examined by removal of the CR in natural light. A notable degradation efficiency of 89.29% are achieved by the BDF3 catalyst within 90 minutes under natural sunlight irradiation. The results demonstrate a straightforward and efficient approach for producing photocatalytic materials that are highly effective for the elimination of dye pollutants in wastewater treatment.
Although CAR-T cell therapy has emerged as a game-changer in cancer immunotherapy several bottlenecks limit its widespread use as a front-line therapy. Current protocols for the production of CAR-T cells rely mainly on the use of lentiviral/retroviral vectors. Nevertheless, according to the safety concerns around the use of viral vectors, there are several regulatory hurdles to their clinical use. Large-scale production of viral vectors under "Current Good Manufacturing Practice" (cGMP) involves rigorous quality control assessments and regulatory requirements that impose exorbitant costs on suppliers and as a result, lead to a significant increase in the cost of treatment. Pursuing an efficient non-viral method for genetic modification of immune cells is a hot topic in cell-based gene therapy. This study aims to investigate the current state-of-the-art in non-viral methods of CAR-T cell manufacturing. In the first part of this study, after reviewing the advantages and disadvantages of the clinical use of viral vectors, different non-viral vectors and the path of their clinical translation are discussed. These vectors include transposons (sleeping beauty, piggyBac, Tol2, and Tc Buster), programmable nucleases (ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas9), mRNA, plasmids, minicircles, and nanoplasmids. Afterward, various methods for efficient delivery of non-viral vectors into the cells are reviewed.