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  1. Nesaretnam K, Radhakrishnan A, Selvaduray KR, Reimann K, Pailoor J, Razak G, et al.
    Lipids, 2002 Jun;37(6):557-60.
    PMID: 12120953
    Biological therapies are new additions to breast cancer treatment. Among biological compounds, beta-carotene has been reported to have immune modulatory effects, in particular, enhancement of natural killer cell activity and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by macrophages. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of palm carotene supplementation on the tumorigenicity of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells injected into athymic nude mice and to explore the mechanism by which palm carotenes suppress tumorigenesis. Forty-eight 4-wk-old mice were injected with 1 x 10(6) MCF-7 cells into their mammary fat pad. The experimental group was supplemented with palm carotene whereas the control group was not. Significant differences were observed in tumor incidence (P< 0.001) and tumor surface area and metastasis to lung (P< 0.005) between the two groups. Natural killer (NK) cells and B-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of carotene-supplemented mice were significantly increased (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively) compared with controls. These results suggest that palm oil carotene is able to modulate the immune system by increasing peripheral blood NK cells and B-lymphocytes and suppress the growth of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.
  2. Tengku Hamzah TNN, Mahmood MM, Izham MS, Goh YC
    J Paediatr Child Health, 2025 Jan;61(1):80-86.
    PMID: 39501586 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.16718
    AIM: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of oral and maxillofacial biopsies in paediatric population, up to 16 years of age from 1991 to 2021. This study aimed to investigate the frequency, demographic and clinicopathological characteristics of paediatric biopsies according to the diagnosis categories of the main tertiary centre in Malaysia.

    METHODS: A total of 17294 histopathological reports from Diagnostic Oral Pathology Unit between 1991 and 2021 were retrieved. One thousand eleven histopathological reports that fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. Information of interest was extracted from histopathological reports. The lesions were categorised into 10 diagnosis categories. Descriptive and correlation analysis were performed.

    RESULTS: Paediatric oral and maxillofacial biopsies accounted for 5.9% of the total biopsies received. The peak incidence of diagnosis was in age range of 12 to 16 years old and mean age of 11.6 years old (±3.5), with female preponderance. The most common category of diagnosis was salivary gland pathology with mucocele (30%) being the most frequently diagnosed lesions. Lip and labial mucosa were the commonest site of occurrence. Specimen sizes smaller than 1 cm were the most common specimen diameter with mean size of 1.6 cm (±1.5). Age, site of occurrence and specimen size were statistically significant (P 

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