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Photodynamic application of protoporphyrin IX as a photosensitizer encapsulated by silica nanoparticles

Makhadmeh GN, Abdul Aziz A

Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol, 2018;46(sup3):S1043-S1046.

PMID: 30449196 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1528982

BACKGROUND: Achieved Silica Nanoparticles (SiNPs) to encapsulate the photosensitizer [Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX)] in photodynamic therapy (PDT) application was reported in this research.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cytotoxicity for five different concentrations of encapsulated and naked PpIX was measured. Optimum concentration and optimum exposure time of encapsulated and naked PpIX that needed to destroy the cells (Osteosarcoma cells) was measured.

RESULTS: The results showed that the encapsulated PpIX has more efficacy compared to the naked PpIX and the applicability of the encapsulated PpIX-SiNPs was proved on osteosarcoma cells.

CONCLUSION: The results established the important in-vitro photodynamic effectiveness of PpIX-SiNP, which may open a new application for PpIX in its clinical and in-vitro studies.

The efficacy of methylene blue encapsulated in silica nanoparticles compared to naked methylene blue for photodynamic applications

Makhadmeh GN, Abdul Aziz A, Abdul Razak K

Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol, 2016 May;44(3):1018-22.

PMID: 25707443 DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2015.1008511

This study analyzed the physical effects of methylene blue (MB) encapsulated within silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) in photodynamic therapy.

Artificial tissue sensitized with encapsulated methylene blue encapsulated by silica nanoparticles in photodynamic therapy

Makhadmeh GN, Abdul Aziz A, Abdul Razak K

Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol, 2016 Aug;44(5):1285-9.

PMID: 25811998 DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2015.1024843

The synthesis of methylene blue (MB) encapsulated in silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) as an application for photodynamic therapy is reported in this study. Semi-rigid tissues with optical properties similar to that of human tissues were used as sample materials to determine the applicability of MB encapsulated in SiNPs.

Encapsulation efficacy of natural and synthetic photosensitizers by silica nanoparticles for photodynamic applications

Makhadmeh GN, Abdul Aziz A, Abdul Razak K, Abu Noqta O

IET Nanobiotechnol, 2015 Dec;9(6):381-5.

PMID: 26647815 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2015.0003

This study analysed the physical effects of Cichorium Pumilum (CP), as a natural photosensitizer (PS), and Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), as a synthetic PS, encapsulated with silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) in photodynamic therapy. The optimum concentrations of CP and PpIX, needed to destroy Red Blood Cells (RBC), were determined and the efficacy of encapsulated CP and PpIX were compared with naked CP and PpIX was verified. The results confirmed the applicability of CP and PpIX encapsulated in SiNPs on RBCs, and established a relationship between the encapsulated CP and PpIX concentration and the time required to rupture 50% of the RBCs (t50). The CP and PpIX encapsulated in SiNPs exhibited higher efficacy compared with that of naked CP and PpIX, respectively, and CP had less efficacy compared with PpIX.

Fulltext Enhancing photodynamic therapy efficacy through silica nanoparticle-mediated delivery of temoporfin for targeted in vitro breast cancer treatment

Makhadmeh GN, AlZoubi T, Aljarrah AM, Abu Mhareb MH, Alami JHA, Zyoud SH

Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, 2024 Feb 28;46:104034.

PMID: 38423234 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104034

Photodynamic therapy (PDT), an approach to cancer treatment, relies fundamentally on two key elements: a light source and a photosensitizing agent. A primary challenge in PDT is the efficient delivery of photosensitizers to the target tissue, hindered by the body's reticuloendothelial system (RES). Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs), known for their unique properties, emerge as ideal carriers in this context. In this study, SiNPs are utilized to encapsulate Temoporfin, a photosensitizer, aiming to enhance its delivery and reduce toxicity, particularly for treating MCF-7 cancer cells in vitro. The synthesized SiNPs were meticulously characterized by their size and shape using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The study also involved evaluating the cytotoxicity of both encapsulated and naked Temoporfin across various concentrations. The objective was to determine the ideal concentration and exposure duration using red laser light (intensity approximately 110 mW/cm2) to effectively eradicate MCF-7 cells. The findings revealed that Temoporfin, when encapsulated in SiNPs, demonstrated significantly greater effectiveness compared to its naked form, with notable improvements in concentration efficiency (50 %) and exposure time efficiency (76.6 %). This research not only confirms the superior effectiveness of encapsulated Temoporfin in eliminating cancer cells but also highlights the potential of SiNPs as an efficient drug delivery system in photodynamic therapy. This sets the groundwork for more advanced strategies in cancer treatment.

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