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  1. The effect of hypnotherapy on exam anxiety among nursing students
    Hamzah F, Mat KC, Amaran S
    J Complement Integr Med, 2021 Jun 23.
    PMID: 34463077 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2020-0388
    OBJECTIVES: This study examines the effect of hypnotherapy on exam anxiety among first-year nursing students. Nursing students have high tendency to experience stress and anxiety. Anxiety therapy which encompasses mind and body would be helpful for them.

    METHODS: Sixty first-year nursing students participated in this interventional study. The hypnotherapy sessions started eight weeks prior to second exam. Outcome of hypnotherapy were assessed by measuring the exam anxiety score using TAI and clinical measurements (serum cortisol and vital signs). The measurements were done twice, there are two exams, where first exam and measurement were 1 day before exam (without hypnotherapy) and the second exam and measurement were 1 day before exam (with hypnotherapy).

    RESULTS: The mean difference of exam anxiety score and serum cortisol level between pre and post hypnotherapy sessions was statistically significant.

    CONCLUSIONS: This study found that hypnotherapy is an effective tool in the management of exam anxiety among the nursing students.

  2. The Role of Atypical Antipsychotics in Sexuality: Road to Recovery in Schizophrenia
    Adam RL, Sidi H, Midin M, Zakaria H, Das S, Mat KC
    Curr Drug Targets, 2018;19(12):1402-1411.
    PMID: 28464773 DOI: 10.2174/1389450118666170502130126
    Sexuality is an important dimension in human beings as a form of expression of individuality. For many decades, sexual functioning has been a neglected area among patients suffering from schizophrenia. It was a presumption that patients with schizophrenia could be asexual and this could be secondary to overwhelming situations of delusion, hallucination, hostility and negative symptoms among others. The deficient in sexual functioning are due to innate factors, i.e. negative symptoms (apathy, avolition and amotivation) and also as a result of prefrontal dysfunction, i.e. inability to plan and execute meaningful relationship. Adverse effects of the psychopharmacological agents, especially the typical antipsychotics, e.g. dystonia, excessive sedation and hyperprolactinemia may interfere with patients' sexual activity. In this review, we highlight the neurobiology of schizophrenia in the context of understanding sexual functioning and to integrate the knowledge of dopamine-serotonin neurotransmitter's interaction and the receptors' target. Interventional approaches consist of psychopharmacological and psychosocial interventions. In the perspective of sexuality, we recommend atypical antipsychotic should be placed as the first line treatment for both drug naïve patients and also to patients who are already receiving psychopharmacological agents in consideration for a drug-switch from typical to atypical antipsychotics. Aripiprazole, clozapine, olanzapine and quetiapine exert benefits in terms of sexual functioning recovery due to their atypical mechanism of action. However, the potential adverse effect like metabolic syndrome should be adequately managed to prevent negative consequences. Psychosocial interventions, i.e. psychoeducation, destigmatization, supportive psychotherapy and psychiatric rehabilitation also play a crucial role in the management. In conclusion, restoration of sexual function is an achievable recovery target in patients with schizophrenia through these biopsycho- social interventions.
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