Nowadays, in extreme changing environments, development of submergence tolerance variety is necessary for ensuring
crop production stability where, it is known that Malaysian commercial rice varieties such as MR219, MR220 and MR263
were severely susceptible to submergence. First step towards the development of submergence tolerance variety starts
with the breeding program by crossing MR263 and Swarna-Sub1. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) was carried out through
the utilization of simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers, considering its reliability as pre-selection tools to conduct this
research. F1
generations plants were confirmed by tightly linked markers. In case of background study, out of 180 SSR
markers, 38 were found polymorphic between two parents. Association of molecular markers and submergence tolerance
were determined using Chi-square test. MR263 × Swarna-Sub1 F2 lines were tested for Sub1 gene conformation using
the markers RM8300 and RM219. These markers showed a good fit to the expected marker segregation ratio (1:2:1) in
a Mendelian single gene model (DF=1.0, p≤0.05). Eleven homozygous lines with Sub1 gene out of 256 were selected
for future development of submergence tolerant varieties. Eleven lines were selected based on phenotypic study and
agronomic performance.
The use of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) hybridization to detect disease-related gene expression is a valuable diagnostic tool. An ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) with a graphene layer has been utilized for detecting DNA hybridization. Silicene is a two-dimensional silicon allotrope with structural properties similar to graphene. Thus, it has recently experienced intensive scientific research interest due to its unique electrical, mechanical, and sensing characteristics. In this paper, we proposed an ISFET structure with silicene and electrolyte layers for the label-free detection of DNA hybridization. When DNA hybridization occurs, it changes the ion concentration in the surface layer of the silicene and the pH level of the electrolyte solution. The process also changes the quantum capacitance of the silicene layer and the electrical properties of the ISFET device. The quantum capacitance and the corresponding resonant frequency readout of the silicene and graphene are compared. The performance evaluation found that the changes in quantum capacitance, resonant frequency, and tuning ratio indicate that the sensitivity of silicene is much more effective than graphene.