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Occurrence of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria in Pond Water Associated with Integrated Poultry-Fish Farming in Bangladesh

Farzana Ashrafi Neela, MST. Nasrin Akhter Banu, Md. Atiqur Rahman, M. Firoz Alam, M. Habibur Rahman

Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:371-377.

The use of antibiotics in poultry feed can cause antibiotic resistance in integrated poultry-fish farming pond environment.
Therefore, the goal of this study was to monitor the prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria in pond water associated with
poultry-fish farming in Bangladesh. The results showed that the prevalence rate of tetracycline (TC) and ampicillin (AMP)
resistant bacteria were 0.24 to 2.59% and 0.16 to 1.0%, respectively. The higher prevalence rate of TC and AMP-resistant
bacteria was found in site 3 followed by site 4 and 2 compared with control site 1. Site 2, 3 and 4 were adjacent to the
integrated poultry farm. On the other hand, higher TC and AMP-resistant bacteria were found in the rainy season than
in the winter. The minimum inhibitory concentration result showed quite high level of TC and AMP-resistant bacterial
distribution in the pond water. Seven genera of resistant bacteri¡a were identified in pond water samples by 16S rRNA
gene analysis. Among them Acinetobacter sp. was predominant followed by Enterococcus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus,
Staphylococcus sp., Enterobacter sp. and Brevibacillus sp.
Selection of high yielding Jatropha curcas L. accessions for elite hybrid seed production

Nurul Hidayah Che Mat, Md Atiqur Rahman Bhuiyan, Senan S, Ratnam W, Zahira Yaakob

Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:1567-1572.

Phenotypic selection of individuals is the first step in a selective breeding program for elite hybrid seed production. In
this study, a total of 295 Jatropha curcas individuals raised from cuttings representing 21 accessions, collected from eight
different countries were evaluated for growth performance. The evaluation was done at the Biodiesel Research Station
of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Pilah from December 2012 to December 2013. Individual plants from each
accession were observed on several agronomic and yield related traits and all the data were recorded periodically.
Performance of each accession was analyzed using Statistical Analysis System (SAS) 9.4. Four traits which were plant
height (PH), number of flowers per inflorescence (NFI), number of female flowers per inflorescence (NFFPI) and hundred
seed weight (HSW) showed significant differences among the accessions after one year of planting. Maximum values for
each trait were 115.5 cm for PH, 6 for number of branches per plant (BPP), 9 for number of inflorescences per plant
(NIPP), 25 for number of fruits per plant (NFPP), 5 for number of fruits per inflorescence (NFPI), 191 for NFI, 10 for
NFFPI, 81.0 g for HSW and 70 for number of seeds per plant (NSPP). Accession number 1 from Thailand showed the best
performance for most traits. A highly significant and positive correlation was found between NFPP and NSPP. Based on
superior trait values for NIPP, NFPP, NFPI, NFI, NFFPI and HSW, five plants from accession UKMJC 01, 04, 05, 13 and 14
have been selected for generating elite intraspecific hybrids.
Association between QTLs and morphological traits toward sheath blight resistance in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Hossain MK, Jena KK, Bhuiyan MA, Wickneswari R

Breed Sci, 2016 Sep;66(4):613-626.
PMID: 27795687

Sheath blight is considered the most significant disease of rice and causes enormous yield losses over the world. Breeding for resistant varieties is the only viable option to combat the disease efficiently. Seventeen diverged rice genotypes along with 17 QTL-linked SSR markers were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Pearson's correlation showed only the flag leaf angle had a significant correlation with sheath blight resistance under greenhouse screening. Multivariate analysis based on UPGMA clustering and principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the flag leaf angle, flag leaf length, and plant compactness were significantly associated with the following SSR marker alleles: RM209 (116,130), RM202 (176), RM224 (126), RM257 (156), RM426 (175), and RM6971 (196), which are linked to the SB QTLs: QRlh11, qSBR11-3, qSBR11-1, qSBR9-1, qShB3-2, and qSB-9. A Mantel test suggested a weak relationship between the observed phenotypes and allelic variation patterns, implying the independent nature of morphological and molecular variations. Teqing and Tetep were found to be the most resistant cultivars. IR65482-4-136-2-2, MR219-4, and MR264 showed improved resistance potentials. These results suggest that the morphological traits and QTLs which have been found to associate with sheath blight resistance are a good choice to enhance resistance through pyramiding either 2 QTLs or QTLs and traits in susceptible rice cultivars.
Fulltext Introgression of the QTL qSB11-1TT conferring sheath blight resistance in rice (Oryza sativa) into an elite variety, UKMRC 2, and evaluation of its backcross-derived plants

Hossain MK, Islam MR, Sundaram RM, Bhuiyan MAR, Wickneswari R

Front Plant Sci, 2022;13:981345.
PMID: 36699836 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.981345

INTRODUCTION: Sheath blight (SB) is the most damaging fungal disease in rice caused by a soil-borne pathogenic fungus, Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn (R. solani). The disease resistance in rice is a complex quantitative trait controlled by a few major genes. UKMRC2 is a newly developed elite rice variety that possesses high yield potential but is susceptible to sheath blight disease indicating a huge risk of varietal promotion, mass cultivation, and large-scale adoption. The aim of our present study was the development of varietal resistance against R. solani in UKMRC2 to enhance its stability and durability in a wide range of environments and to validate the effects of an SB-resistance QTL on the new genetic background.
METHODS: In our study, we developed 290 BC1F1 backcross progenies from a cross between UKMRC2 and Tetep to introgress the QTL qSBR11-1TT into the UKMRC2 genetic background. Validation of the introgressed QTL region was performed via QTL analysis based on QTL-linked SSR marker genotyping and phenotyping against R. solani artificial field inoculation techniques.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The QTL qSBR11-1TT was then authenticated with the results of LOD score (3.25) derived from composite interval mapping, percent phenotypic variance explained (14.6%), and additive effect (1.1) of the QTLs. The QTL region was accurately defined by a pair of flanking markers K39512 and RM7443 with a peak marker RM27360. We found that the presence of combination of alleles, RM224, RM27360 and K39512 demonstrate an improved resistance against the disease rather than any of the single allele. Thus, the presence of the QTL qSBR11-1TT has been validated and confirmed in the URMRC2 genetic background which reveals an opportunity to use the QTL linked with these resistance alleles opens an avenue to resume sheath blight resistance breeding in the future with marker-assisted selection program to boost up resistance in rice varieties.