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Fulltext Structural Characterization and Antioxidant Potential of Chitosan by γ-Irradiation from the Carapace of Horseshoe Crab

Pati S, Chatterji A, Dash BP, Raveen Nelson B, Sarkar T, Shahimi S, et al.

Polymers (Basel), 2020 Oct 15;12(10).
PMID: 33076234 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102361

Natural product extraction is ingenuity that permits the mass manufacturing of specific products in a cost-effective manner. With the aim of obtaining an alternative chitosan supply, the carapace of dead horseshoe crabs seemed feasible. This sparked an investigation of the structural changes and antioxidant capacity of horseshoe crab chitosan (HCH) by γ-irradiation using 60Co source. Chitosan was extracted from the horseshoe crab (Tachypleus gigas; Müller) carapace using heterogeneous chemical N-deacetylation of chitin, followed by the irradiation of HCH using 60Co at a dose-dependent rate of 10 kGy/hour. The average molecular weight was determined by the viscosimetric method. Regarding the chemical properties, the crystal-like structures obtained from γ-irradiated chitosan powders were determined using Fourier transfer infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The change in chitosan structure was evident with dose-dependent rates between 10 and 20 kGy/hour. The antioxidant properties of horseshoe crab-derived chitosan were evaluated in vitro. The 20 kGy γ-irradiation applied to chitosan changed the structure and reduced the molecular weight, providing sufficient degradation for an increase in antioxidant activity. Our findings indicate that horseshoe crab chitosan can be employed for both scald-wound healing and long-term food preservation due to its buffer-like and radical ion scavenging ability.
Metal pollution in freshwater fish: A key indicator of contamination and carcinogenic risk to public health

Panda BP, Mohanta YK, Parida SP, Pradhan A, Mohanta TK, Patowary K, et al.

Environ Pollut, 2023 Aug 01;330:121796.
PMID: 37169242 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121796

Metals are micropollutants that cannot be degraded by microorganisms and are infiltrated into various environmental media, including both freshwater and marine water. Metals from polluted water are absorbed by many aquatic species, especially fish. Fish is a staple food in the diets of many regions in the world; hence, both the type and concentration of metals accumulated and transferred from contaminated water sources to fish must be determined and assessed. In this study, the heavy metal concentration was determined and assessed in fish collected from freshwater sources via published literature and Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Target hazard quotient (THQ), and Carcinogenic Risk (CR) analyses, aiming to examine the metal pollution in freshwater fish. The fish was used as a bioindicator, and Geographic information system (GIS) was sued to map the polluted regions. The results confirmed that Pb was detected in fish sampled at 28 locations, Cr at 24 locations, Cu and Zn at 30 locations, with values Pb detected ranging from 0.0016 mg kg-1 to 44.3 mg kg-1, Cr detected ranging from 0.07 mg kg-1 to 27 mg kg-1, Cu detected ranging from 0.031 mg kg-1 to 35.54 mg kg-1, and Zn detected ranging from 0.242 mg kg-1 to 103.2 mg kg-1. The strongest positive associations were discovered between Cu-Zn (r = 0.74, p
Fulltext The International Natural Product Sciences Taskforce (INPST) and the power of Twitter networking exemplified through #INPST hashtag analysis

Singla RK, De R, Efferth T, Mezzetti B, Sahab Uddin M, Sanusi, et al.

Phytomedicine, 2023 Jan;108:154520.
PMID: 36334386 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154520

BACKGROUND: The development of digital technologies and the evolution of open innovation approaches have enabled the creation of diverse virtual organizations and enterprises coordinating their activities primarily online. The open innovation platform titled "International Natural Product Sciences Taskforce" (INPST) was established in 2018, to bring together in collaborative environment individuals and organizations interested in natural product scientific research, and to empower their interactions by using digital communication tools.
METHODS: In this work, we present a general overview of INPST activities and showcase the specific use of Twitter as a powerful networking tool that was used to host a one-week "2021 INPST Twitter Networking Event" (spanning from 31st May 2021 to 6th June 2021) based on the application of the Twitter hashtag #INPST.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The use of this hashtag during the networking event period was analyzed with Symplur Signals (https://www.symplur.com/), revealing a total of 6,036 tweets, shared by 686 users, which generated a total of 65,004,773 impressions (views of the respective tweets). This networking event's achieved high visibility and participation rate showcases a convincing example of how this social media platform can be used as a highly effective tool to host virtual Twitter-based international biomedical research events.

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