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Fulltext Apoptosis: Dual Role in Aetiology and Cure

Wynn, Aye Aye, Myint, Ohnmar, Mya, Nang Khin

Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2019;13(3):5-10.
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Apoptosis is a programmed cell death which occurs following a variety of stimuli. Physiologically the process is important for morphogenesis of organs and homeostasis of different types of cells. Apoptotic cell death is responsible for a variety of pathologic states such as elimination of cell death in mutated cells, infected cells, tumour cells and transplant rejection well as the pathological atrophy. In this review, there is discussion about the control of apoptosis, detection methods of apoptosis, its association with infectious and non-communicable diseases. Intracellular microorganisms survive through inhibition of host cell apoptosis as well as they destroy the parenchymal cells causing impaired functions. It plays important role in tumourigenesis. There are possible therapeutic roles of drugs that modify apoptosis in human diseases.
Fulltext Role of immunopathology in clinical course of malaria: a review

Wynn AA, Myint O

Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2018;12(3):3-10.
MyJurnal

Malaria is a major health problem in various parts of the world especially affecting the tropical countries. It affects the vital organs causing severe complicated malaria. Clinical syndromes like severe cerebral anaemia, coagulation abnormalities, respiratory distress and severe anaemia can increase the mortality of malaria infected cases. Variation in individual susceptibility and severity and type of clinical presentations of malaria raises the need for study of both the parasite and host immune reactions as well as the contribution of inflammatory cytokines in malaria pathogenesis. This study explored the immunopathological basis and advances of severe malaria and their importance in pathogenesis of malaria and its complications. Previous and ongoing studies indicate that changes in endothelium during the sequestration of parasites in organs causes disruption of endothelial barrier function leading to serious effects of malaria. Parasite and host factors contribute to disturbance of cytokine regulation and escape of parasites from the immune system of the host. Immunopathological changes and dysregulation of cytokine production play central role in pathogenesis and disease severity in malaria.
Fulltext Knowledge and utilization of laboratory services among employees of University Malaysia Sabah. [Abstract]

Wynn AA, Myint O, Mya NK, Aung TS, Myint T

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(106):39.
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Abstracts For The 1st International Borneo Healthcare And Public Health Conference And 4th Borneo Tropical Medicine And Infectious Disease Congress. Held at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia On 3rd-5th September 2019
Introduction: Laboratory screening tests are common elements of health care. Comprehensive care of patients is dependent on the results of laboratory investigations. Dissemination of knowledge and improving attitude of com-munity for utilization of laboratory services are utmost important in community health care. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and utilization of the laboratory services among the employees of University Malaysia Sabah, determine their expectations of employees on the medical laboratory services.
Methods: A total of 200 UMS staff participated. The data were collected using a cross-sectional self-administered questionnaires and descriptive data analysis was done.
Results: 5% of the participants in this study agreed to have the health check and blood screening tests every year. Less than 10% of respondents agreed to do more frequent blood tests check if they are at high risk such as family history of cancer, hypertension and diabetes 181 out of 200 respondents do not agree that doing laboratory tests can help for early diagnosis of some diseases. The most used laboratory tests were plasma sugar (70.8%), blood grouping (60.4%), urine examination (50%) and serum lipid (46%).
Conclusion: Based on the results, recommendations were made to improve the knowledge, attitude and utilization of the laboratory services and set up laboratory services easily accessible by the university community. This will lead to positive health benefits in people and improve associated health outcomes.
Fulltext Expression distribution of cancer stem cells, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and telomerase activity in breast cancer and their association with clinicopathologic characteristics

Makki J, Myint O, Wynn AA, Samsudin AT, John DV

Clin Med Insights Pathol, 2015;8:1-16.
PMID: 25624778 DOI: 10.4137/CPath.S19615

A total of 167 surgically resected primary invasive breast carcinomas and 63 metastatic lymph node lesions were analyzed for immunohistochemical (IHC) localization of the CD44(+)CD24(-low) breast cancer stem cell (CSC) markers, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, and telomerase activity by double-staining IHC technique, in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue, the results were validated by double-staining immunofluorescent and flow cytometry techniques. The results showed that CSCs with CD44(+)CD24(-low) phenotype were significantly increased in node-positive tumors, high-grade tumors, and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). There was a high incidence of telomerase expression in metastatic lymph node lesion. There were considerably high number of tumor cells with EMT expression in metastatic lymph node lesion, and triple-negative tumor. The occurrence of EMT phenomena was usually accompanied by the co-existence of CSCs of CD44(+)CD24(-low) phenotype. There was no association between the existence of CSCs and detection of telomerase activity in tumor cells. Increased numbers of both CSCs of CD44(+)CD24(-low) phenotype and cells underwent EMT in DCIS lesion might be an initial step in the stromal invasion and propagation of breast cancer, and occurrence of EMT in the breast tumor associated with high prevalence of CSCs, promoting tumor invasiveness and metastasis.
Fulltext A clinically silent tumour of adrenal myelolipoma: A case report

Azizan N, Myint O, Wynn AA, Thein TT, Hayati F, Nik Lah NAS

Int J Surg Case Rep, 2020;72:63-65.
PMID: 32506033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.05.056

INTRODUCTION: Adrenal myelolipoma is a rare, non-functional, benign neoplasm which is constituted of mature haematopoietic elements and adipose tissues in various proportions. It is diagnosed accidentally and frequently with the widespread use of imaging modalities.
PRESENTATION OF CASE: We report a 63-year-old lady with incidental findings of adrenal tumour on computed tomography (CT) scan during a routine medical check-up. She underwent tumour resection in view of a large tumour of 7 cm in size.
DISCUSSION: CT scan is sensitive to diagnose adrenal myelolipoma in view of its fat-laden property and useful to monitor the tumour progress. Even previously she opted for conservative management; the decision for surgery was made in view of enlarging tumour and risk of surrounding tissue compression.
CONCLUSION: With increased awareness, the detection rate of this tumour is improving, hence able to prevent the complications of a large tumour such as compression, bleeding and tumour necrosis.
Fulltext Assessment of risk factors for ovarian cancer in UMS students. [Abstract]

Myint O, Azizan N, Mohd Hayati MF, Wynn AA, Myint T

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(106):37.
MyJurnal

Abstracts For The 1st International Borneo Healthcare And Public Health Conference And 4th Borneo Tropical Medicine And Infectious Disease Congress. Held at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia On 3rd-5th September 2019
Introduction: Cancer is a major public health problem and the third leading cause of death in Malaysia. Ovarian cancers are the fifth most common cancer among women in Peninsular Malaysia. Our aim is to assess the risk factors in healthy young adult female students from UMS and will act as an input for further prevention of ovarian cancer. Methods: Cross sectional, questionnaire-based study was done on total 278 Medical and Nursing students from Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and received the answers based on genetic assessment of ovarian cancers whether gives positive history of ovarian cancers in first degree, second degree and third-degree relatives. The life-time risk of a woman who has a first degree relative with ovarian cancer is five percent (the average woman’s lifetime risk is 1.4 percent). Results: Assessing the hereditary risk factor, total 1.8% gives positive results for ovarian cancer in first degree relatives. The lifetime risk of ovarian cancer among female mutation carriers was 39-46% for BRCA1 and 12-20% for BRCA2 mutation carriers. In our study, regarding physical activity,63.7% is not meeting with WHO recommendation for Metabolic Equivalent Task (MET) and remaining 36.3% meets WHO recommendation. By using International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPQA)Score Protocol, only 2.6 % of Medical students showed Health Enhancing Physical Activity (HEPA) active,36.4 % showed minimally active and 60.9% showed inactive. Among nursing students only 5.5% showed HEPA active, 35.4% showed minimally active and 59.1% are inactive. Conclu-sion: Primary prevention through behavioural and lifestyle modification is a cost-effective means of preventing the large burden cancer has on societies world-wide.
The evolving role of social media in enhancing quality of life: a global perspective across 10 countries

Marzo RR, Jun Chen HW, Ahmad A, Thew HZ, Choy JS, Ng CH, et al.

Arch Public Health, 2024 Mar 06;82(1):28.
PMID: 38449000 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-023-01222-z

BACKGROUND: Excessive or inappropriate use of social media has been linked to disruptions in regular work, well-being, mental health, and overall reduction of quality of life. However, a limited number of studies documenting the impact of social media on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are available globally.
AIM: This study aimed to explore the perceived social media needs and their impact on the quality of life among the adult population of various selected countries.
METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional, quantitative design and analytical study utilized an online survey disseminated from November to December 2021.
RESULTS: A total of 6689 respondents from ten countries participated in the study. The largest number of respondents was from Malaysia (23.9%), followed by Bangladesh (15.5%), Georgia (14.8%), and Turkey (12.2%). The prevalence of social media users was over 90% in Austria, Georgia, Myanmar, Nigeria, and the Philippines. The majority of social media users were from the 18-24 age group. Multiple regression analysis showed that higher education level was positively correlated with all four domains of WHOQoL. In addition, the psychological health domain of quality of life was positively associated in all countries. Predictors among Social Media Needs, Affective Needs (β = -0.07), and Social Integrative Needs (β = 0.09) were significantly associated with psychological health.
CONCLUSION: The study illuminates the positive correlation between higher education levels and improved life quality among social media users, highlighting an opportunity for policymakers to craft education-focused initiatives that enhance well-being. The findings call for strategic interventions to safeguard the mental health of the global social media populace, particularly those at educational and health disadvantages.