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Fulltext Antimicrobial Activity of Two Edible Plant Extracts of Amaranthus viridis L . and Spinacia oleracea L . Against a Clinical Isolate of Streptococcus mutans - An In vitro Study

Sahni H, Naveen N, Gupta R, Dhanlaxmi P, Sharma H

Indian J Dent Res, 2026 Apr 01;37(2):213-217.
PMID: 42954907 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_248_26

BACKGROUND: Despite plants being ancient sources of medicinal compounds, the development of new antibiotics has been overshadowed by the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens, threatening their clinical effectiveness.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the antimicrobial effects of Amaranthus viridis L. and Spinacia oleracea L. extracts against a clinical isolate of Streptococcus mutans to find an affordable, simple, and effective alternative for its prevention and management.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Plant extracts were prepared via hot continuous extraction using 100% methanol in Soxhlet equipment. The Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used to evaluate antibacterial activity against S. mutans using 20 Petri dishes. The mean zone of inhibition (ZOI) was measured using a HiAntibiotic Zone Scale™. Statistical analysis was performed using One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test. A value of P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
RESULTS: Among both the plant extracts, S. oleracea L. demonstrated a higher mean ZOI of 16.95 ± 0.21 mm at 24 hours, 16.75 ± 0.23 mm at 48 hours and 15.01 ± 0.27 mm at 72 hours, while A. viridis L. showed a lower antimicrobial activity with a mean ZOI of 11.85 ± 0.51 mm at 24 hours, 10.71 ± 0.67 mm at 48 hours and 7.13 ± 0.94 mm at 72 hours.
CONCLUSION: Both plant extracts demonstrated antimicrobial activity against S. mutans . While both were effective, S. oleracea L. consistently outperformed A. viridis L. across all time intervals. Further studies are required to confirm these findings and evaluate their effectiveness in different forms and concentrations.
QbD driven targeted pulmonary delivery of dexamethasone-loaded chitosan microspheres: Biodistribution and pharmacokinetic study

Asha BR, Goudanavar P, Koteswara Rao GSN, Gandla K, Raghavendra Naveen N, Majeed S, et al.

Saudi Pharm J, 2023 Sep;31(9):101711.
PMID: 37564747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101711

Inhaling drugs, on the other hand, is limited mainly by the natural mechanisms of the respiratory system, which push drug particles out of the lungs or make them inefficient once they are there. Because of this, many ways have been found to work around the problems with drug transport through the lungs. Researchers have made polymeric microparticles (MP) and nanoparticles as a possible way to get drugs into the lungs. They showed that the drug could be trapped in large amounts and retained in the lungs for a long time, with as little contact as possible with the bloodstream. MP were formulated in this study to get dexamethasone (DMC) into the pulmonary area. The Box-Behnken design optimized microspheres preparation to meet the pulmonary delivery prerequisites. Optimized formulation was figured out based on the desirability approach. The mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of the optimized formula (O-DMC-MP) was 8.46 ± 1.45 µm, and the fine particle fraction (FPF) was 77.69 ± 1.26%. This showed that it made suitable drug delivery system, which could make it possible for MP to settle deeply in the lung space after being breathed in. With the first burst of drug release, it was seen that drug release could last up to 16 h. Also, there was no clear sign that the optimized formulation was toxic to the alveoli basal epithelial cells in the lungs, as supported by cytotoxic studies in HUVEC, A549, and H1299 cell lines. Most importantly, loading DMC inside MP cuts the amount of drug into the bloodstream compared to plain DMC, as evident from biodistribution studies. Stability tests have shown that the product can stay the same over time at both the storage conditions. Using chitosan DMC-MP can be a better therapeutic formulation to treat acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Fulltext Optimization of process parameters for fabrication of electrospun nanofibers containing neomycin sulfate and Malva sylvestris extract for a better diabetic wound healing

Monirul Islam M, Hemmanahalli Ramesh V, Durga Bhavani P, Goudanavar PS, Naveen NR, Ramesh B, et al.

Drug Deliv, 2022 Dec;29(1):3370-3383.
PMID: 36404771 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2144963

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most concerning conditions, and its chronic consequences are almost always accompanied by infection, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Reducing excessive reactive oxygen species and the wound's inflammatory response is a necessary treatment during the acute inflammatory phase of diabetic wound healing. Malva sylvestris extract (MS) containing nanofibers containing neomycin sulfate (NS) were synthesized for this investigation, and their impact on the healing process of diabetic wounds was assessed. Using Design Expert, the electrospinning process for the fabrication of NS nanofibers (NS-NF) was adjusted for applied voltage (X1), the distance between the needle's tip and the collector (X2), and the feed rate (X3) for attaining desired entrapment efficacy [EE] and average nanofiber diameter (ND). The optimal formulation can be prepared with 19.11 kV of voltage, 20 cm of distance, and a flow rate of 0.502 mL/h utilizing the desirability approach. All the selected parameters and responses have their impact on drug delivery from nanofibers. In addition, M. sylvestris extracts have been added into the optimal formulation [MS-NS-NF] and assessed for their surface morphology, tensile strength, water absorption potential, and in vitro drug release studies. The NS and MS delivery from MS-NS-NF has been extended for more than 60 h. M. sylvestris-loaded nanofibers demonstrated superior antibacterial activity compared to plain NS nanofibers. The scaffolds featured a broad aspect and a highly linked porous fibrous network structure. Histomorphometry study and the in vitro scratch assay demonstrate the formulation's efficacy in treating diabetic wound healing. The cells treated with MS-NS-NF in vivo demonstrated that wound dressings successfully reduced both acute and chronic inflammations. To improve the healing of diabetic wounds, MS-NS-NF may be regarded as an appropriate candidate for wound dressing.
Fulltext A spotlight on application of microwave-assisted modifications of plant derived polymers in designing novel drug delivery systems

Basavarajappa GM, Priyanka KM, Goudanavar P, Narasimha LG, Naveen NR, Gowthami B, et al.

Des Monomers Polym, 2023;26(1):106-116.
PMID: 37008384 DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2023.2194176

Polymers are a fundamental part of numerous industries and can be conjugated with many other materials and components to have a vast array of products. Biomaterials have been extensively studied for their application in pharmaceutical formulation development, tissue engineering, and biomedical areas. However, the native form of many polymers has limitations concerning microbial contamination, susceptibility, solubility, and stability. Chemical or physical modifications can overcome these limitations by tailoring the properties of polymers to meet several requirements. The polymer modifications are interdisciplinary, cutting across conventional materials, physics, biology, chemistry, medicine, and engineering limitations. Microwave irradiation has become a well-established technique for a few decades to drive and promote chemical modification reactions. This technique allows ease of temperature and power control to perform the synthesis protocols efficiently. Additionally, microwave irradiation contributes to green and sustainable chemistry. In this contribution, microwave-assisted polymer modifications were described with a special focus on their application in developing several novel dosage forms.
Fulltext Wireless Networking-Driven Healthcare Approaches in Combating COVID-19

BasheeruddinAsdaq SM, Naveen NR, Gunturu LN, Pamayyagari K, Abdullah I, Sreeharsha N, et al.

Biomed Res Int, 2021;2021:9195965.
PMID: 34977249 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9195965

Since its outbreak, the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has caused havoc on people's lives. All activities were paused due to the virus's spread across the continents. Researchers have been working hard to find new medication treatments for the COVID-19 pandemic. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that safety and self-measures play a major role in preventing the virus from spreading from one person to another. Wireless technology is playing a critical role in avoiding viral propagation. This technology mainly comprises of portable devices that assist self-isolated patients in adhering to safe precautionary measures. Government officials are currently using wireless technologies to identify infected people at large gatherings. In this research, we gave an overview of wireless technologies that assisted the general public and healthcare professionals in maintaining effective healthcare services during COVID-19. We also discussed the possible challenges faced by them for effective implementation in day-to-day life. In conclusion, wireless technologies are one of the best techniques in today's age to effectively combat the pandemic.