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Fulltext Depression and functional level in schizophrenia: a comparison between chronic hospitalised in-patients and community care patients

Tan, John J.T., Nor Zuraida, Z., Mohamad Omer, H., Gill, Jesjeet Singh, Lau, Kelvin H.K.

JUMMEC, 2007;10(2):31-36.
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Recent innovations in the treatment of schizophrenia reflect a growing trend towards community-based care. Malaysia had in the past few years attempted to deinstitutionalise mental patients in the mental hospitals. Therefore it is important to conduct research to compare the two groups of schizophrenia patients (community-based patients against chronic hospitalised patients) to ascertain if deinstitutionalisation has been beneficial. The main objective of the study was to compare levels of depression and function in community-based patients against chronic hospitalised patients as depression is prevalent among schizophrenia patients. This study was cross sectional in nature where data was collected from 51 inpatients in Hospital Bahagia Ulu Kinta (HBUK) and 23 community-based patients. Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) and Global Assessment of Functioning scale (GAF) were the assessment tools used. Community-based patients were found to have significantly lower scores in the CDSS scale (1.96) as compared to chronic hospitalised patients (4.04); p < 0.01). They also showed higher functional capability between community-based and hospitalised patients respectively (74.04 vs 57.92) respectively. (p < 0.001). Community services appeared to be more effective than long stay in-patient services in preventing depression and promoting better functional levels.
FPGA implementation of real-time SENSE reconstruction using pre-scan and Emaps sensitivities

Siddiqui MF, Reza AW, Shafique A, Omer H, Kanesan J

Magn Reson Imaging, 2017 12;44:82-91.
PMID: 28855113 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2017.08.005

Sensitivity Encoding (SENSE) is a widely used technique in Parallel Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to reduce scan time. Reconfigurable hardware based architecture for SENSE can potentially provide image reconstruction with much less computation time. Application specific hardware platform for SENSE may dramatically increase the power efficiency of the system and can decrease the execution time to obtain MR images. A new implementation of SENSE on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is presented in this study, which provides real-time SENSE reconstruction right on the receiver coil data acquisition system with no need to transfer the raw data to the MRI server, thereby minimizing the transmission noise and memory usage. The proposed SENSE architecture can reconstruct MR images using receiver coil sensitivity maps obtained using pre-scan and eigenvector (E-maps) methods. The results show that the proposed system consumes remarkably less computation time for SENSE reconstruction, i.e., 0.164ms @ 200MHz, while maintaining the quality of the reconstructed images with good mean SNR (29+ dB), less RMSE (<5×10-2) and comparable artefact power (<9×10-4) to conventional SENSE reconstruction. A comparison of the center line profiles of the reconstructed and reference images also indicates a good quality of the reconstructed images. Furthermore, the results indicate that the proposed architectural design can prove to be a significant tool for SENSE reconstruction in modern MRI scanners and its low power consumption feature can be remarkable for portable MRI scanners.
Occupational and patients effective radiation doses in dental imaging

Tamam N, Almuqrin AH, Mansour S, Elnour A, Musa M, Omer H, et al.

Appl Radiat Isot, 2021 Nov;177:109899.
PMID: 34438276 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109899

Ionizing radiation exposure from medical applications is increasing annually worldwide. It was estimated that 325 million dental procedures were performed in the United States. Radiation exposure from dental radiography consists of intraoral, panoramic, and 3D imaging cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging. Recent studies reported an association between dental imaging procedures and increased cancer probability of brain and thyroid. Previous studies showed that some dental imaging practices exposed patients and staff to unnecessary radiation doses due to incorrect image acquisition and insufficient radiation protection measures. This study aims to (i) measure the occupational and patients doses during dental procedures and (ii) assess the current imaging techniques and radiation protection practices. Two hundred fourteen patients were evaluated for periapical, bitewing, cephalometric, occlusal, and panoramic procedures. Organ equivalent doses were quantified for the breast, eye lens, and thyroid gland during CBCT procedure. Occupational and ambient dose assessment were assessed using calibrated thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD-100(LiF: Mg. Ti). Ambient doses were measure at different locations at the department using TLDs. Patients' radiation doses were quantified using kerma area product (PKA (mGy.cm) and the entrance surface air kerma (ESAK (mGy). Fixed tube voltage (65 kVp) and tube current-time product (7 mAs) were used. The overall mean, sd, and range of patients dose values during intraoral (mGy), panoramic and CBCT examinations were 4.6 ± 0.7 (1.4-7.1), 135 ± 45 (75.2-168.5), and 215 ± 165 (186-2115), respectively. The mean and range of the annual occupational doses (mSv) were 1.4 (0.6-3.7), which below the annual dose limits for radiation workers (20 mSv/y). The study showed that inadequate radiation protection for patients existed in terms of the use of the thyroid shield, the technologist's presence inside the room during radiation exposure. Patients' radiation doses were comparable with the international diagnostic reference level (DRL). Staff education and training in radiation protection aspects are highly recommended.
EVALUATION OF ANNUAL RADIATION EXPOSURE OF STAFF IN A CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION DEPARTMENT IN SAUDI ARABIA

Sulieman A, Mayhoub F, Ibrahim HS, Omer H, Alkhorayef M, Abolaban FA, et al.

Radiat Prot Dosimetry, 2021 Oct 12;195(3-4):314-318.
PMID: 34265851 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncab107

The objective of this study is to estimate the annual effective dose for cardiologists and nurses by measuring Hp(10) and Hp(0.07) during cardiac catheterization procedures. A total of 16 staffs members were working in interventional cardiology during 1 year at a tertiary hospital. The occupational dose was measured using calibrated thermo-luminescent dosemeters (TLD-100, LiF:Mg,Ti). The overall mean and range of the annual Hp(10) and Hp(0.07) (mSv) for cardiologists were 3.7 (0.13-14.5) and 3.2 (0.21-14.7), respectively. Cardiologists were frequently exposed to higher doses compared with nurses and technologists. The exposure showed wide variations, which depend on occupation and workload. Staff is adhered to radiation protection guidelines regarding shielding the trunk, thyroid shield, thus appropriately protected. Lens dose measurement is recommended to ensure that dose limit is not exceeded.
Assessment of breast dose and cancer risk for young females during CT chest and abdomen examinations

Tamam N, Sulieman A, Omer H, Toufig H, Alsaadi M, Salah H, et al.

Appl Radiat Isot, 2022 Dec;190:110452.
PMID: 36183658 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110452

CT scanning deliver much higher radiation doses than planar radiological procedures, which puts patients to high risks. This study measures and evaluates patient doses during chest and abdomen computed tomography procedures. Particular attention is given to measuring the dose to the equivalent breast (mSv) and to estimate the associated risks of breast cancer to young female patients (15-35 years). Data was obtained from standard examinations from three hospitals. The measured values of CT dose indexes, CTDI (mGy) as well as exposure-related parameters were used for assessment. Breast and effective doses were extrapolated using a software. The results showed remarkable variations of the mean organ equivalent doses for similar CT examinations in the studied hospitals. This could be attributed to the variation in CT scanning imaging technique, and clinical indications. The average effective dose to the chest was 7.9 mSv (2.3-47.0 mSv) and for the abdomen the mean dose was 6.6 mSv, ranging from (3.3-27 mSv). The breast received equivalent doses from chest and abdomen procedures as follows: 10.2 (1.6-33 mSv) and 10.1(2.3-19 mS) Sv respectively. Each procedure yielded high risks of breast cancer for young females. Implementation of accurate referral criteria is recommended to avoid unnecessary breast radiation exposure.
A user-friendly deep learning application for accurate lung cancer diagnosis

Tai DT, Nhu NT, Tuan PA, Suleiman A, Omer H, Alirezaei Z, et al.

J Xray Sci Technol, 2024 Apr 09.
PMID: 38607727 DOI: 10.3233/XST-230255

BACKGROUND: Accurate diagnosis and subsequent delineated treatment planning require the experience of clinicians in the handling of their case numbers. However, applying deep learning in image processing is useful in creating tools that promise faster high-quality diagnoses, but the accuracy and precision of 3-D image processing from 2-D data may be limited by factors such as superposition of organs, distortion and magnification, and detection of new pathologies. The purpose of this research is to use radiomics and deep learning to develop a tool for lung cancer diagnosis.
METHODS: This study applies radiomics and deep learning in the diagnosis of lung cancer to help clinicians accurately analyze the images and thereby provide the appropriate treatment planning. 86 patients were recruited from Bach Mai Hospital, and 1012 patients were collected from an open-source database. First, deep learning has been applied in the process of segmentation by U-NET and cancer classification via the use of the DenseNet model. Second, the radiomics were applied for measuring and calculating diameter, surface area, and volume. Finally, the hardware also was designed by connecting between Arduino Nano and MFRC522 module for reading data from the tag. In addition, the displayed interface was created on a web platform using Python through Streamlit.
RESULTS: The applied segmentation model yielded a validation loss of 0.498, a train loss of 0.27, a cancer classification validation loss of 0.78, and a training accuracy of 0.98. The outcomes of the diagnostic capabilities of lung cancer (recognition and classification of lung cancer from chest CT scans) were quite successful.
CONCLUSIONS: The model provided means for storing and updating patients' data directly on the interface which allowed the results to be readily available for the health care providers. The developed system will improve clinical communication and information exchange. Moreover, it can manage efforts by generating correlated and coherent summaries of cancer diagnoses.
Estimation of patient effective doses in PET/CT- 18F-Sodium Fluoride examinations

Alnaaimi M, Sulieman A, Tamam N, Alkhorayef M, Alduaij M, Mohammedzein T, et al.

Appl Radiat Isot, 2021 Dec;178:109965.
PMID: 34688024 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109965

The positron emitters (18F-Sodium Fluoride (NaF)) and X-rays used in Positron emission tomography (PET) combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging have a high radiation dose, which results in a high patient dose. The present research intends to determine the radiation dose and risks associated with PET/CT- 18F-Sodium fluoride examinations in patients. The 18F-NaF PET/CT was used to investigate the doses of 86 patients. Patient exposure parameters and ImPACT software were used to calculate mean effective doses. The administered activity of 185 MBq (5.0 mCi) per procedure has a mean and range based on the patient's BMI (BMI). The range of patient effective doses per procedure was found to be 4-10 mSv, with a radiation risk of 1 × 10-5 per procedure. Patient doses are determined by the patient's size, scanner type, imaging protocol, and reconstruction method. For further dose reduction, proper justification and radiation dose optimization is required.