This study provides an alternative agenda to better explain the Belt and Road Initiative's (BRI's) technological connotations in Bangladesh using the Game Theory and Demand Curve approaches. BRI can proceed as a means to technology development for Bangladesh based on foreign direct investment (FDI) spillover effects that ranked China as the top FDI source, with 1159.42 million USD invested in 2018-2019. The findings suggest that motivated by mutual interests of economic transformation (China) and technological requirements (Bangladesh), BRI offers a bargaining game of cooperation. Thus, while economic transformation may force China to relocate its garment factories, Bangladesh's low wages and geopolitical location give it a superior position regarding relocation. The technological effects of such relocation will be two-fold: exchanges of tacit knowledge (conventional) and techno-based infrastructural support (component) that align with the proposed technology development framework on a macro level. More conventional technological projects and additional sector-based technology transfer are required to amplify BRI's technological forecasts. Moreover, to encourage more abundant FDI, bank loan interest must be decreased, and political stability has to be ensured. Both survey-based fieldwork and projects-based qualitative research need to be conducted to discover BRI's tangible technological implications.
Sphagnum-associated microbiomes are crucial to Sphagnum growth and peatland ecological functions. However, roles of rare species in bacterial communities across Sphagnum compartments are poorly understood. Here the structures of rare taxa (RT) and conditionally abundant and rare taxa (CART) from Sphagnum palustre peat (SP), S. palustre ectosphere (Ecto) and S. palustre endosphere (Endo) were investigated in the Dajiuhu Peatland, central China. Our results showed that plant compartment effects significantly altered the diversities and structures of bacterial communities. The Observed species and Simpson indices of RT and CART in alpha diversity significantly increased from Endo to SP, with those of Ecto in-between. The variations of community dissimilarities of RT and CART among compartments were consistent with those of whole bacterial communities (WBC). Network analysis indicated a non-random co-occurrence pattern of WBC and all keystone species are affiliated with RT and CART, indicating their important role in sustaining the WBC. Furthermore, the community structures of RT and CART in SP were significantly shaped by water table and total nitrogen content, which coincided with the correlations between WBC and environmental factors. Collectively, our results for the first time confirm the importance of rare species to bacterial communities through structural and predicted functional analyses, which expands our understanding of rare species in Sphagnum-associated microbial communities in subalpine peatlands.